Effect of different ırrigation levels on yield, yield components and water use in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

Year 2019, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 229 - 235, 01.08.2019

Furkan Çoban , Hakan Özer , Üstün Şahin , Selda Örs , Gül Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.534696

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Deficit irrigation is a general strategy
applied for the saving of water in arid and semi-arid regions with limited
water resources. This research was carried out in 2014 in Erzurum ecological
conditions in order to determine the impacts of different irrigations
quantities on the plant height, the number of branches, the number of umbrella,
1000-fruit weight and seed yield of fennel (Foeniculum
vulgare Mill). The study included four different irrigation levels (100%,
80, 60 and 40). Different irrigation levels were adjusted considering the
evaporation from a Class A pan located at experiment field. Treatments were
arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates.
Significant differences have been observed in the parameters investigated. In
general, the increasing water shortage levels have reduced seed yield and the
highest yield was obtained from the plots where the highest water level is
applied. In terms of the efficient use of water resources, it was concluded
that irrigation application would be more appropriate for 80% of the
evaporation.

Keywords

Fennel, Water deficit, Seed yield, Yield components

Farklı sulama seviyelerinin rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) bitkisinde verim ve verim unsurları ile su kullanımına etkisi

Abstract

Kısıntılı
sulama, sınırlı su kaynaklarına sahip kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde su
tasarrufu sağlamak için uygulanan genel bir stratejidir. Bu araştırma 2014
yılında Erzurum ekolojik koşullarında farklı sulama miktarlarının bitki boyu,
dal sayısı, şemsiye sayısı, 1000 meyve ağırlığı ve rezene tohum verimi
üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada dört farklı
sulama suyu seviyesi (%100, 80, 60 ve 40) uygulanmıştır. Sulama miktarları A
sınıfı kap buharlaşması dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar, üç
tekerrürlü şansa bağlı deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiştir. İncelenen
parametrelerde önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Genel olarak, artan su kısıtı
seviyeleri, tohum verimini düşürmüştür ve en yüksek verim, en yüksek su
seviyesinin uygulandığı parsellerden elde edilmiştir. Su kaynaklarının verimli
kullanılması açısından buharlaşmanın %80 düzeyinde sulamanın daha uygun olacağı
sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Rezene, Su kısıtı, Tohum verimi, Verim unsurları

