Research Article
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The Effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Liver Transplant Patients

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 102 - 110, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1031528

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted using a prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial model to examine the effect of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) on depression, anxiety, and stress in liver transplant patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with liver transplant patients at a university’s Liver Transplant Institute between June 2021 and December 2021. The sample size of the study was determined as 84 (Experimental group: 42, control group: 42). Personal information form and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to collect data. The data obtained from the research were evaluated with SPSS 25.
Results: In the experimental group, the mean score of DASS-21 was found to be 38.95 ± 11.96 before the NLP application and 25.21 ± 5.43 after the NLP application. It was found statistically significant that the value obtained in the second measurement was lower than the value obtained in the first measurement (p<0.05). It was determined that NLP application significantly decreased all parameters of depression, anxiety, and stress (p<0.05). In the control group, the mean score of DASS-21 was determined as 51.05 ± 7.53 in the first measurement and 52.57 ± 7.92 in the second measurement. It was found statistically significant that the value obtained in the second measurement was higher than the value obtained in the first measurement (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study found that NLP reduced depression, anxiety, and stress in liver transplant patients. In line with this result, it can be suggested that nurse’s benefit from NLP practice and receive training on NLP in managing the depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by liver transplant patients.

References

  • Zhu X, Ming Y, Liu J, Liu L, Cheng K, Mao P. Sleep Quality and Psychosocial Factors in Liver Transplant Recipients at an Outpatient Follow-Up Clinic in China. Annals of Transplantation. 2020;25:e920984-1–e920984-8.
  • Yıldız E. The Relationship Between Anxiety and Intolerance of Uncertainty Levels in Individuals Who Received Liver Transplant: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical Nursing Research. 2021;30(5):548–57.
  • García-Alanís M, Toapanta-Yanchapaxi L, Vilatobá M, Cruz-Martínez R, Contreras AG, López-Yáñez S, et al. Psychosocial evaluation for liver transplantation: A brief guide for gastroenterologists. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition). 2021;86(2):172–87.
  • Annema C, Drent G, Roodbol PF, Stewart RE, Metselaar HJ, Van Hoek B, et al. Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression after Liver Transplantation as Related to Outcomes during 2-Year Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2018;80(2):174–83.
  • Mendes KDS, Lopes ARF, Martins TA, Lopes GF, Ziviani LC, Rossin FM, et al. Relevance of Anxiety and Stress Levels on Sleep Quality After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 2014;46(6):1822–6.
  • HemmatiMaslakpak M, Farhadi M, Fereidoni J. The effect of neuro-linguistic programming on occupational stress in critical care nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2016;21(1):44.
  • Kotera Y, Sheffield D, Van Gordon W. The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2019;30(1):101–16.
  • Kotera Y, Van Gordon W. Japanese managers’ experiences of neuro-linguistic programming: a qualitative investigation. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice. 2019;14(3):174–85.
  • Doğan A, Saritaş S. The effects of neuro-linguistic programming and guided imagery on the pain and comfort after open-heart surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2021;36(7):2389–97.
