Bazı tahıl kök salgılarının canavar otlarının (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 145 - 150, 01.08.2019

Yasin Emre Kitiş , Jan Hendrik Grenz Joachim Sauerborn

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.546564

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Canavar otu türleri (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) tüm dünyada en
zararlı parazit yabancı ot türleri içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu türler çok
sayıda tohum oluşturarak çoğalırlar. Tohumları, çimlenmenin gerçekleşebilmesi
için konukçuya özgü kimyasal bir maddeye ihtiyaç duyan karmaşık bir dormansi
mekanizmasıyla korunmaktadır. Canavar otu tohumlarının toprakta uzun yıllar
canlı kalabildiği görülmektedir. Tuzak bitki kullanımı ile canavar otu
tohumlarının çimlenmesi teşvik edilerek topraktaki tohum bankasının azaltılması
bu tür yabancı otların mücadelesinde potansiyel bir yöntem olmakla birlikte, bu
yaklaşımın pratikte kullanımı oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Bazı tahıl türlerinin
tuzak bitki olarak potansiyelini araştırmak amacıyla bir seri laboratuar
denemeleri kurulmuş ve tahıl-canavar otu arasındaki etkileşim ile birlikte, Orobanche/Phelipanche tohum bankasına muhtemel etkisi test edilmiştir. Bu
amaçla tahıllardan; buğday, çavdar, arpa, yulaf, mısır, çeltik, darı ve hint
darısı, parazit türlerden ise O. crenata,
O. cumana ve P. ramosa ‘ya ait çeşitli populasyonlar kullanılmıştır. Bezelye,
ayçiçeği ve domates konukçu bitki türü olarak yetiştirilmiştir. Aradaki
etkileşimin belirlenebilmesi için tahıllar ve parazit türler çaprazlama olarak
eşleştirilmiştir. Canavar otlarının çimlenmesini en fazla mısır bitkisinin
teşvik ettiği bulunmuştur. Parazit türler içerisinde ise tahıl kök salgılarının
çimlenmeyi en fazla teşvik ettiği tür P.
ramosa olarak belirlenmiştir. Mısır çeşitleri ve P. ramosa populasyonları arasındaki interaksiyonlar
gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mısır bitkisinin P. ramosa tohumlarının çimlenmesini teşvik ettiğine dair kuvvetli
kanıtlar elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Konukçu-parazit ilişkisi, Teşvik edilmiş çimlenme, Tuzak bitki, Sahte konukçu, Parazit yabancı ot kontrolü

Effects of some cereal root exudates on germination of broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.)

Abstract

Species of broomrape
(Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche
spp.) are among the most damaging parasitic weed species worldwide.
These species reproduce through abundant seed production.
Their seeds are protected by complex dormancy mechanisms, in particular a need
for host-specific chemical germination cues. Broomrape seeds have been shown to
remain viable in the soil for many years. While the depletion of the soil seed
bank, e.g. using trap crops that induce suicide germination of broomrape seeds,
could potentially be a way to control these weeds, the practical uptake of this
approach has remained very limited. To explore the potential of an array of
cereal species to serve as trap crop, laboratory experiments were conducted to
qualitatively check for the existence of cereal-broomrape interactions and to
quantify possible effects on Orobanche/Phelipanche
seed banks. For this purpose, seeds of the following cereals were used:
wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, sorghum and pearl millet. Several
accessions of O. crenata, O. cumana and P. ramosa were used as
parasite species. As host species, pea, sunflower and tomato were grown. Cereal
and parasite species were crosswise-combined to assess interactions. Maize was
found to be most effective in stimulating the germination of the broomrapes.
Among the parasite species, P. ramosa proved most ready to
germinate in the presence of cereal root exudates. The interaction was observed
in various combinations of maize cultivars and P. ramosa accessions. As
a result, strong evidence of germination induction in P. ramosa seeds by
maize was collected.

Keywords

Host-parasite interaction, Induced germination, Trap crop, False host, Parasitic weed control

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