References

• Aliabadi FH, Lebaschi MH, Hamidi A (2008) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and water stress on quantity and quality characteristics of coriander. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 2(2): 55-59.
• Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, FAO, Rome, Italy.
• Aloghareh RR, Tahmasebi BK, Safari A, Armand R, Odivi AG (2013) Changes in essential oil content and yield components of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) under different irrigation regimes. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 6(7): 364-369.
• Anonymous (2016) Türkiye’ de Sulanan Bitkilerin Su Tüketimi Rehberi. Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
• Angeli KP, Delazari FT, Nick C, Ferreria MG, da Silva DJ (2016) Yield components and water use efficiency in coriander under irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20(5): 415-420.
• Arabacı O, Bayram E (2005) Rezenede (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Farklı Ekim Zamanı ve Tohumluk Miktarının Verim ve Bazı Önemli Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, s. 529-534.
• Askari E, Ehsanzadeh P (2015) Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid and their interactive effects on physiological characteristics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) genotypes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(2): 4.
• Bahreininejad B, Razmjoo J, Mirza M (2014) Effect of water stress on productivity and essential oil content and composition of Thymus carmanicus. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(5): 717-725.
• Bettaieb I, Zakhama N, Wannes WA, Kchouk ME, Marzouk B (2009) Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae 120(2): 271-275.
• Bettaieb I, Knioua S, Hamrouni I, Limam F, Marzouk B (2011) Water-deficit impact on fatty acid and essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) aerial parts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59(1): 328-334.
• Chiyaneh ER, Salmasi SZ, Golezani KG, Delazar, A (2016) Physiological responses of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) to water limitation. Būm/shināsī-i kishāvarzī 4:347-355.
• Damjanović B, Lepojević Ž, Živković V, Tolić A (2005) Extraction of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds with supercritical CO 2: comparison with hydrodistillation. Food Chemistry 92(1): 143-49.
• El Balla MMA, Hamid AA, Abdelmageed AHA (2013) Effects of time of water stress on flowering, seed yield and seed quality of common onion (Allium cepa L.) under the arid tropical Conditions of Sudan. Agricultural Water Management 121: 149–157.
• Ertek A (2011) Importance of pan evaporation for irrigation scheduling and proper use of crop-pan coefficient (Kcp), crop coefficient (Kc) and pan coefficient (Kp). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(32): 6706-6718.
• Fereres E, Soriano MA (2007) Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 147-159.
• Flexas J, Niinemets Ü, Gallé A, Barbour MM, Centritto M, Diaz-Espejo A, Douthe C, Galmés J, Ribas-Carbo M, Rodriguez PL, Rosselló F (2013) Diffusional conductances to CO 2 as a target for increasing photosynthesis and photosynthetic water-use efficiency. Photosynthesis Research 117(1-3): 45-59.
• Godara SR, Verma IM, Gaur JK, Bairwa S, Yadav PK (2013) Effect of different levels of drip irrigation along with various fertigation levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). The Asian Journal of Horticulture 8: 758-762.
• Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Fujita M (2013) Extreme temperature responses, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plants. In: Abiotic Stress-Plant Responses and Applications in Agriculture, K. Vahdati and C, Leslie (eds.). InTech. 169-205.
• Hassan FAS, Ali EF (2014) Impact of different water regimes based on class-A pan on growth, yield and oil content of Coriandrum sativum L. plant. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 13(2): 155-161.
• Hassanpour H, Khavari-Nejad RA, Niknam V, Razavi K, Najafi F (2014) Effect of penconazole and drought stress on the essential oil composition and gene expression of Mentha pulegium L.(Lamiaceae) at flowering stage. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36(5): 1167-1175.
• Howell T (2001) Enhancing water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture. Agronomy Journal 93(2): 281-289.
• Jat ML, Shivran AC, Puniya MM, Boori PK, Ola BL, Verma HP (2015) Effect of drip irrigation scheduling on growth and seed production of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under semi-arid agro-climatic condition International J. Seed Spices 5(2): 67-73.
• Karaca A (1998) Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) ve Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Bitkilerinde Fenolojik, Morfolojik ve Bazı Teknik Özellikler Üzerinde Çalışmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
• Kaur GJ, Arora DS (2010) Bioactive potential of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi belonging to the family Umbelliferae-Current status. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 087-094.
• Klute A (1986) Methods of Soil Analysis: Physical and Mineralogical Properties. Part I, Second Edition. ASA- SSSA Agronomy No: 9, Madison, WI.
• Nik ZB, Mirza M, Ghaffari M (2008) Effect of drought stress on growth and essential oil contents in Parthenium argentatum Gray. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 11(4): 423-429.
• Nourimand M, Mohsenzadeh S, da Silva JAT (2012) Physiological responses of fennel seedling to four environmental stresses. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology A1: 37-46.
• Meena M, Sagarka BK, Das T, Poonia TC (2016) Effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth parameters and yield of drilled rabi fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Res. Environ. Life Sci 9(1):97-99.
• Miraldi E (1999) Comparison of the essential oils from ten Foeniculum vulgare Miller. samples of fruits of different origin. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 14(6): 379-382.
• Mirzaei A, Naseri R, Moghadam A, Esmailpour‐Jahromi M (2013) The effects of drought stress on seed yield and some agronomic traits of canola cultivars at different growth stages. Bulletin Environmental Pharmacology Life Science 2: 115–121.
• Ozturk A, Unlukara A, Ipek A, Gurbuz B (2004) Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 36(4): 787-792.
• Özkan F (1999) Tatlı Rezenede Bitki Sıklığının Verim ve Verim Öğeleri Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Part II, Second Edition. ASA-SSSA Agronomy No: 9, Madison, WI.
• Seghatoleslami M (2013) Effect of water stress, bio-fertilizer and manure on seed and essential oil yield and some morphological traits of cumin. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 19(6): 1268-1274.
• Semiz GD, Ünlükara A, Yurtseven E, Suarez DL, Telci İ (2012) Salinity impact on yield, water use, mineral and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi – Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18: 177-186.
• Shiranirad AH, Zandi P (2012) The effect of drought stress on qualitative and quantitative traits of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Agriculture 99: 47-54.
• Soil Survey Staff (1992) Keys to Soil Taxonomi. Fifth Edition. SMSS Technical Monograph No: 19, Pocahontas Pres. Inc., Blacksburg.
• Solanki RM, Vasava MS, Gohil BS (2017) Influence of drip irrigation and fertility levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency of drilled rabi fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.). International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 6(3): 1972–1978.
• White DH, Howden SM (2010) Climate and its effects on crop productivity and management. In: Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production, Vol-I, W.H. Verheye (ed.). EOLSS Publishers Co Ltd. pp. 44-78.
• Zardak SG, Dehnavi MM, Salehi A, Gholamhoseini M (2016) Responses of field grown fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) to different mycorrhiza species under varying intensities of drought stress. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 5: 16-25.
• Zhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, Kelly JW, Prentice IC (2013) How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non‐stomatal responses to water stress. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 182: 204-214.