Flavones (Apigenin, Luteolin, Chrysin) and Their Importance for Health

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 16 - 27, 29.06.2020

Özsel Özcan , Ozan Aldemir , Bülent Karabulut

Abstract

It has been shown in recent years that foods called functional foods may protect against certain types of cancer against cardiovascular diseases and cognitive dysfunctions. In the studies performed, the flavo-noids (apigenin, chrysin, luteolin) which are subclass of flavonoids have been shown to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects and it is presented as the cur-rent treatment method in the treatment of some diseases. The structure function, nutritional resources and potential therapeutic properties of the flavones, which are also used as supplement in the compost, have been studied. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of flavones in certain dise-ases. The positive effect of flavones on health can be proven in many experimental studies and can be proven in the long run.

Keywords

Functional nutrients, flavones, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin

Flavonlar (Apigenin, Luteolin, Krisin) ve Sağlık İçin Önemi

Abstract

Son yıllarda fonksiyonel gıdalar adı verilen gıdaların belirli kanser türlerine, kardiyovasküler hastalıklara ve bilişsel işlev bozukluklarına karşı koruyabileceği gösterilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, flavonoidlerin alt sınıfı olan flavonoidlerin (apigenin, krisin, luteolin) antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antialerjik, nöroprotektif ve kardiyoprotektif etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir ve bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde mevcut tedavi yöntemi olarak sunulmuştur. Kompost takviyesi olarak da kullanılan flavonların, yapısal fonksiyonu, besin kaynakları, potansiyel tedavi edici özellikleri incenmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı bazı hastalıklarda flavonların terapötik etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Flavonların sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkisi birçok deneysel çalışma ile uzun vadede kanıtlanabilir 

