Investigation of the Effects of Pendimethalin on Liver and Kidney Tissue in Mice by Histological Methods

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 263 - 267, 15.01.2025

Yusuf Ersan , Nurdan Tuğba İşçen

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1565351

Abstract

Aim: Pesticides, which provide many benefits in terms of production and yield, can also be toxic substances that can harm human health. In this study, the effects of pendimethalin (PND), a type of pesticide, on the liver and kidney tissue of mice were examined by histopathological methods.
Material and Method: A total of 30 mice were used in our study. They were divided into 5 groups, 6 mice in the control group and 6 mice in the other groups. One of the groups was reserved as the control group. No application was made to the control group. Group I received 0.1 mg/l PND, group II received 0.2 mg/l PND intraperitoneally on the 1st and 3rd days of the study. Group III received 0.1 mg/l PND intraperitoneally and 0.1 mg/l vitamin A and C orally, group IV received 0.2 mg/l PND intraperitoneally and 0.1 mg/l vitamin A and C orally on the 1st and 3rd days of our study. On the 4th day of our study, the experimental animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation method under general anaesthesia. Liver and kidney tissues of the mice were histopathologically examined under light microscope.
Results: In our study, sinusoidal enlargement and vascular congestion were observed in the liver tissue of the I. experimental group, while tubular dilatation and intertubular vascular congestion were observed in the kidney tissue. In the second experimental group, in addition to the similar findings in the first experimental group, an increase in the number of pyknotic nuclei and Kuppfer cells in the liver tissue and loss of cells and disrupted areas in the tubules in the kidney tissue were observed. In addition, the findings in this group were more pronounced. In the third experimental group, histopathological findings were similar to those in the first group. Similarly, the findings in experimental group IV and experimental group II, which were given vitamin A and C, were similar.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings showed that PND negatively affected the histology of liver and kidney of mice. Vitamins A and C did not contribute positively to these histopathological findings.

Keywords

Liver tissue, kidney tissue, pendimethalin, histopathology

Ethical Statement

For this study, Saki Yenilli Experimental Animal Production and Application Laboratory Permission for the study was obtained with the decision of the Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (Decision No: 07- 24.04.2019)

Supporting Institution

The study was conducted with project code 2069 at Karabük University Supported by the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit.

Project Number

The study was conducted with project code 2069 at Karabük University Supported by the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit.

Thanks

Karabuk University supported the study with project code no. 2069 I would like to thank the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit.

References

• Öztürk S. Tarım İlaçları, 1st edition. Hasad Publishing, İstanbul. 1990; 231-418.
• Sternberg SS. The carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and teratogenesis of insecticides: Review of studies in animals and man. Pharmacol Ther. 1979;6:147-66.
• Asman, WA, Jorgenson A, Bossi R, et al. Wet deposition of pesticides and nitrophenols at two sites in Denmark: measurements and contributions from regional sources. Chemosphere. 2005; 59:1023-31.
• Barba-Brioso C, Fernandez-Cliani JC, Miras A, et al. Multi-source water pollution in a highly anthropized wetland system associated with the estuary of Huelva (SW Spain). Mar Pollut Bull. 2010;60:1259-69.
• Akbulut GB. ome biochemical changes in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant exposed to pendimethalin stress. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;23:90-8.
• Larson SJ, Gilliom RJ, Capel PD. Pesticides in streams of the United States--initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey. 1999;98:4222.
• Haksevenler BHG, Aytış EA, Dilaver M. Identification, reduction and management of pesticides in surface waters, a case study for Gediz Basin. DEUFMD. 2019; 21:83-96.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. R.E.D. FACTS, Pendimethalin. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, 1997. https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastemin/web/pdf/pendmeth.pdf access date 01.10.2024.
• Sarıgöl Z. Genotoxicity assessment and epigenetic evaluation of dinitroaniline herbicides. Ph.D. Thesis Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2015.
• Alavanja MC, Dosemeci M, Samanic C, et al. Pesticides and lung cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:876-85.
• Andreotti G, Freeman LE, Hou L, et al. Agricultural pesticide use and pancreatic cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort. Int J Cancer. 2009;124:2495-500.
• Hou L, Lee WJ, Rusiecki J, et al. Pendimethalin exposure and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators. Epidemiology. 2006;17:302-7.
• Ahmad MI, Usman A, Ahmad M. Computational study involving identification of endocrine disrupting potential of herbicides: Its implication in TDS and cancer progression in CRPC patients. Chemosphere. 2017;173:395-403.
• Atasoy DA, Rastgeldi C. Şanlıurfa pestisit kullanımı. In: GAP V. Mühendislik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Şanlıurfa Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi; Şanlıurfa. 2006;1462-7.
• Masutti CSMi, Mermut AR. Fate of fipronil in soils under sugar cane cultivation from the Northeast of Brazil: sorption and degradation, 2023. doi: 10.60502/SoilData/WHZL2K.
• Tabassum H, Ashafaq M, Khan J, et al. Short term exposure of pendimethalin induces biochemical and histological perturbations in liver, kidney and gill of freshwater fish. Ecological Indicators. 2016;63:29-36.
• Ecobichon DJ. Pesticide use in developing countries. Toxicology. 2001;160:27-33.
• Yorulmaz S, Ay R. The enzymes playing role in detoxification of the pesticides in mites and insects. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University. 2010;24:137-48.
• Mercan U. Importance of Free Radicals in Toxicology. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2004;15:91-6.
• Mates JM. Effects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Toxicology. 2000;153:83-104.
• Miller CM, Valentine RL, Roehl ME, Alvarez PJ. Chemical and microbiological assessment of pendimethalin-contaminated soil after treatment with Fenton's reagent. Wat Res. 1996;30:79-2586.
• El-Sharkawy NI, Reda RM, El-Araby IE. Assessment of Stomp® (Pendimethalin) toxicity on Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of American Science. 2011;7:568-76.
• Ansari SM, Saquib Q, Attia SM, et al. Pendimethalin induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction to trigger apoptosis in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018;149:127-41.
• Ahmad MI, Zafeer MF, Javed M, et al. Pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and activation of anti-inflammatory and apoptotic markers in male rats. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17139.
• Hamed HS, El-Sayed YS. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish Physiol Biochem. 2019;45:71-82.