Research Article
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Analysis of Google Trends for Viral Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 627 - 31, 18.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1297452

Abstract

Aim: Our main objective in this study was to rigorously measure global interest and awareness of viral hepatitis through a systematic evaluation of data collected from Google Trends.
Material and Methods: We compiled and categorized the Search Volume Index (SVI), a quantitative measure covering the global regional distribution associated with the search terms "Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis D" and "Hepatitis E" over a period of approximately ten years from 2013 to 2022.
Results: According to our analysis, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in Hepatitis A and B, while interest in Hepatitis C has declined after peaking in 2015. Meanwhile, interest in Hepatitis D and E continued to show a very low profile. Our rigorous research found that Guatemala recorded the highest rate of interest for Hepatitis A, Ghana for Hepatitis B, Pakistan for Hepatitis C, Kyrgyzstan for Hepatitis D and Namibia for Hepatitis E. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential for using tools such as Google Trends in organizing public health monitoring and awareness campaigns.

References

  • 1. Carneiro HA, Mylonakis E. Google trends: a web-based tool for real-time surveillance of disease outbreaks. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1557-64.
  • 2. Lavanchy D. Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:107-15.
  • 3. Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology. 2013;57:1333-42.
  • 4. World Health Organization. Hepatitis A. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a access date 14.02.2023
  • 5. Poushter J, Bishop C, Chwe H. Social media use continues to rise in developing countries but plateaus across developed ones. Pew Research Center. 2018.
  • 6. Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, et al. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet. 2015;386:1546-55.
  • 7. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b access date 14.02.2023
  • 8. World Health Organization. Hepatitis C. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c access date 14.02.2023
  • 9. Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, et al. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5:e1192-e1207. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2017.
  • 10. Rizzetto M. Hepatitis D virus: introduction and epidemiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;5:a021576.
  • 11. Chen HY, Shen DT, Ji DZ, et al. Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2019;68:512-21.
  • 12. World Health Organization. Hepatitis E. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e access date 10.05.2023
  • 13. Rein DB, Stevens GA, Theaker J, et al. The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005. Hepatology. 2012;55:988-97.
Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 627 - 31, 18.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1297452

Abstract

References

  • 1. Carneiro HA, Mylonakis E. Google trends: a web-based tool for real-time surveillance of disease outbreaks. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1557-64.
  • 2. Lavanchy D. Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:107-15.
  • 3. Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology. 2013;57:1333-42.
  • 4. World Health Organization. Hepatitis A. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a access date 14.02.2023
  • 5. Poushter J, Bishop C, Chwe H. Social media use continues to rise in developing countries but plateaus across developed ones. Pew Research Center. 2018.
  • 6. Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, et al. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet. 2015;386:1546-55.
  • 7. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b access date 14.02.2023
  • 8. World Health Organization. Hepatitis C. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c access date 14.02.2023
  • 9. Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, et al. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5:e1192-e1207. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2017.
  • 10. Rizzetto M. Hepatitis D virus: introduction and epidemiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;5:a021576.
  • 11. Chen HY, Shen DT, Ji DZ, et al. Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2019;68:512-21.
  • 12. World Health Organization. Hepatitis E. 2021. https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e access date 10.05.2023
  • 13. Rein DB, Stevens GA, Theaker J, et al. The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005. Hepatology. 2012;55:988-97.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Cihan Semet 0000-0003-2210-820X

Early Pub Date September 18, 2023
Publication Date September 18, 2023
Acceptance Date August 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Semet C. Analysis of Google Trends for Viral Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Med Records. September 2023;5(3):627-31. doi:10.37990/medr.1297452

17741

Chief Editors

Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Türkiye

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