Keywords

Fonksiyonel besinler, flavonlar, apigenin, luteolin, krisin

References

• 1. Graf, B. A. Milbury, P. E., Blumberg, J. B. (2005). Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and human health: epi-demiological evidence. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(3), 281–290.
• 2. Mullie, P., Clarys, P., Deriemaeker, P., Hebbelinck, M. (2007). Estimation of daily human ıntake of food flavonoids. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 62(3), 93–98.
• 3. Yao, L. H., Jiang, Y. M., Shi, J., Tom. S-Barber.N, F. A., Datta, N., Sınganusong, R., Chen, S. S. (2004). Fla-vonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 59(3), 113–122.
• 4. F.Arredondo, C.Echeverry, F.Blasina,L.Vaamonde, M.Díaz, F.Rivera, M.MartínezJ, A.Abin F.Dajas.(2015). Chapter 25 -Flavones and flavonols in brain and disease: facts and pitfalls.Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease Prevention and Therapy, 229-236.
• 5. Jiang, N., Doseff, A., Grotewold, E. (2016). Flavones: From Biosynthesis to Health Benefits. Plants, 5(2), 27.
• 6. A. N. Panche,A. D. Diwan, S. R. (2016).Chandra flavonoids: an overview, J Nutr Sci.5(47).
• 7. Hostetler, G. L., Ralston, R. A., Schwartz, S. J. (2017). Flavones: food Sources, bioavailability, metabolism, and bioactivity. advances in nutrition: An International Review Journal, 8(3), 423–435.
• 8. Catarino MD, Alves-Silva JM, Pereira OR, Cardoso S M. (2015). Antioxidant Capacities of Flavones and Benefits in Oxidative-Stress Related Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 15(2),105-19.
• 9. Sung B, Chung HY, Kim ND. (2016).Role of apigenin in cancer prevention via the ınduction of apoptosis and autophagy journal of cancer prevention , J Cancer Prev. 21(4),216–226.
• 10. Bruno, A., Siena, L., Gerbino, S., Ferraro, M., Chanez, P., Giammanco, M., Pace, E. (2011). Apigenin affects leptin/leptin receptor pathway and induces cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cell line. European Jour-nal of Cancer, 47(13), 2042–2051.
• 11. Shukla S, Gupta S. (2010).Apigenin: A Promising molecule for cancer prevention, Pharm Res; 27(6): 962–978.
• 12. Noorfaiza A. Aziza,b, Gabriele R.A Froemm(2018). Apigenin increases cisplatin inhibitory effects on the telomerase activity of triple negative breast cancer cells 80(1),123–132
• 13. Maeda, Y., Takahashi, H., Nakai, N., Yanagita, T., Ando, N., Okubo, T., Takiguchi, S. (2018). Apigenin in-duces apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 simultaneously via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in colon cancer. International Journal of Oncology. (52), 1661-1673.
• 14. Liu H, Yang Z, Deng W,Tang Q,(2016).Apigenin attenuates the cardiac remodeling in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.68(16):10.
• 15. Liu, H.-J., Fan, Y.L., Liao, H.-H., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Ma, Z.-G., Tang, Q.-Z. (2017). Apigenin alleviates STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 428(1-2), 9–21.
• 16. H. Liang. (2017). Antiinflamatuar and neuroprotectıve effect of Apigenin: Studies in the GFAB-IL6 Mouse model of Chronic Neuroınflamatıon., Free Radical Biology and Medicine 108:1-510.
• 17. Y. Liu, X. Liu, Y.Du, Z. Chen, H.Chen, J. Guo, X. Weng, X. Wang, M. Wang, Z.Wang, L. Wang (2017).Combination of apigenin and ischemic postconditioning protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, Int J Clin Exp Med 10(5):7931-7939.
• 18. Vrhovac Madunić, I., Madunić, J., Antunović, M., Paradžik, M., Garaj-Vrhovac, V., Breljak, D., … Gajski, G. (2018). Apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, 391(5), 537–550.
• 19. Lee, Y., Sung, B., Kang, Y. J., Kım, D. H., Jang, J.-Y., Hwang, S. Y.,Kım, N. D. (2014). Apigenin-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy formation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Interna-tional Journal of Oncology, 44(5), 1599–1606.
• 20. Choi, W. H., Jang, Y. J., Son, H. J., Ahn, J., Jung, C. H., Ha, T. Y. (2018). Apigenin inhibits sciatic nerve de-nervation-induced muscle atrophy. Muscle & Nerve, 58(2), 314–318.
• 21. Nabavi, S. F., Braidy, N., Gortzi, O., Sobarzo-Sanchez, E., Daglia, M., Skalicka-Woźniak, K., Nabavi, S. M. (2015). Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent: A brief review. Brain Research Bulle-tin, 119, 1–11.
• 22. Lin Y, Shi R, Wang X, HM Shen, (2008).Luteolin, a Flavonoid with Potential for Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Current Cancer Drug Targets, 8(7):634-46.
• 23. Wedler, J., Daubitz, T., Schlotterbeck, G., Butterweck, V. (2014). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Potential of a Phyllostachys edulis Leaf Extract – Identification of Isoorientin as an Active Com-pound. Planta Medica, 80(18), 1678–1684.
• 24. Liu, Y., Fu, X., Lan, N., Li, S., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L. (2014). Luteolin protects against high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in obesity mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 267, 178–188.
