Investigation of the Relationship Between Kinesiophobia and Pain, Quality of Life and Physical Functions in Osteoarthritis Patients

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 382 - 388, 24.09.2024

Ahmet Serhat Genç , Enes Akdemir , Berna Anıl , Esra Korkmaz , Yavuz Selim Karatekin , Harun Altınayak , Coşkun Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1515325

Abstract

Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative joint disease that is characterised by joint pain and stiffness. The development of kinesiophobia is common in OA patients, especially related to pain and loss of function. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between kinesiophobia and pain, quality of life and physical functions in patients with knee OA.
Material and Method: A total of 60 patients (30 females and 30 males, aged 40-65 years) diagnosed with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 2 and 3 OA participated in this cross-sectional study. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scales and Timed Up and Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), The Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test (5STS) and Stair-Climbing Test (SCT) functional tests were performed.
Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the male and female groups in all scales and functional test results, with the exception of TSK (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between kinesiophobia and SCT in the female group, while a negative correlation was found between TUG and SF-12 PCS in the male group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that, in general, kinesiophobia was not significantly correlated with pain, knee score, balance, quality of life and functional tests in male and female OA patients. However, some scales and tests showed positive and negative correlations with kinesiophobia in both groups, although limited.

Keywords

Osteoarthritis, kinesiophobia, pain, quality of life, physical function

References

• Creamer P, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Hochberg MC. Where does it hurt? Pain localization in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998;6:318-23.
• Kılınç H. Can fear of movement, depression and functional performance be a predictor of physical activity level in patients with knee osteoarthritis?. Arch Rheumatol. 2019;34:274-80.
• Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1957;16:494-502.
• Selçuk MA, Karakoyun A. Is there a relationship between kinesiophobia and physical activity level in patients with knee osteoarthritis?. Pain Med. 2020;21:3458-69.
• Bannuru RR, Schmid CH, Kent DM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:46-54.
• Filardo G, Kon E, Longo UG, et al. Non-surgical treatments for the management of early osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24:1775-85.
• Cudejko T, van der Esch M, Schrijvers J, et al. The immediate effect of a soft knee brace on dynamic knee instability in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57:1735-42.
• Cherian J, Kapadia B, Bhave A, et al. Use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device in early osteoarthritis of the knee. J Knee Surg. 2014;28:321-7.
• Cutolo M, Berenbaum F, Hochberg M, et al. Commentary on recent therapeutic guidelines for osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015;44:611-7.
• Kumar H, Pal CP, Sharma YK, et al. Epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis using Kellgren and Lawrence scale in Indian population. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020;11:S125-9.
• van der Straaten R, Wesseling M, Jonkers I, et al. Functional movement assessment by means of inertial sensor technology to discriminate between movement behaviour of healthy controls and persons with knee osteoarthritis. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2020;17:65.
• Neelapala YVR, Reddy YRS, Danait R. Effect of mulligan’s posterolateral glide on shoulder rotator strength, scapular upward rotation in shoulder pain subjects-a randomized controlled trial. J Musculoskelet Res. 2016;19:1650014.
• Aydemir B, Huang C, Foucher KC. Strength and physical activity in osteoarthritis: The mediating role of kinesiophobia. J Orthop Res. 2022;40:1135-42.
• Ferreira RM, Duarte JA, Gonçalves RS. Non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions to manage patients with knee osteoarthritis: an umbrella review. Acta Reumatol Port. 2018;43:182-200.
• Dunlop DD, Semanik P, Song J, et al. Moving to maintain function in knee osteoarthritis: evidence from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:714-21.
• Lee J, Chang RW, Ehrlich-Jones L, et al. Sedentary behavior and physical function: objective evidence from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67:366-73.
• Wallis JA, Webster KE, Levinger P, Taylor NF. What proportion of people with hip and knee osteoarthritis meet physical activity guidelines? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2013;21:1648-59.
• Stubbs B, Hurley M, Smith T. What are the factors that influence physical activity participation in adults with knee and hip osteoarthritis? A systematic review of physical activity correlates. Clin Rehabil. 2015;29:80-94.
• Smith BW, Zautra AJ. The effects of anxiety and depression on weekly pain in women with arthritis. Pain. 2008;138:354-61.
• Fisher NM, Pendergast DR. Reduced muscle function in patients with osteoarthritis. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1997;29:213-21.
• Asiri F, Reddy RS, Tedla JS, et al. Kinesiophobia and its correlations with pain, proprioception, and functional performance among individuals with chronic neck pain. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0254262.
• Ishak NA, Zahari Z, Justine M. Kinesiophobia, pain, muscle functions, and functional performances among older persons with low back pain. Pain Res Treat. 2017;2017:3489617.
• Benyon K, Hill S, Zadurian N, Mallen C. Coping strategies and self-efficacy as predictors of outcome in osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Musculoskeletal Care. 2010;8:224-36.
• Somers TJ, Keefe FJ, Pells JJ, et al. Pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in osteoarthritis patients: relationships to pain and disability. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009;37:863-72.
• Alshahrani MS, Reddy RS, Tedla JS, et al. Association between kinesiophobia and knee pain intensity, joint position sense, and functional performance in individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis. Healthcare. 2022;10:120.
• Uçurum SG, Tekin T, Kacmaz KS, et al. Investigation of the relationship between osteoarthritis severity, pain, lower extremity muscle strength, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;8:1019-25.
• Paolillo AR, Paolillo FR, João JP, et al. Synergic effects of ultrasound and laser on the pain relief in women with hand osteoarthritis. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:279-86.
• Bindawas SM, Vennu V, Alfhadel S, et al. Knee pain and health-related quality of life among older patients with different knee osteoarthritis severity in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0196150.
• Elbaz A, Mor A, Segal G, et al. Novel classification of knee osteoarthritis severity based on spatiotemporal gait analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22:457-63.
• Padave N, Panhale V, Walankar P. Correlation of pain, physical function and balance with kinesiophobia in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2023;13:13-7.
• Acar M, Sönmezer E, Yosmaoğlu HB. Factors associated with kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Aktuelle Rheumatol. 2022;47:356-62.
• Gür O, Başar S, Esen E, et al. The Relationship of kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing with pain, range of motion, muscle strength and function in osteoarthritis. Int J Disabil Sport Heal Sci. 2021;4:130-9.
• Lluch Girbés E, Nijs J, Torres-Cueco R, López Cubas C. Pain treatment for patients with osteoarthritis and central sensitization. Phys Ther. 2013;93:842-51.
• King CD, Sibille KT, Goodin BR, et al. Experimental pain sensitivity differs as a function of clinical pain severity in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013;21:1243-52.
• Baert IAC, Meeus M, Mahmoudian A, et al. Do psychosocial factors predict muscle strength, pain, or physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis?. J Clin Rheumatol. 2017;23:308-16.
• Alaca N. The relationships between pain beliefs and kinesiophobia and clinical parameters in Turkish patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69:823-7.
• Lentz TA, George SZ, Manickas-Hill O, et al. What general and pain-associated psychological distress phenotypes exist among patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020;478:2768-83.
• Ekediegwu EC, Akpaenyi CE, Nwosu IB, Onyeso OK. Demographic and disease characteristics associated with pain intensity, kinesiophobia, balance, and fall self-efficacy among people with osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:544.