  • Kotera Y, Sheffield D. NLP for Japanese workers’ mental well-being: pilot study. Mental Health Review Journal. 2019;24(3):183–94.
  • Sheoran P. Effectiveness of NLP in Dealing with Guilt Induced Anxiety, Depression and Stress: A Case Study. In: Makvana S, Patel A, Dhingra A, Parmar V, editors. Mental Health: A Journey from illness to wellness. İndia; 2016. p. 179–88.
  • Karmen C, Hsiung RC, Wetter T. Screening Internet forum participants for depression symptoms by assembling and enhancing multiple NLP methods. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2015;120(1):27–36.
  • Nompo RS, Pragholapati A, Thome AL. Effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on Anxiety: A Systematic Literature Review. KnE Life Sciences. 2021;496–507.
  • Kim H, Bae J. Development and Evaluation of Group Counseling Program using Neurolinguistic Programming for Alcoholics. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2018;27(2):98–109.
  • Kaçmaz N. Karaciğer Nakli Yapılan Hasta ve Hasta Yakınlarının Psikososyal Durumlarının Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi; 2011.
  • Temiz G, Kaya A. Böbrek Nakli Sonrası Bireylerde Görülen Psikososyal Sorunlar ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. Türk Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Hemşireleri Derneği Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi . 2017;2(12):1–6.
  • Antony MM, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Bieling PJ, Swinson RP. Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment. 1998;10(2):176–81.
  • Yıldırım A, Boysan M, Kefeli MC. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2018;46(5):582–95.
  • Bandler R, Grinder J. NLP Değişim İçin Beyninizi Kullanın: Nöro-Linguistik Programlama. 5. Baskı. Çeviri: Akınhay O, editor. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları; 2016.
  • Alpar R. Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinde Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik. 6. Baskı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2020.
  • Karagöz Y. SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı, nitel – nicel – karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık; 2021.
  • Pelgur H, Atak N, Kose K. Anxiety and Depression Levels of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation and Their Need for Training. Transplantation Proceedings. 2009;41(5):1743–8.
  • Wake L, Leighton M. Pilot study using neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in post-combat PTSD. Mental Health Review Journal. 2014;19(4):251–64.
  • Hendriana D, Komarudin K, Mulyana RB. The Application of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) on Cognitive Function and Stress Reduction. Competitor: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga. 2021;13(2):247–61.
  • Anjomshoaa H, Snagui Moharer G, Shirazi M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Training Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neuro-linguistic Programming Strategies on Enhancing Resilience of High School Students in Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;8(8):11877–89.
  • Abdivarmazan M, Sylabkhori Z. Effectiveness of training of Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) strategies on reducing social anxiety. World Scientific News. 2016;60:67–77.
  • Passmore J, Rowson TS. Neuro-linguistic-programming: a critical review of NLP research and the application of NLP in coaching. International Coaching Psychology Review. 2019;14(1):57–69.
  • Carriere J, Shafi H, Brehon K, Manhas KP, Churchill K, Ho C, et al. Case Report: Utilizing AI and NLP to Assist with Healthcare and Rehabilitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 2021;4.
  • Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM, editors. Fundamentals of Nursing . Pennsylvania: Elsevier; 2017.
Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 102 - 110, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1031528