• 25. Verschooten, L., Smaers, K., Van Kelst, S., Proby, C., Maes, D., Declercq, L., Garmyn, M. (2010). The Fla-vonoid Luteolin Increases the Resistance of Normal, but Not Malignant Keratinocytes, Against UVB-Induced Apoptosis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 130(9), 2277–2285.
• 26. Kim, T.-H., Jung, J. W., Ha, B. G., Hong, J. M., Park, E. K., Kim, H.-J., & Kim, S.-Y. (2011). The effects of lu-teolin on osteoclast differentiation, function in vitro and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 22(1), 8–15.
• 27. Yan, Q., Li, Y., Yan, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, S. (2018). Effects of luteolin on regulatory proteins and enzymes for myocyte calcium circulation in hypothermic preserved rat heart.Experimental and Therapau-tıc Medicine, 15(2): 1433–1441.
• 28. Wang H, Luo Y, Qiao T, Wu Z, Huang Z. (2018). Luteolin sensitizes the antitumor effect of cisplatin in drug-resistant ovarian cancer via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and invasion. J Ovarian Res.19;11(1):93.
• 29. Theoharis C. Theoharides, Irene Tsilioni. (2018). Tetramethoxyluteolin for the Treatment of Neurodegene-rative Diseases. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.18:(21), 1872 – 1882.
• 30. EY Kwon, S Y.Kim .(2018). MS Choi, Luteolin-Enriched Artichoke Leaf Extract Alleviates the Metabolic Syndrome in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Nutrients. 10(8), 979.
• 31. Fan W, Qian S, Qian P, Li X. (2016). Antiviral activity of luteolin against Japanese encephalitis virus. Virus Res. 15:(220),112-6.
• 32. Bai L, Nong Y, Shi Y, Liu M, Yan L, Shang J, Huang F, Lin Y, Tang H, (2015). Luteolin Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Mediated Down-Regulation of Hepatocy-te Nuclear Factor 4α Expression. Mol Pharm. 1;13(2):568-77.
• 33. Ishisaka M, Kakefuda K, Yamauchi M, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Tsuruta A, Hara H. (2011). Luteolin shows an antidepressant-like effect via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biol Pharm Bull. ;34(9):1481-6.
• 34. Gelabert-Rebato, M., Wiebe, J. C., Martin-Rincon, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Curtelin, D., Perez-Valera, M.Calbet, J. A. L. (2019). Enhancement of Exercise Performance by 48 Hours, and 15-Day Supplementa-tion with Mangiferin and Luteolin in Men. Nutrients, 11(2), 344.
• 35. Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Madana RM, V AK, Gogoi R, Barua CC. (2015). Chemopreventive and thera-peutic potential of chrysin in cancer: mechanistic perspectives. Toxicol Lett. 4;233(2):214-25.
• 36. Mani R.Natesan V. (2018).Chrysin: Sources, beneficial pharmacological activities, and molecular mecha-nism of action, Phytochemistry ,145: 187-196.
• 37. A., Badr, A. M., & El-Demerdash, E. (2014). Chrysin alleviates acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 728, 107–118.
• 38. Li Hea X, -HuaWang Y, Bia MG, Hua Du G, (2012). Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats, European Journal of Pharmacology 680:(1–3), 41-48.
• 39. Gambelunghe, C., Rossi, R., Sommavilla, M., Ferranti, C., Rossi, R., Ciculi, C., Rufini, S. (2003). Effects of Chrysin on Urinary Testosterone Levels in Human Males. Journal of Medicinal Food, 6(4), 387–390.
• 40. Ohkura, N., Takata, Y., Ando, K., Kanai, S., Watanabe, E., Nohira, T., Atsumi, G. (2012). Propolis and its constituent chrysin inhibit plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 production induced by tumour necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Apicultural Research, 51(2), 179–184.
• 41. Sholied SM. Esmat A, Khalifa AE, Abdelrahim AB. (2018). Chrysin attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats, Food and Chemical Toxicology 111; 650-659.
• 42. O. Ciftci İ. Ozdemir M. Aydin A. Beytur. (2012). Beneficial effects of chrysin on the reproductive system of adult male rats,Andrologia , 44(3):181-6.
• 43. Amin Altawash, A. S., Shahneh, A. Z., Moravej, H., Ansari, M. (2017). Chrysin-induced sperm parameters and fatty acid profile changes improve reproductive performance of roosters. Theriogenology, 104, 72–79.
• 44. Choi, J. K., Jang, Y. H., Lee, S., Lee, S.-R., Choi, Y.-A., Jin, M., Kim, S.-H. (2017). Chrysin attenuates atopic dermatitis by suppressing inflammation of keratinocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 110, 142–150.
• 45. Ramírez-Espinosa, J., Saldaña-Ríos, J., García-Jiménez, S., Villalobos-Molina, R., Ávila-Villarreal, G., Rodríguez-Ocampo, A., Estrada-Soto, S. (2017). Chrysin Induces Antidiabetic, Antidyslipidemic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Athymic Nude Diabetic Mice. Molecules, 23(1), 67.
• 46. Huang, C.-S., Lii, C.-K., Lin, A.-H., Yeh, Y.W., Yao, H.-T., Li, C.-C., Chen, H.-W. (2012). Protection by chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin against oxidative stress is mediated by the Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 and glutamate cysteine ligase in rat primary hepatocytes. Archives of Toxicology, 87(1), 167–178.
• 47. Wu, Y.-X., Fang, X. (2009). Apigenin, Chrysin, and Luteolin Selectively Inhibit Chymotrypsin-Like and Trypsin-Like Proteasome Catalytic Activities in Tumor Cells. Planta Medica, 76(02), 128–132.