Kentsel Yeşil Alan Kalitesinin LiDAR Nokta Bulutu Verileri Kullanılarak Haritalanması

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 23 - 33, 24.12.2020

Derya Gülçin

Abstract

Yapı yoğunluğu ve vejetasyon karakteristiklerini dikkate alan kentsel peyzaj çalışmalarında, üç boyutlu veri kullanılarak yeşil alanların mekânsal bağlantılığın kentsel yeşil alan kalitesi ile nasıl bütünleştirileceği konusunda yapılmış çalışma oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu araştırma, son on yılda yapılaşma hızının yüksek olduğu bir kampüs alanı ve yakın çevresinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın temel amacı, kentsel yeşil alanların mekânsal dağılımını, bağlantılılık konsepti çerçevesinde analiz etmek ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkilendirmektir. Araştırma kapsamında, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) nokta bulutu verileri kullanılarak hem yapı hem de vejetasyon karakteristikleri dikkate alınmış, nokta başına düşen hacim hesaplamaları yapılmış ve kentsel vejetasyon indeksi (KVI) haritası oluşturulmuştur. Mekânsal bağlantılılığı sağlayan habitat ünitelerinden merkez ve koridorlar morfolojik mekânsal patern analizi ile belirlenerek KVI ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuç haritası, kampüs alanındaki yeşil alanların yakın çevresindeki doğal alanlarla bir bütün olarak ele alınıp tasarlandığını göstermektedir. Araştırma alanındaki yeşil alanların %60,1’inin çok yüksek; %10,39’unun yüksek, %12,22’sinin orta, %7,16’sının düşük, %9,29’unu çok düşük kalitede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Herhangi bir kalite değerine sahip olmayan yeşil alanlar ise, araştırma alanının %0,83’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, hızlı yapılaşmaya karşın kentsel yeşil alanların araştırma alanında göreceli olarak dengeli dağıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın özgün yönü, LiDAR nokta bulutu verileri kullanılarak kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin nasıl haritaya aktarılabileceğini gösteren bir yöntem akışı sunmasıdır.

Keywords

Kentsel Peyzaj, LiDAR, Uzaktan Algılama, Kentsel Vejetasyon İndeksi, Kentsel Ormancılık

Supporting Institution

Tübitak

Project Number

2219

Thanks

Bu araştırma, Tübitak 2219-Yurt Dışı Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Burs Programı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Tübitak’a vermiş olduğu destek için çok teşekkür ederim. GuidosToolbox yazılımının geliştiricisi Dr. Peter Vogt’a yeşil alanların mekânsal dağılımı ve bağlantılılığı hakkında verdiği teknik destekten dolayı teşekkür ederim. UBC Kampüs Planlama Komitesi’ne, araştırma alanındaki yapı bilgisini sağladığı için teşekkürler.

Mapping the Spatial Quality of Urban Green Spaces Using LiDAR Data

Abstract

Studies on how to map the spatial connectivity of urban green spaces using three-dimensional data that take into account life quality and vegetation characteristics are limited. This research was carried out on a campus and its environs where the construction rate of new buildings was high in the last decade. The main purpose of the research was to map the spatial quality of urban green spaces associated with the ecological connectivity. Within the scope of the research, both building density and vegetation characteristics were taken into consideration by using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data, the volumes of buildings and vegetation types were computed, and an Urban Vegetation Index (UVI) map was created. Core and bridge areas that provided spatial connectivity were determined by MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis), and they were associated with UVI. The results suggest that the green spaces in the campus area were designed to enhance connectivity with the natural areas surrounding the campus. It was determined that 60.1% of the green spaces in the research area provided very high, 10.39% high, 12.22% medium, 7.16% low, and 9.29% very low quality respectively. Areas that did not provide quality constitute 0.83% of the research area. In addition, despite the rapid construction, it has been observed that the urban green spaces were relatively evenly distributed in the research area. The novelty of this study is to present a methodological approach to mapping the spatial connectivity of urban green spaces using LiDAR data.

Keywords

Urban landscape, LiDAR, Remote Sensing, Urban Vegetation Index, Urban Forestry

Project Number

2219

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