Relationships between Otolith Dimensions and Total Length of Some Small-sized Fish Species from the Marmara Sea, Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 12 - 22, 30.06.2024

Yusuf Şen , İsmail Burak Daban

Abstract

The small-sized adult and juvenile fish species have great ecological importance by means of the prey-predator relationship. Due to these species become prey of larger fish species, their otoliths are mostly seen in the stomach content of predators. The fish size-otolith size studies reveals robust data for estimating fish size from the otolith size. To contribute this aspect, the relationships between total length and otolith length (TL-OL), total length and otolith width (TL-OW), total length and otolith radius (TL-OR) of seven species (Liza sa-liens, Pomatoschistus marmoratus, Pomatoschistus bathi, Pomatoschistus minutus, Synapturichthys kleinii, Chelidonichthys lucerna and Symphodus roissali) were investigated. Species were obtained by beach-seine nets from 12 sampling stations in the shallow waters of the Marmara Sea. While calculating the relationships, linear regression analysis (y = bx + a) was used and the coefficient of determination (R2) was identified. The R2 values were usually seen as high in all equations. The highest values of R2 for TL-OL and TL-OW were obtained from P. minutus, while the highest values of TL-OR detected were for C. lucerna. The lowest values of R2 for TL-OW and TL-OR were obtained from P. marmoratus, while the lowest values of TL-OL were de-tected for P. bathi. This study revealed the first results for P. minutus, S. kleinii, S. roissali in the Turkiye Seas and for P. bathi in the worldwide by means of fish length – otolith size relationships.

Keywords

Beach seine nets, Juvenile, Fish, Otolith size, Shallow waters

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Supporting Institution

This work supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 121G097).

Project Number

Project No: 121G097

Thanks

This work supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 121G097).

Marmara Denizi'nden (Türkiye) Bazı Küçük Boyutlu Balık Türlerinin Toplam Boy ile Otolit Boyutları Arasındaki İlişkileri

Abstract

Av-avcı ilişkileri açısından juvenil ve küçük boyutlu ergin türlerin ekolojik önemi büyüktür. Bu türler genellikle daha büyük boyutlu türlerin besini olduğundan, bunlara ait otolitlerde avcıların midelerinde sıklıkla görülmektedir. Balık boyu-otolit boyutu ilişkileri çalışmaları, otolit boyutundan balık boyunu tahmin etmek için güvenilir veriler ortaya koymaktadır. Bu konuya katkı sağlamak amacıyla, Marmara Denizi’ndeki sığ sulardan, 12 farklı istasyonda ığrıp av aracı ile örneklenen yedi türün (Liza saliens, Pomatoschistus marmoratus, Pomatoschistus bathi, Pomatoschistus minutus, Synapturichthys kleinii, Chelidonichthys lucerna ve Symphodus roissali), toplam boy ile otolit boyu (TL-OL), toplam boy ile otolit genişliği (TL-OW) ve toplam boy ile otolit yarıçapı (TL-OR) ilişkileri belirlenmiştir. İlişkiler hesaplanırken, doğrusal regresyon analizi (y = bx + a) kullanılmış ve determinasyon katsayısı (R2) belirlenmiştir. R2 değerlerinin tüm denklemlerde genellikle yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TL-OL ve TL-OW için en yüksek R2 değeri P. minutus'ta elde edilirken, TL-OR için en yüksek R2 değeri C. lucerna'dan elde edilmiştir. TL-OW ve TL-OR için en düşük R2 değeri P. marmoratus'tan elde edilirken, en düşük R2 değeri TL-OL değeri P. bathi'den elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma otolit boyutu - balık boyu ilişkisi alanında, P. bathi için dünya genelinde, P. minutus, S. kleinii, S. roissali için Türkiye Denizlerinde ilk sonuçları ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Iğrıp, Juvenil, Balık, Otolit boyutu, Sığ sular

