Protein Analysis of Anzer Bee Pollen by Bradford Method

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 21 - 32, 31.10.2017

ÖMÜR Gençay Çelemli , NEZAHAT PINAR Barkan ÇİĞDEM Özenirler , Duygu Özel Demiralp KADRİYE Sorkun

Abstract

The aim
of this work is to determine the plants that are foraged by honeybees in Anzer
Plateau and to evaluate the protein content of the pollen samples. Within the context of the study, pollen
samples were collected from two different bee farms located in the Anzer Plateau
during the period June-August, 2013 by using traps in honey bee hives.

The pollen loads of
the bees were firstly classified according
to their color. The origin of plants was determined in
family and/or genus level according to microscopical analyses. Total
protein content of pollen
samples was
determined by
using Bradford method. As a result of palynological analysis, it
was found that the protein content of the Anzer pollen samples
were found between the range of 3.2-17.6 g/100g. Geraniaceae
family was found
as the mostly preferred taxon as a foraged plant. According to our findings, its
protein content is determined to be found between 5-7.8 g/100g according to the
collection date and location.  

Keywords

Bee pollen, protein analysis, Bradford method, palynological analysis

References

• [1]DONG, J., GAO, K., WANG, K., XU, X. & ZHANG, H. 2015. Cell Wall Disruption of Rape Bee Pollen Treated with Combination of Protamex Hydrolysis and Ultrasonication. Food Research International, 75, 123-130. [2]ALMEIDA-MURADIAN, L., PAMPLONA, L. C., COIMBRA, S. L. & BARTH, O. M. 2005. Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 18, 105-111.
• [3]FREIRE, K. R., LINS, A., DÓREA, M. C., SANTOS, F. A., CAMARA, C. A. & SILVA, T. 2012. Palynological origin, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties of honeybee-collected pollen from Bahia, Brazil. Molecules, 17, 1652-1664.
• [4]SERRA BONVEHI, J. & ESCOLÀ JORDÀ, R. 1997. Nutrient composition and microbiological quality of honeybee-collected pollen in Spain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, 725-732.
• [5]ZHANG, H., WANG, X., WANG, K. & LI, C. 2015a. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of aqueous ethanol extracts from monofloral bee pollen. Journal of Apicultural Science, 59, 119-128.
• [6]KOMOSINSKA-VASSEV, K., OLCZYK, P., KAŹMIERCZAK, J., MENCNER, L. & OLCZYK, K. 2015. Bee pollen: chemical composition and therapeutic application. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015. [7]ALIČIĆ, D., ŠUBARIĆ, D., JAŠIĆ, M., PAŠALIĆ, H. & AČKAR, Đ. 2014. Antioxidant properties of pollen. Hrana u zdravlju i Bolesti, 3, 6-12.
• [8]SILVA, T. M. S., CAMARA, C. A., DA SILVA LINS, A. C., MARIA BARBOSA-FILHO, J., DA SILVA, E. M. S., FREITAS, B. M. & DE ASSIS RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS, F. 2006. Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of pollen loads from stingless bee Melipona subnitida Ducke. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19, 507-511.
• [9]SATTLER, J. A. G., DE MELO, I. L. P., GRANATO, D., ARAÚJO, E., DA SILVA DE FREITAS, A., BARTH, O. M., SATTLER, A. & DE ALMEIDA-MURADIAN, L. B. 2015. Impact of origin on bioactive compounds and nutritional composition of bee pollen from southern Brazil: A screening study. Food Research International, 77, 82-91.
• [10]ZHOU, J., QI, Y., RITHO, J., ZHANG, Y., ZHENG, X., WU, L., LI, Y. & SUN, L. 2015. Flavonoid glycosides as floral origin markers to discriminate of unifloral bee pollen by LC–MS/MS. Food Control, 57, 54-61.
• [11]ALMARAZ-ABARCA, N. 2004. Variability of antioxidant activity among honeybee-collected pollen of different botanical origin. Interciencia, 29, 574-578.
• [12]FEÁS, X., VÁZQUEZ-TATO, M. P., ESTEVINHO, L., SEIJAS, J. A. & IGLESIAS, A. 2012. Organic bee pollen: botanical origin, nutritional value, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological quality. Molecules, 17, 8359-8377.
• [13]ZHANG, Y., BIELORY, L., MI, Z., CAI, T., ROBOCK, A. & GEORGOPOULOS, P. 2015b. Allergenic pollen season variations in the past two decades under changing climate in the United States. Global change biology, 21, 1581-1589.
