Diagnosis of Covid-19 in Children and Nursing Approach: A Systematic Review

Year 2021, , 98 - 106, 23.04.2021

Abdullah Sarman , Suat Tuncay , Emine Sarman

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.843403

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Aim: This study was carried out to summarize the systematic literature review on current information about Serious acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 in children and to determine nursing approach.

Methods: Regarding the research, 156 publications were examined between 21 Janu¬ary and 15 November 2020. The review was conducted with the key words of “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “Covid-19”, “child”, “nursing”, which are openly accessible on databases such as PubMed, Science Direct and the WHO.

Results: Covid-19 infection may be asymptomatic or characterized by fever and fatigue in children; they can be potential carriers of the disease. Several upper respiratory symp¬toms have been seen, such as nasal congestion and a runny nose. In some patients, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occurs. Fever and cough were evident in pediatric patients. As the condition progresses, dyspnea, cyanosis and other signs may arise after typically one week of the disease, along with systemic toxic signs, in¬cluding restlessness or malaise, decreased appetite, poor feeding and reduced activity. Children’s condition might progress quickly and turn to respiratory failure, which cannot be improved by conventional oxygen within 1-3 days. Metabolic acidosis, septic shock, irreversible bleeding and coagulation dysfunction can take place in such severe cases. However, Covid-19 may cause an inflammatory reaction in some children. Those start¬ing with gastrointestinal symptoms may progress to severe conditions and newborns whose mothers are infected with Covid-19 could have severe complications.

Conclusion: This systematic review has shown that children generally develop mild Covid-19 disease and these infections are often acquired through community sources. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult in children and there is limited data on children with Covid-19. The disease mainly causes fever, respiratory symptoms and other flu-like manifestations in children. The signs and symptoms of the disease should be carefully monitored. Nurses should know the course and symptoms of the disease well in children and take precautions.

Keywords

2019-nCoV, care, child, covid-19, nursing

Çocuklarda Covid-19’un Tanılanmasında Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, çocuklarda ciddi akut solunum sendromu 2 (SARS-CoV-2 veya Covid-19) hakkındaki güncel literatürü sistematik olarak özetlemek ve hemşirelik yaklaşımını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Araştırmaya konu olan kısım ile ilgili olarak, 21 Ocak ve 15 Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında 156 araştırmaya ulaşılmıştır. İnceleme PubMed, Science Direct ve WHO veri tabanlarında “SARS-CoV-2”, “koronavirüs”, “Covid-19”, “çocuk”, “hemşirelik” anahtar kelimeleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Covid-19 enfeksiyonu, çocuklarda asemptomatik olabilir ve hastalığın potansiyel taşıyıcıları olabilirler. Burun tıkanıklığı ve burun akıntısı gibi çeşitli üst solunum yolu semptomları görülür. Bazı hastalarda karın ağrısı, bulantı, kusma ve ishal görülür. Pediatrik hastalarda daha çok ateş ve öksürük görülmektedir. Durum ilerledikçe, huzursuzluk veya halsizlik, iştahsızlık, zayıf beslenme ve daha az aktivite gibi sistemik toksik belirtilerle birlikte tipik olarak hastalığın bir haftasından sonra dispne, siyanoz ve diğer belirtiler ortaya çıkabilir. Çocukların durumu hızlı bir şekilde ilerleyebilir ve 1-3 gün içinde geleneksel oksijenle düzeltilemeyen solunum yetmezliğine dönüşebilir. Metabolik asidoz, septik şok, geri döndürülemez kanama ve pıhtılaşma disfonksiyonu bu tür ağır vakalarda meydana gele-bilir. Bununla birlikte, Covid-19 bazı çocuklarda inflamatuar bir reaksiyona neden olabilir. Gastrointestinal semptomların görüldüğü çocuklarda ve anneleri Covid-19 ile enfekte olan yenidoğanlarda hastalığın ilerlemesiyle birlikte ciddi komplikasyonlar oluşabilir.

Sonuç: Bu sistematik derleme sonuçları çocuklarda Covid-19 hastalığının genellikle hafif geliştiğini ve bu enfeksiyonun genellikle toplum kaynaklı edinildiğini göstermiştir. Çocuklarda hastalığın tanısı zordur ve Covid-19’lu çocuklar hakkında sınırlı sayıda veri vardır. Bu hastalık, çocuklarda temel olarak ateş, solunum semptomları ve diğer grip benzeri belirtilere neden olur. Bu yüzden, hastalığın semptom ve belirtileri dikkatle izlenmelidir. Hemşireler çocuklarda hastalığın seyrini, semptomlarını iyi bilmeli ve önlem almalıdır.

Keywords

2019-nCoV, bakım, çocuk, covid-19, hemşirelik

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