Assessment of Periodontal Disease and the Presence of Pulp Stone: Retrospective Radiologic Study

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 223 - 7, 15.05.2023

Hatice Yemenoğlu , Taha Köse , Dilara Nil Günaçar , Ahmet Taylan Çebi

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1169506

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the presence of pulp stones using panoramic radiographies.
Material and Methods: The study included 96 individuals aged 18-45 years. The patients were divided into four groups as control (periodontally healthy), gingivitis, stage 1-2 periodontitis and stage 3-4 periodontitis. The patients' panoramic radiographs and dental examination records were evaluated retrospectively and any pulp stones were recorded. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the presence of pulp stones and other parameters.
Results: Evaluating the findings on a patient basis, the highest pulp stones were seen in the stage 3-4 (79.2%) group, and the least pulp stones were observed in the control group (20.8%). There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and the gingivitis group (p=0.017), the control group and the stage 3-4 group (p<0.001), and the stage 1-2 and stage 3-4 groups (p=0.001). On a tooth basis, the most pulp stones were observed in the stage 3-4 (14.9%) group, and the least pulp stones were observed in the control group (1.7%).
Conclusion: The severity of periodontitis was associated with increased pulp stones. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with endodontic-periodontal problems should be carefully planned accordingly. The presence of pulp stones, which can complicate accessing root canals in endodontic treatment, should be comprehensively investigated.

Keywords

Pulp stone, periodontitis, panoramic radiography, periodontal disease, calcification

References

• Bender IB, Seltzer S. The effect of periodontal disease on the pulp. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1972;33:458-474.
• Gautam S, Galgali SR, Sheethal HS, Priya NS. Pulpal changes associated with advanced periodontal disease: A histopathological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2017;21:58-63.
• Hamasha AA-H, Darwazeh A. Prevalence of pulp stones in Jordanian adults. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86:730-732.
• Goga R, Chandler NP, Oginni AO. Pulp stones: a review. Int Endod J. 2008;41:457-468.
• İlday NO, Miloglu O, Demirtas O, et al. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in patients who presented to Ataturk University Faculty of Dentistry department of oral diagnosis and radiology. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2014;48:9-16.
• Tassoker M. Evaluation of the relationship between sleep bruxism and pulpal calcifications in young women: A clinico-radiological study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018;48(4):277-281.
• Sezgin B, Cakan EF, Erdem TL. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence and distribution of pulp calcification. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2011;45:49-55.
• Lazzaretti DN, Bortoluzzi GS, Fernandes LFT, et al. Histologic evaluation of human pulp tissue after orthodontic intrusion. J Endod. 2014;40:1537-1540.
• Aydın ZU, Kosumcu S, Ustaoglu G, et al. Radiographic evaluation of the presence of pulp stone in aggressive periodontitis patients (in Turkish). Acta Odontol Turc. 2019;36:1-6.
• Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S159-S72.
• Edds AC, Walden JE, Scheetz JP, et al. Pilot study of correlation of pulp stones with cardiovascular disease. J Endod. 2005;31:504-506.
• Pettiette MT, Zhong S, Moretti AJ, Khan AA. Potential correlation between statins and pulp chamber calcification. J Endod. 2013;39:1119-1123.
• Bauss O, Neter D, Rahman A. Prevalence of pulp calcifications in patients with Marfan syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106:e56-e61.
• Gulsahi A, Cebeci AI, Ozden S. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a group of Turkish dental patients. Int Endod J. 2009;42:735-739.
• Colak H, Celebi AA, Hamidi MM, et al. Assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a sample of Turkish Central Anatolian population. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012.
• Sener S, Cobankara FK, Akgunlu F. Calcifications of the pulp chamber: prevalence and implicated factors. Clin Oral Investig. 2009;13:209-215.
• Sisman Y, Aktan AM, Tarım-Ertas E, et al. The prevalence of pulp stones in a Turkish population. A radiographic survey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17(2):e212-e217.
• Sheykh RMS, Eshghyar NA, Khoushkhounezhad AA, Khoshkhounejad M. Evaluation of histopathologic changes of dental pulp in advanced periodontal diseases. Acta Med Iran. 2007;45:51-57.
• Fatemi K, Disfani R, Zare R, et al. Influence of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis on dental pulp. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16:558-561.
• Kannan S, Kannepady SK, Muthu K, et al. Radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in Malaysians. J Endod. 2015;41:333-337.
• Gutmann JL. Prevalence, location, and patency of accessory canals in the furcation region of permanent molars. J Periodontol. 1978;49:21-26.
• Zuza EP, Toledo BEC, Hetem S, et al. Prevalence of different types of accessory canals in the furcation area of third molars. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1755-1761.
• Dammaschke T, Witt M, Ott K, Schäfer E. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of incidence, location, and size of accessory foramina in primary and permanent molars. Quintessence Int. 2004;35:699-705.
• Meng HX. Periodontic‐endodontic lesions. Annals of Periodontology. 1999;4:84-89.
• Ranjitkar S, Taylor JA, Townsend GC. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in Australians. Aust Dent J. 2002;47:36-40.
• Wan L, Lu HB, Xuan DY, et al. Histological changes within dental pulps in teeth with moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis. Int Endod. J 2015;48:95-102.