Project Number

Project No: 121G097

References

• Akyol, O., Kinacigil, H.T. (2001) Comparative body and otolith morphometrics of Mugilidae in Homa Lagoon (Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea). Acta Adriatica 42(2): 3-14.
• Altin, A., Ayyildiz, H. (2018) Relationships between total length and otolith measurements for 36 fish species from Gökçeada Island, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 34(1): 136-141.
• Battaglia, P., Malara, D., Romeo, T., Andaloro, F. (2010) Relationships between otolith size and fish size in some mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from the Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina, Italy). Scientia Marina 74(3): 605-612.
• Başusta, A., Bıyıklı, N.D. (2022) Otolith dimensions-fish length relationships of tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus,1758) obtained from Northeastern Mediterranean. Ecological Life Sciences 17(4): 187-202.
• Belchier, M., Clemmesen, C., Cortes, D., Doan, T., Folkvord, A., Garcia, A., Geffen, A., Høie, H., Johannessen, A., Moksness, E., de Pontual, H., Ramirez, T., Schnack, D., Sveinsbo, B. (2004) Recruitment studies: manual on precision and accuracy of tools. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences 33: 35pp.
• Campana S.E., Jones, C. (1992). Analysis of otolith microstructure data. In: Stevenson, D.K., Campana, S.E. (Eds.), Otolith microstructure examination and analysis. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 117: 73-100.
• Campana, S.E., Casselman, J.M. (1993) Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50: 1062–1083.
• Campana, S.E., Thorrold, S.R. (2001) Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensiveunderstanding of fish populations?. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58: 30–38.
• Campana, S.E. (2005) Otolith science entering the 21st century. Marine and Freshwater Research 56: 485–495.
• Cardinale, M., Doering-Arjes, P., Kastowsky, M., Mosegaard, H. (2004) Effects of sex, stock, and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 158–167.
• Dawson, W.A. (1991) Otolith measurement as a method of identifying factors affecting first-year growth and stock separation of mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.). Journal du Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer 47: 303–317.
• Fey, D.P. (2006) The effect of temperature and somatic growth on otolith growth: the discrepancy between two clupeid species from a similar environment. Journal of Fish Biology 69: 794–806.
• Gerard, T.L., Malca, E. (2011) Silver nitrate staining improves visual analysis of daily otolith increments. Journal of American Science 7(1): 120–124.
• Gümüş, A., Van, A., Zengin, M., Serdar, S. (2021) Evidence on otolith structure and some ecological features of three small foraging species along the Southern Black Sea Coast. Acta Aquatica Turcica 17(2): 267-278.
• Hasimoğlu, A., Ak, O., Kasapoğlu, N., Atılgan, E. (2016) New maximum length report of Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linneaus, 1758) in the Black Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 22(2): 149-154.
• Hammer, D., Harper, D.A.T., Ryan, P.D. (2001) PAST: Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 9.
• Harvey, J.T., Loughlin, T.R., Perez, M.A., Oxman, D.S. (2000). Relationship between fish size and otolith length for 63 species of fishes from the eastern north pacific ocean. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle (NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 150).
• Hüssy, K., Mosegaard, H., Albertsen, C.M., Nielsen, E.E., Hemmer-Hansen, J., Eero, M. (2016) Evaluation of otolith shape as a tool for stock discrimination in marine fishes using Baltic Sea cod as a case study. Fisheries Research 174: 210–218.
• Kennedy, B.P., Klaue, A., Blum, J.D., Folt, C.L., Nislow, K.H. (2002) Reconstructing the lives of fish using Sr isotopes in otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59: 925–929.
• L'Abée‐Lund, J.H. (1988) Otolith shape discriminates between juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Journal of Fish Biology 33(6): 899-903.
• Lukoschek, V., McCormick, M.I. (2001). Ontogeny of diet changes in a tropical benthic carnivorous fish, Parupeneus barberinus (Mullidae): relationship between foraging behaviour, habitat use, jaw size, and prey selection. Marine Biology 138: 1099-1113.
• Javor, B., Lo, N., Vetter, R. (2011) Otolith morphometrics and population structure of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) along the west coast of North America. Fishery Bulletin 109: 402–15.
• McFarlane, G., Schweigert, J., Hodes, V., Detering, J. (2010) Preliminary study on the use of polished otoliths in the age determination of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in British Columbia waters. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations 51:162–8.
• Mendoza, R.P.R. (2006) Otoliths and their applications in fishery science. Croatian Journal of Fisheries:Ribarstvo 64(3): 89–102.
• Morley, S., Belchier, M. (2002) Otolith and body size relationships in bigeye grenadier (Macrourus holotrachys) in CCAMLR subarea 48. 3. CCAMLR. Science 9: 133–143.
• Pannella, G. (1971) Fish otoliths—daily growth layers andperiodical patterns. Science 173: 1124–1127.
• Popper, A.N., Ramcharitar, J., Campana, S.E. (2005) Why otolith? Insights from inner earphysiology and fisheries biology. Marine and Freshwater Research 56: 497–507.
• Sheaves, M., Baker, R., Nagelkerken, I., Connolly, R.M. (2015) True value of estuarine and coastal nurseries for fish: incorporating complexity and dynamics. Estuaries and Coasts 38: 401-414.
• Song, Y., Cheng, F., Zhao, S., Xie, S. (2019) Ontogenetic development and otolith microstructure in the larval and juvenile stages of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Ichthyological Research 66: 57-66.
• Więcaszek, B., Nowosielski, A., Dąbrowski, J., Górecka, K., Keszka, S., Strzelczak, A. (2020) Fish size effect on sagittal otolith outer shape variability in round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814). Journal of Fish Biology 97(5): 1520-1541.
• Whitehead, P., Bauchot, L., Hureau, J., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E. (1986). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris: UNESCO, Volume I, II, III, 1-1473 p.
• Viva, C., Sartor, P., Bertolini, D., De Ranieri, S., Ligas, A. (2015) Relationship of otolith length to fish total length in six demersal species from the NW Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31(5): 973-974.
• Yaremko, M.L. (1996). Age determination in Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax. NOAA Tech Memorandum NMFS. California, p. 596.
• Yazici, R., Yilmaz, M., Yazicioğlu, O. (2021) Precision of age estimates obtained from five calcified structure for wels catfish, Silurus glanis. Journal of Ichthyology 61(3): 452-459.
• Yazici, R. (2023) Sex‐linked variations in the sagittal otolith biometry of Nemipterus randalli (Russell, 1986) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 102(1): 241-247.
• Zabel, R.W., Haught, K., Chittaro, P.M. (2010) Variability in fish size/otolith radius relationships among populations of Chinook salmon. Environmental Biology of Fishes 89: 267-278.
• Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, N.J., USA.