COVID-19 Hastalarında Algılanan Yalnızlık ve Ölüm Kaygısı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 333 - 339, 22.09.2022

Zeliha Büyükbayram , Meyreme Aksoy , Fatma Nas

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1096385

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanılı hastalarda algılanan yalnızlık ve ölüm kaygısı düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve korelasyonel nitelikte yapılan bu çalışma, Ocak-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda yer alan Siirt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini, 18 yaş üzeri COVID-19 tanısı konulan hastalar oluşturdu. Çalışmanın örneklemi ise, herhangi örnekleme seçimi yapılmadan çalışmanın yapıldığı tarihlerde çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 152 hasta oluşturdu. Veriler, hasta bilgi formu, UCLA-Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmış ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklemler t testi, Mann Whitney-U testi, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların yalnızlık ve ölüm kaygısı puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 44.26 10.12 ve 8.65 3.23’tür. Yalnızlık ve ölüm kaygısı puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmada, hastaların orta düzeyde yalnızlık ve ölüm kaygısı yaşadığı saptandı. Algılanan yalnızlığın ölüm korkusunu artırdığı belirlendi.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Investigation of Perceived Loneliness and Death Anxiety Levels in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Aim: The study was conducted to investigation of perceived loneliness and death anxiety levels in COVID-19 patients.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out in Siirt Education and Research Hospital, located in southeastern Turkey, between January and April 2021. The population of the study consisted of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 over the age of 18. The sample of the study consisted of 152 patients who agreed to participate in the study at the time of the study without any sampling selection. The data were collected using an patient information form, the UCLA-Loneliness Scale and the Death Anxiety Scale and evaluated using descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, Mann Whitney-U test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results: The loneliness and death anxiety mean scores of the patients were 44.26 10.12 and 8.65 3.23, respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation between their loneliness and death anxiety mean scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the patients experienced moderate levels of loneliness and death anxiety. It was determined that perceived loneliness increased the fear of death.

Keywords

COVID-19, Death anxiety, Loneliness

Project Number

yok

References

• Lo Coco G, Gentile A, Bosnar K, et al. A Cross-Country Examination on the Fear of COVID-19 and the Sense of Loneliness during the First Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5). doi:10.3390/ijerph18052586
• WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Published 2020. Accessed September 10, 2020. https://covid19.who.int
• Palgi Y, Shrira A, Ring L, et al. The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:109-111. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.036
• Hwang TJ, Rabheru K, Peisah C, Reichman W, Ikeda M. Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Psychogeriatr. Published online 2020:1-4. doi:10.1017/S1041610220000988
• Rossi A, Panzeri A, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Mannarini S. The Anxiety-Buffer Hypothesis in the Time of COVID-19: When Self-Esteem Protects From the Impact of Loneliness and Fear on Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychol. 2020;11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177
• Enea V, Eisenbeck N, Petrescu TC, Carreno DF. Perceived Impact of Quarantine on Loneliness, Death Obsession, and Preoccupation With God: Predictors of Increased Fear of COVID-19. Front Psychol. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643977
• Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health. 2020;186:31-34. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.036
• Lucchetti G, Góes LG, Amaral SG, et al. Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. Published online January 1, 2020. doi:10.1177/0020764020970996
• Bergman YS, Shrira A, Palgi Y, Shmotkin D. The Moderating Role of the Hostile-World Scenario in the Connections Between COVID-19 Worries, Loneliness, and Anxiety. Front Psychol. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645655
• Çetin C, Anuk Ö. Covıd-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yalnızlık Ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılık: Bir Kamu Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneklemi. Avrasya Sos Ve Ekon Araştırmaları Derg. 2020;7(5):170-189.
• Benke C, Autenrieth LK, Asselmann E, Pané-Farré CA. Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113462. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462
• Groarke JM, Berry E, Graham-Wisener L, McKenna-Plumley PE, McGlinchey E, Armour C. Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239698
• McGinty EE, Presskreischer R, Han H, Barry CL. Psychological Distress and Loneliness Reported by US Adults in 2018 and April 2020. JAMA. 2020;324(1):93-94. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9740
• Li LZ, Wang S. Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113267. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113267
• Turhan EH. Ölüm Sosyolojisi Ekseninde Ölüm Kaygısı Ve Koronavirüs. Habitus Toplumbilim Derg. 2021;2(2):85-101.
• Yıldırım M, Güler A. Positivity explains how COVID-19 perceived risk increases death distress and reduces happiness. Personal Individ Differ. 2021;168:110347. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110347
• Templer DI. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. J Gen Psychol. 1970;82(2):165-177. doi:10.1080/00221309.1970.9920634
• Akça F, Köse İA. Ölüm kaygisi ölçgeğinin uyarlanmasi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. [Adaptation of Death Anxiety Scale (DAS): Validity and reliability studies.]. Klin Psikiyatri Derg J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;11(1):7-16.
• Russell D, Peplau LA, Ferguson ML. Developing a measure of loneliness. J Pers Assess. 1978;42(3):290-294. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
• Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE. The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;39(3):472-480. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
• Russell DW. UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess. 1996;66(1):20-40. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
• Demir A. UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Published online 1989. Accessed February 20, 2021. https://avesis.metu.edu.tr/yayin/9b5b3cdb-7401-442b-9db3-cf9ff42c2e6a/ucla-yalnizlik-olceginin-gecerlik-ve-guvenirligi
• Thunström L, Newbold SC, Finnoff D, Ashworth M, Shogren JF. The Benefits and Costs of Using Social Distancing to Flatten the Curve for COVID-19. J Benefit-Cost Anal. Published online 2020:1-17. doi:10.1017/bca.2020.12
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
• Wang A, Zhao W, Xu Z, Gu J. Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;162:108118. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108118
• Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis IJID Off Publ Int Soc Infect Dis. 2020;94:91-95. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
• Gülbahar M, Gök Meti̇n Z. Koronavirüs-19’un Kardiyovasküler Sistem Üzerine Etkileri. Eff Coronavirus-19 Cardiovasc Syst. 2020;12(2):305-314. doi:10.5336/nurses.2020-75550
• Şahan E. Hasta penceresinden Covid-19 tanısıyla tek başına bir hastane odasında olmak: nitel çalışma. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46(1):223-232.
• Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Eisazadeh F, Aghajanbigloo S. Psychological consequences of patients with coronavirus (COVID- 19): A Qualitative Study. Iran J Health Psychol. 2020;2(2):9-20. doi:10.30473/ijohp.2020.52395.1074
• Indacochea-Cáceda S, Torres-Malca JR, Vera-Ponce VJ, Pérez MA, Cruz-Vargas JADL. Fear and death anxiety among Latin American doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic. medRxiv. Published online February 17, 2021:2021.02.12.21251445. doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.21251445
• Sandalci B, Uyaroğlu OA, Güven GS. COVID-19’da Kronik Hastalıkların Rolü, Önemi ve Öneriler. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalık Ve Klin Mikrobiyoloji Derg. 2020;25(2):132-138. doi:10.5578/flora.69700
• Gürsu O, Bayındır S. Covid-19 Hastalığını Geçiren Sağlık Çalışanlarının Başa Çıkma Sürecinde Din ve Maneviyat. 2021;6(1):41.
• Keski̇n G, Dülgerler Ş, Engi̇n E, Bi̇lge A, Özer S, Peker S. Death Anxıety In The Elderly: Relatıon To Partıcıpatıon In Daıly Lıfe. Türk Geriatri Derg. 2018;21(3):383-393. doi:10.31086/tjgeri.2018344053