An Assessment of the Cultivation Potential and Suitability for Human Consumption of Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from the Yalova Coast of the Marmara Sea

Year 2023, , 12 - 24, 27.06.2023

Sefa Acarlı , Pervin Vural , Harun Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1282775

Cited By: 5

Abstract

This study aimed to determine into potential suitability of juvenile Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) for cultivation and human consumption collected from various stations (Kapaklı, Çınarcık, Koru, and Deveboynu) along the Yalova coast of the South Marmara Sea during the spring season. Specifically, meat yield, condition index, moisture content, density of fouling organisms on the shells, and heavy metal concentrations (copper, zinc, mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic) were analysed. The average meat yields for Çınarcık, Deveboynu, Kapaklı, and Koru were found to be 24.51±2.96, 21.72±3.92, 23.75±2.31, and 21.54±4.01, respectively. Similarly, the average condition index were found to be 7.29±1.16, 6.02±0.97, 7.30±0.77, and 5.94±1.39 for Çınarcık, Deveboynu, Kapaklı, and Koru, respectively. The average shell component index for Çınarcık, Deveboynu, Kapaklı, and Koru were detected that 72.06±2.75, 74.39±4.13, 69.99±2.55, and 74.68±4.54, respectively. Additionally, the average moisture contents were found to be 82.63±1.95, 83.34±3.23, 84.02±1.82, and 83.40±4.17 for Çınarcık, Deveboynu, Kapaklı, and Koru, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in these parameters among the stations. Moreover, the quantities of competitive and fouling organisms, such as polychaetes and barnacles, were found to be highest in the Deveboynu and Koru stations. It has been determined that copper, zinc, mercury, and lead levels of the mussels are suitable for human consumption in all stations. However, arsenic values exceeded legal limits in Çınarcık, Koru, and Deveboynu, and cadmium values exceeded legal limits in all stations.

Keywords

Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mediterranean mussel, meat yield, condition index, heavy metal, element, Marmara Sea

