Evaluation of Peripheral Inflammatory Activity in Different Types of Dementia

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 20 - 25, 30.04.2024

Esra Erkoç Ataoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.1422120

Abstract

Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by pathophysiological processes involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. Vascular dementia (VaD) stands as the second most prevalent form among all dementia types, sharing common pathophysiological mechanisms with AD, such as vascular oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered a simple, noninvasive, and widely available clinical marker of inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential differences between these two different types of dementia in terms of NLR values.

Materials and Methods:The data of patients diagnosed with AD or VaD and healthy controls who applied to a University Hospital Neurology outpatient clinic were retrospectively examined, and the groups were analyzed with statistical methods in terms of NLR levels.

Results: A total of 39 AD, 32 VaD, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Hemogram analyses revealed significantly elevated NLR values in both the AD and VaD groups compared to the healthy control group (p = .001, p = .001, respectively). AD and VaD groups demonstrated no significant difference in NLR (p = .787).Additionally, as a result of regression analyses, it was determined that age and NLR were independent variables associated with the presence of dementia.

Conclusions:NLR values are at higher levels in AD and VaD patient groups compared to healthy controls. Our results support the role of peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis of VaD, as in AD. Additional studies are needed on potential inflammatory biomarkers of VaD.

Keywords

alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, NLR, neuroinflammation

Farklı Demans Tiplerinde Periferik İnflamatuar Aktivitenin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), nöroinflamasyon, nörodejenerasyon ve sinaptik işlev bozukluğu gibi karmaşık patofizyolojik süreçlerle karakterize kronik bir nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Vasküler demans (VaD), tüm demans türleri arasında ikinci en yaygın form olup, vasküler oksidatif stres ve kronik inflamasyon gibi AH ile ortak patofizyolojik mekanizmalara sahiptir. Nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR), inflamasyonun basit, invaziv olmayan ve yaygın olarak kullanılabilen bir klinik belirleyicisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NLR değerleri açısından, bu iki farklı demans tipi arasındaki potansiyel farkları araştırmaktır.

Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Nöroloji polikliniğine başvuran, AH veya VaD tanısı alan hastaların ve sağlıklı kontrollerin verileri retrospektif olarak incelenerek, gruplar NLR düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplamda 39 AH hastası, 32 VaD hastası ve 30 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Hemogram analizleri, AH ve VaD gruplarında NLR değerlerinin sağlıklı kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olduğunu ortaya koydu (sırasıyla p = .001, p = .001). AH ve VaD grupları arasında NLR'de anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p = .787). Ayrıca, regresyon analizleri sonucunda, yaş ve NLR'nin demans varlığı ile ilişkili bağımsız değişkenler olduğu belirlendi.

Sonuç: NLR değerleri, AH ve VaD hasta gruplarında sağlıklı kontrollere göre yüksek seviyelerdedir. Sonuçlarımız, VaD patogenezinde de, AH'de olduğu gibi periferik inflamasyonun rolünü desteklemektedir. VaD'nin potansiyel inflamatuar biyobelirteçleri konusunda ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

alzheimer hastalığı, vasküler demans, NLR, nöroinflamasyon

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