Türkiye’de Yaşayan Çeçen Mülteci Kadınların Travmaları: Anlam Kurma ve Başa Çıkma Stratejileri

Year 2018, , 145 - 170, 01.12.2018

Hatice Ekici

https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0044

Abstract

Bu araştırma, savaşın ortaya çıkardığı sıkıntıları ve özellikle travmatik kayıp yaşamış Türkiye’de yaşayan Çeçen mülteci kadınların deneyimlerini anlamlandırabilmelerini ele almaktadır. Daha özelde ise bu kadınların anlam kurma ve başa çıkma stratejileri ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri 13 Çeçen mülteci kadın ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların anlatıları, Çeçen kadınların kırılgan ve sıkıntılı hâle geldiklerini göstermektedir. Savaşın travmatik deneyimlerine yanıt olarak, travmatik anılarıyla baş edebilmek için kaynak sağladığından dolayı, dinî inançlarını kuvvetlendirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Çeçen kadınlarının anlam kurma ve başa çıkma stratejileri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda tekrarlanan 10 tema bulunmuştur. Bunlar şunlardır: dinî ibadetlerin arttırılması, Allah’ın iradesine teslim olmak, Elhamdulillah, savaşın sebeplerine yönelik teolojik izahlar, travmatik deneyimleri kişisellikten çıkarmak, bir kişiyi şehit olarak nitelendirmenin unsurları, şehitlikten beklenen faydalar, şehitlik mertebesine erişmek, şehitliği idealize etmek ve zorunlu bir mutluluk anlatısı. Zorunlu mutluluk anlatısı dışındaki başa çıkma stratejileri, Çeçen kadınların önemli başa çıkma ve yılmazlık kaynakları olarak bulunmuştur. Ancak zorunlu mutluluk anlatısının bu kadınların iyileşme süreçlerine engel oluyor gibi görünmektedir.

Keywords

Rus-Çeçen çatışması • Mülteciler • Travma • Başa çıkma stratejileri • Din

The Trauma of Chechen Refugee Women Living in Turkey: Meaning-Making and Coping Strategies

Abstract

This research aims to explore how Chechen refugee women living in Turkey who have lived through the distress of war and traumatic loss in particular make sense of their experience. More specifically, it examines these women’s meaning-making and coping strategies. The semi-structured interviews with 13 Chechen refugee women have provided the main data of this research. Interpretive phenomenological analysis has been used to analyze the data. The analysis of the accounts shows Chechen women to have become vulnerable and distressed. In response to the traumatic experiences of war, they have deepened their religious beliefs, as these beliefs provide resources for dealing with their traumatic memories. In consideration of the meaning-making and coping strategies of the Chechen women in this study, 10 recurrent themes have been found: increased religious service, submitting to the will of God, Alhamdulillah, theological explanations for the causes of war, depersonalizing traumatic experiences, what qualifies one as a martyr, the expected benefits of martyrdom, earning the honor of this martyrdom, idealizing the martyr, and a narrative of obliged happiness. All coping strategies except the narrative of obliged happiness have been found as important resources for coping and resilience for Chechen women. The narrative of obligatory happiness, however appears to interfere with these women’s healing processes.

Keywords

The Russian-Chechen conflict • Refugees • Trauma • Coping strategies • Religion

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