• [14]ATTIA, Y., AL‐HANOUN, A., TAG EL‐DIN, A., BOVERA, F. & SHEWIKA, Y. 2011. Effect of bee pollen levels on productive, reproductive and blood traits of NZW rabbits. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95, 294-303.
• [15]WANG, S., LÜ, H., LIU, J. & NEGENDANK, J. F. 2007. The early Holocene optimum inferred from a high-resolution pollen record of Huguangyan Maar Lake in southern China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52, 2829-2836.
• [16]KROYER, G. & HEGEDUS, N. 2001. Evaluation of bioactive properties of pollen extracts as functional dietary food supplement. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2, 171-174.
• [17]SZCZÊSNA, T. 2006. Protein content and amino acid composition of bee-collected pollen from selected botanical origins. Journal of Apicultural Science, 50, 81-90. [18]BOGDANOV, S. 2012. Pollen: Collection, harvest, composition, quality. The bee pollen book, 1e13.
• [19]CANE, J. H. & BUCHMANN, S. L. 2000. What governs protein content of pollen: pollinator preferences, pollen–pistil interactions, or phylogeny? Ecological monographs, 70, 617-643.
• [20]ROULSTON, T. A. H. & CANE, J. H. 2000. Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 222, 187-209.
• [21]SERRA BONVEHÌ, J. & LÒPEZ ALEGRET, P. 1986. Microbiological studies on honeybee-collected pollen produced in Spain: Total bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus “D” of Lancefield, sulfite reducing Clostridia, Bacillus, yeasts, moulds, and the detection of aflatoxins by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim, 849, 259-266.
• [22]T’AI, H. R. & CANE, J. H. 2000. Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals. Pollen and pollination. Springer.
• [23]GOK, S., SEVERCAN, M., GOORMAGHTIGH, E., KANDEMIR, I. & SEVERCAN, F. 2015. Differentiation of Anatolian honey samples from different botanical origins by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy using multivariate analysis. Food Chem, 170, 234-40.
• [24]ŞEKERDEN, Ö., KıLıÇ, M. & KAPLAN, Ö. 1992. Türkiye’de Anzer Balı Üretim Bölgesinin Florası, Coğrafik ve klimsel Özellikleri ile Bu Şartlarda Arıcılığın Yapılma Şekli. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi 1. Hayvancılık Semineri, 3-4.
• [25]SORKUN, K. & DOGAN, C. 1995. Pollen analysis of Rize-Anzer (Turkish) honey. Apiacta, 30, 75-82.
• [26]ULUSOY, E. & KOLAYLI, S. 2014. Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Anzer bee pollen. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 38, 73-82.
• [27]PELLETT, F. C. 1947. American honey plants, Orange Judd.
• [28]ANDRADA, A. C. & TELLERÍA, M. C. 2005. Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Caldén district (Argentina): botanical origin and protein content. Grana, 44, 115-122.
• [29]ÖZENIRLER, Ç., BARKAN, N. P. & SORKUN, K. 2016. Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Remzibey-05 Bitkisi Poleninin Bal Arılarının Beslenme Ekonomileri Açısından İncelenmesi. Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 69-80.
• [30]WODEHOUSE, R. P. 1935. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine
• [31]BRADFORD, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
• [32]VANDERPLANCK, M., LEROY, B., WATHELET, B., WATTIEZ, R. & MICHEZ, D. 2014. Standardized protocol to evaluate pollen polypeptides as bee food source. Apidologie, 45, 192-204.
• [33]KRUGER,NJ.1994. The Bradford method for protein quantitation. Methods Mol.Biol., 32,9-15.
• [34]SHAHALI, Y., MAJD, A., POURPAK, Z., TAJADOD, G., HAFTLANG, M. & MOIN, M. 2007. Comparative study of the pollen protein contents in two major varieties of Cupressus arizonica planted in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 6, 123-127.
• [35]SHAHALI, Y., POURPAK, Z., MOIN, M., MARI, A. & MAJD, A. 2009. Instability of the structure and allergenic protein content in Arizona cypress pollen. Allergy, 64, 1773-1779.
• [36]KAYA, Z., BINZET, R. & ORCAN, N. 2005. Pollen analyses of honeys from some regions in Turkey. Apiacta, 40, 10-15.
• [37]SZCZĘSNA, T. 2007. Concentration of selected elements in honeybee-collected pollen. Journal of Apicultural Science, 51, 5-13. [38]HUMAN, H. & NICOLSON, S. W. 2006. Nutritional content of fresh, bee-collected and stored pollen of Aloe greatheadii var. davyana (Asphodelaceae). Phytochemistry, 67, 1486-1492.