Bazı dormansi kırma metotlarının jütün (Corchorus olitorius L.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 213 - 217, 03.12.2018

Yasin Emre Kitiş , Dudu Aktas Kaya

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.442105

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Corchorus olitorius L. ılıman ve tropik
bölgelerde yetişen tek yıllık bir bitkidir. Bu türün ılıman iklime sahip bazı
ülkelerde kültürü yapılsa da yazlık kültür bitkileri içerisinde yabancı ot
olarak probleme neden olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Jüt tohumları uygun koşullarda
dahi çimlenmeye karsı bir direnç göstermektedir. Bu durum, bu türle yapılan
çalışmalarda ve kültür bitkisi olarak üretiminde çiftçiler için zorluğa neden
olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, yabancı ot yönetimi açısından, topraktaki tohum
bankasını azaltmak amacıyla dormansiyi ortadan kaldıran metotların bilinmesi
önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada C.
olitorius tohumlarında görülen dormansinin kırılması için yapılan bazı ön
uygulamaların etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, tohumlara, mekanik aşındırma,
saf suda bekletme (2 ve 6 saat), sülfürik asit (% 98; 5, 10 ve 15 dakika),
gibberellik asit (200, 400 and 600 ppm) ve mikrodalga (kuru, ıslak
ve nemli tohumlara 30 ve 60 saniye) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Ön uygulama
yapılan tohumlar 30 °C’ye ayarlı inkübatörlerde çimlenmeye bırakılmış ve 10 gün
boyunca çimlenen tohumlar kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kontrol grubundaki
tohumların çimlenme oranı %4 seviyesinde kalmıştır. En yüksek çimlenme oranı (% 88)
tohum kabuğunun zımparalanarak mekanik olarak aşındırılması yönteminden elde
edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, bu türdeki dormansinin nedeninin kalın tohum
kabuğundan kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Zımparalama dışındaki diğer
uygulamalar kontrolden çok farklı bulunmamıştır. Zımparalama yöntemi, bu türle
yürütülecek bilimsel araştırmalar için kolay ve risksiz bir yöntemdir. Ayrıca
üreticiler bu yöntemle ektikleri tohumlardan maksimum düzeyde çimlenme elde edebileceklerdir.

Keywords

Çimlenme durgunluğu, Teşvik edilmiş çimlenme, Zımparalama, Mekanik aşındırma

Effects of some dormancy breaking methods on germination of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Abstract

Corchorus olitorius L. is an annual plant that grows in temperate and tropical regions. Although this species is cultivated in some countries, in temperate regions, it is observed that it causes problems as a weed in summer crops. Jute shows resistance to germination even in favorable conditions. This situation is an obstruction for studies with this species, and cultivation process for farmers. On the other hand, in weed management, it is important to know the methods for removing dormancy to reduce the seed bank in the soil. In this study, the effect of some preliminary treatments to reduce dormancy in C. olitorius seeds was investigated. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to mechanical scarification, soaking in pure water (2 and 6 hours), application of sulfuric acid (98%; 5, 10 and 15 minutes), gibberellic acid (200, 400 and 600 ppm)  and microwave applications (30 and 60 second durations of dry, wet and afloat seeds). Pre-applied seeds were left to germinate in incubators set at 30 °C and germinated seeds were recorded for 10 days. As a result, the germination rate of the seeds in the control group remained at 4%. The highest germination rate (88%) was obtained from the mechanical abrasion of seed coat by sanding. This result suggests that inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Other applications except sanding were not much different from the control. Sanding is an easy and risk-free method for scientific research to be carried out with the related species, and the farmers can obtain maximum germination from the seeds of jute by this method.

Keywords

Germination inactivity, Induced germination, Sanding, Mechanical scarification

References

• Abubakar H, Pieterseandn PA, Rethman FG (2004) Effect of pre-planting seed treatment on dormancy breaking and germination of Indigofera accessions. Tropical Grasslands 38: 154-157.
• Akman Y, Darici C (1998) Plant Physiology (Nutrition and Development Physiology). Kariyer Matbaacilik Ltd. Sti. Ankara, s. 550 (Published in Turkish).
• Anand A, Bhardwaj J, Nagarajan S (2011) Comparative evaluation of seed coat dormancy breaking treatments in Stylosanthes seabrana. Grass and Forage Science 66: 272–276.
• Bewley JD, Black M (1982) Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination. 2. Viability, Dormancy and Environmental Control. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag).
• Bulbul ZF, Uygur FN (2007) Germination Biology of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (Milk thistle). Turkish Second Plant Protection Congress, 27-29 August 2007, Isparta, Turkey, pp. 151.
• Cagirgan MI, Topuz H, Mbaye N, Silme RS (2014) First report on the occurrence and symptomatology of phyllody disease in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) and its plant characteristic in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 19(1): 129-135.
• Edgar MS, Roberto LC (2004) Effect of scarification and growing medium on seed germination of Desmenthus bicornotus. Tropical Grasslands 38: 253–255.
• Emongor VE, Mathowa T, Kabelo S (2004) The effect of hot water, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, gibberellic acid and ethephon on the germination of Corchorus (Corchorus tridens) seed. Journal of Agronomy 3(3): 196-200.
• Helaly AED, Al-Amier H, Al-Aziz AA, Craker LE (2008) Breaking Seed Dormancy in Corchorus olitorius Landraces. Planta Medica, 74, pp. 4.
• Holm L, Doll J, Holm E, Pancho J, Herberger J (1997) World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 1129.
• Ibrahim H, Oladiran JA, Mohammed H (2013) Effects of seed dormancy level and storage container on seed longevity and seedling vigour of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius). African Journal of Agricultural Research 8(16): 1370-1374.
• Incekara F (1979) Industrial Crops and their Breeding. Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture Publish, Number 3-65. (in Turkish).
• Kitis YE (2009) Evaluation of cover crop and mulch treatments in citrus orchards of the Cukurova Region with regard to integrated weed management. Çukurova Univ. Institution of Science. PhD thesis, pp. 328, Adana, Turkey.
• Maina FNW, Muasya RM, Gohole LS (2011) Dormancy Breaking in Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius) Seeds. Seed Technology 33(2): 147-154.
• Sin B, Kadioglu I, Altuntas G, Kekec M, Kazankiran T (2018) studies on biology of the seed germination of Syrian mesquite [Prosopis farcta (Banks& Sol.)J.F.Mac]. Turkish Journal of Weed Science 21(1): 53-60.
• Tolorunse KD, Ibrahim H, Aliyu NC, Oladiran JA (2015) The quality of jute mallow seeds exposed to different hot water-steeping and cooling protocols. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 7(2): 107-117.
• Tulio AZ, Ose Jr.K, Chachin K, Ueda Y (2002) Effects of storage temperatures on the postharvest quality of jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius L.). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 26: 329–338.
• Tuncer B, Ummuhan F (2017) Research on overcoming the dormancy problem of molekhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) seeds. Turkish Journal of Agric Res. 4(3): 268-274.
• Uremis I (2005) Determination of weed species and their frequency and density in olive groves in Hatay province of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8(1): 164-167.
• Velempini P, Riddoch I, Batisani N (2003) Seed treatments for enhancing germination of wild okra (Corchorus olitorius). Experimeantal Agric. 39: 441–447.
• Yazlik A, Uremis I (2015) Researches on seed and rhizome biology of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.]. Derim 32(1): 11-30. (Published in Turkish).