Abstract

References

  • Zhu X, Ming Y, Liu J, Liu L, Cheng K, Mao P. Sleep Quality and Psychosocial Factors in Liver Transplant Recipients at an Outpatient Follow-Up Clinic in China. Annals of Transplantation. 2020;25:e920984-1–e920984-8.
  • Yıldız E. The Relationship Between Anxiety and Intolerance of Uncertainty Levels in Individuals Who Received Liver Transplant: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical Nursing Research. 2021;30(5):548–57.
  • García-Alanís M, Toapanta-Yanchapaxi L, Vilatobá M, Cruz-Martínez R, Contreras AG, López-Yáñez S, et al. Psychosocial evaluation for liver transplantation: A brief guide for gastroenterologists. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition). 2021;86(2):172–87.
  • Annema C, Drent G, Roodbol PF, Stewart RE, Metselaar HJ, Van Hoek B, et al. Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression after Liver Transplantation as Related to Outcomes during 2-Year Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2018;80(2):174–83.
  • Mendes KDS, Lopes ARF, Martins TA, Lopes GF, Ziviani LC, Rossin FM, et al. Relevance of Anxiety and Stress Levels on Sleep Quality After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 2014;46(6):1822–6.
  • HemmatiMaslakpak M, Farhadi M, Fereidoni J. The effect of neuro-linguistic programming on occupational stress in critical care nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2016;21(1):44.
  • Kotera Y, Sheffield D, Van Gordon W. The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2019;30(1):101–16.
  • Kotera Y, Van Gordon W. Japanese managers’ experiences of neuro-linguistic programming: a qualitative investigation. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice. 2019;14(3):174–85.
  • Doğan A, Saritaş S. The effects of neuro-linguistic programming and guided imagery on the pain and comfort after open-heart surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2021;36(7):2389–97.
  • Kotera Y, Sheffield D. NLP for Japanese workers’ mental well-being: pilot study. Mental Health Review Journal. 2019;24(3):183–94.
  • Sheoran P. Effectiveness of NLP in Dealing with Guilt Induced Anxiety, Depression and Stress: A Case Study. In: Makvana S, Patel A, Dhingra A, Parmar V, editors. Mental Health: A Journey from illness to wellness. İndia; 2016. p. 179–88.
  • Karmen C, Hsiung RC, Wetter T. Screening Internet forum participants for depression symptoms by assembling and enhancing multiple NLP methods. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2015;120(1):27–36.
  • Nompo RS, Pragholapati A, Thome AL. Effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on Anxiety: A Systematic Literature Review. KnE Life Sciences. 2021;496–507.
  • Kim H, Bae J. Development and Evaluation of Group Counseling Program using Neurolinguistic Programming for Alcoholics. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2018;27(2):98–109.
  • Kaçmaz N. Karaciğer Nakli Yapılan Hasta ve Hasta Yakınlarının Psikososyal Durumlarının Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi; 2011.
  • Temiz G, Kaya A. Böbrek Nakli Sonrası Bireylerde Görülen Psikososyal Sorunlar ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. Türk Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Hemşireleri Derneği Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi . 2017;2(12):1–6.
  • Antony MM, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Bieling PJ, Swinson RP. Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment. 1998;10(2):176–81.
  • Yıldırım A, Boysan M, Kefeli MC. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2018;46(5):582–95.
  • Bandler R, Grinder J. NLP Değişim İçin Beyninizi Kullanın: Nöro-Linguistik Programlama. 5. Baskı. Çeviri: Akınhay O, editor. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları; 2016.
  • Alpar R. Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinde Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik. 6. Baskı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2020.
  • Karagöz Y. SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı, nitel – nicel – karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık; 2021.
  • Pelgur H, Atak N, Kose K. Anxiety and Depression Levels of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation and Their Need for Training. Transplantation Proceedings. 2009;41(5):1743–8.
  • Wake L, Leighton M. Pilot study using neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in post-combat PTSD. Mental Health Review Journal. 2014;19(4):251–64.
  • Hendriana D, Komarudin K, Mulyana RB. The Application of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) on Cognitive Function and Stress Reduction. Competitor: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga. 2021;13(2):247–61.
  • Anjomshoaa H, Snagui Moharer G, Shirazi M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Training Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neuro-linguistic Programming Strategies on Enhancing Resilience of High School Students in Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;8(8):11877–89.
  • Abdivarmazan M, Sylabkhori Z. Effectiveness of training of Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) strategies on reducing social anxiety. World Scientific News. 2016;60:67–77.
  • Passmore J, Rowson TS. Neuro-linguistic-programming: a critical review of NLP research and the application of NLP in coaching. International Coaching Psychology Review. 2019;14(1):57–69.
  • Carriere J, Shafi H, Brehon K, Manhas KP, Churchill K, Ho C, et al. Case Report: Utilizing AI and NLP to Assist with Healthcare and Rehabilitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 2021;4.
  • Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM, editors. Fundamentals of Nursing . Pennsylvania: Elsevier; 2017.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Runida Doğan 0000-0003-3113-8099

Aysel Doğan 0000-0002-4721-0975

Nazlıcan Bağcı 0000-0001-8914-5465

Publication Date January 1, 2022
Acceptance Date December 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Doğan R, Doğan A, Bağcı N. The Effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Liver Transplant Patients. Med Records. January 2022;4(1):102-110. doi:10.37990/medr.1031528

17741

Chief Editors

Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Türkiye

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