References

• Abou-Arab, A. A. K., Ayesh, A. M., Amra, H. A. & Naguib, K. (1996). Characteristic levels of some pesticides and heavy metals in imported fish. Food Chemistry, 57(4): 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00040-4
• Acarlı, S., Lok, A., Acarlı, D. & Kucukdermenci, A. (2018). Gamogenetic cycle, condition index and meat yield of the Noah’s Ark shell (Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758) from Gerence Bay, Aegean Sea Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35:141–149. https:// doi. org/ 10. 12714/ egejf as. 2018. 35.2. 06
• Acarli, S., Lök, A., Kirtik, A., Acarli, D., Serdar, S., Kucukdermenci, A. & Saltan, A.N. (2015). Seasonal Variation in Reproductive Activity and Biochemical Composition of Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey. Scientia Marina, 79 (4): 487-495.
• Acarli, S., Lok, A., Kücükdermenci, A., Yildiz, H., Serdar, S. (2011). Comparative Growth, Survival and Condition Index of Flat Oyster, Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus 1758) in Mersin Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Kafkas Universitesitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2): 203-210.
• AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International (17th). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA. 2000 p.
• Appukuttan, K. K., Mohamed, K. S., Kripa, V., Asokan, P. K., Anil, M. K., Sasikumar, Geetha- Velayudhan, T.S., Laxmilatha, P., Koya, K.P., Said- Radhakrishnan, P., Joseph, Mathew - Alloycious, P.S., Surendranath, V.G., Sivadasan, M. P., Nagaraja, D. & Naik, M. S. (2001). Survey of green mussel seed resources of Kerala and Karnataka. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 168: 12-19.
• Arakawa, K. Y. (1990). Natural spat collecting in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Marine & Freshwater Behaviour & Physiology, 17(2): 95-128.
• Azad, A. & Harikumar, P. N. (2020). Present Status and Problems of Mussel Farmers in Kerala-A Case Study of Kollam District. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 10(4): 1-9.
• Azizi, G., Layachi, M., Akodad, M., Yáñez-Ruiz, D. R., Martín-García, A. I., Baghour, M., Mesfioui, A., Skalli, A. & Moumen, A. (2018). Seasonal variations of heavy metals content in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Cala Iris offshore (Northern Morocco). Marine pollution bulletin, 137: 688-694.
• Babarro, J. M., Labarta, U., & Fernández-Reiriz, M. J. (2003). Growth patterns in biomass and size structure of Mytilus galloprovincialis cultivated in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(1): 151-158.
• Babarro, J. M., Fernández-Reiriz, M. J. & Labarta, U. (2000). Growth of seed mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk): effects of environmental parameters and seed origin. National Shellfisheries Association.
• Baines, S. B., Chen, X., Vogt, S., Fisher, N. S., Twining, B. S. & Landry, M. R. (2016). Microplankton trace element contents: Implications for mineral limitation of mesozooplankton in an HNLC area. Journal of Plankton Research, 38: 256−270.
• Bajgas, A. (2000). Blocked of heavy metals accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris cells by 24- epibrassinolide. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 38: 797-801. Bartolomé, L., Navarro, P., Raposo, J. C., Arana, G., Zuloaga, O., Etxebarria, N. & Soto, M. (2010). Occurrence and distribution of metals in mussels from the Cantabrian coast. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 59(2): 235-243.
• Basci, N., Kocadagistan, E. & Kocadagistan, B. (2004). Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions by wheat shell. Desalination, 164(2): 135-140.
• Beer, A. C. & Southgate, P. C. (2006). Spat collection, growth and meat yield of Pinna bicolor (Gmelin) in suspended culture in northern Australia. Aquaculture, 258(1-4): 424-429.
• Bertness, M. D. & Grosholz, E. (1985). Population dynamics of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa: the costs and benefits of an aggregated distribution. Oecologia, 67(2): 192-204.
• Besada, V., Sericano, J. L. & Schultze, F. (2014). An assessment of two decades of trace metals monitoring in wild mussels from the Northwest Atlantic and Cantabrian coastal areas of Spain, 1991–2011. Environment international, 71: 1-12.
• Besada, V., Fumega, J. & Vaamonde, A. (2002). Temporal Trends of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Spanish North- Atlantic Coast 1991- 1999. Science of the Total Environment, 288 (3): 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01010-5
• Biandolino, F., Parlapiano, I., Grattagliano, A., Fanelli, G., & Prato, E. (2020). Comparative Characteristics of Percentage Edibility, Condition Index, Biochemical Constituents and Lipids Nutritional Quality Indices of Wild and Farmed Scallops (Flexopecten glaber). Water, 12(6): 1777.
• Buschbaum, C., & Saier, B. (2001). Growth of the mussel Mytilus edulis L. in the Wadden Sea affected by tidal emergence and barnacle epibionts. Journal of Sea Research, 45(1): 27-36.
• Cai, C., & Wang, W. X. (2019). Inter-species difference of copper accumulation in three species of marine mussels: Implication for biomonitoring. Science of the Total Environment, 692: 1029-1036.
• Camacho, A. P., Labarta, U. & Beiras, R. (1995). Growth of mussels (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis) on cultivation rafts: influence of seed source, cultivation site and phytoplankton availability. Aquaculture, 138 (1-4):349–362.
• Castoldi, A. F., Coccini, T., & Manzo, L. (2003). Neurotoxic and molecular effects of methylmercury in humans. Reviews on Environmental Health, 18(1): 19-32.
• Çelik, M. Y., Karayücel, S.,˙ Karayücel, I., Eyüboglu, B. & Öztürk, R. (2015). The effects of environmental factors on survival, growth and biochemical composition of transplanted oysters (Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758) from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea. Aquaculture Research, 46:959–968.
• Centeno, J.A., Mullick, F.G., Martinez, L., Page, N. P., Gibb, H., Longfellow, D., Thompson, D. & Ladich, E.R. (2002). Pathology Related to Chronic Arsenic Exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 (5): 883-886.
• Cheriyan, E., Sreekanth, A., Mrudulrag, S. K. & Sujatha, C. H. (2015). Evaluation of metal enrichment and trophic status on the basis of biogeochemical analysis of shelf sediments of the Southeastern Arabian Sea, India. Continental Shelf Research, 108: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.08.007
• Clark, R. B. (1992). Marine pollution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Costa-Pierce, B. A. (2002). Ecology as the paradigm for the future of aquaculture. Ecological Aquaculture: The Evolution of the Blue Revolution. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 339-372.
• Crosby, M.P. &Gale, L.D. (1990). A review and evaluation of bivalve condition index methodologies with suggested standard method. Journal of Shellfish Research, 9 (1): 233-237.
• Dare, P.J. (1980). Mussel Cultivation in England and Wales. Fish. Res. Tech. Rep., MAFF Direct. Fish. Res., Lowestoft. 56. 18 pp.
• Demmer, J., Robins, P., Malham, S., Lewis, M., Owen, A., Jones, T. & Neill, S. (2022). The role of wind in controlling the connectivity of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) populations. Movement Ecology, 10(1): 1-15.
• Dittman, D., & Robles, C. (1991). Effect of algal epiphytes on the mussel Mytilus californianus. Ecology, 72(1): 286-296. El-Shenawy, N. S., Loutfy, N., Soliman, M. F., Tadros, M. M. & El-Azeez, A. A. A. (2016). Metals bioaccumulation in two edible bivalves and health risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188 (3): 139. DOI 10.1007/s10661-016-5145-2
• Erkan, N., Özden, Ö., & Ulusoy, Ş. (2011). Seasonal micro-and macro-mineral profile and proximate composition of oyster (Ostrea edulis) analyzed by ICP-MS. Food analytical methods, 4(1): 35-40.
• FAO (2022). Statistics Division Food Security Statistics, Food Consumption. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-consumption/en (8.09.2022)
• Figueroa, Y. & Dresdner, J. (2016) Are mussel seed producers responsive to economic incentives? Empirical evidence from the Benthic Resource Management Areas in Chile, Aquaculture Economics & Management, 20(3): 283-311, DOI: 10.1080/13657305.2016.1180647
• Forrest, B. M. & Atalah, J. (2017). Significant impact from blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis biofouling on aquaculture production of green-lipped mussels in New Zealand. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9: 115-126.
• Freeman K.R. (1974). Growth, Mortality and Seasonal Cycle of Mytilus edulis in Two Nova Scotian Embayments. Bedford Inst. of Oceanography Publ Dartmouth, Canada.
• García-Lestón, J., Méndez, J., Pásaro, E. & Laffon, B. (2010). Genotoxic effects of lead: an updated review. Environment International, 36(6): 623-636.
• Grasse, P., Ryabenko, E., Ehlert, C., Altabet, M. A. & Frank, M. (2016). Silicon and nitrogen cycling in the upwelling area off Peru: A dual isotope approach. Limnology and Oceanography, 61(5): 1661-1676. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10324
• Galvao, P., Longo, R., Torres, J. P. M., & Malm, O. (2015). Estimating the potential production of the brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) reared in three tropical bays by different methods of condition indices. Journal of Marine Biology.
• Han, B. C., Jeng, W. L., Chen, R. Y., Fang, G. T., Hung, T. C. & Tseng, R. J. (1998). Estimation of target hazard quotients and potential health risks for metals by consumption of seafood in Taiwan. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 35(4): 711-720.
• Ignatiou, B., Asha, A., & Anil, M. K. (2021). Package of Aquaculture practices.
• Jarup, L. & Akesson, A. (2009). Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 238(3): 201-208.
• Karayücel S., Erdem M., Uyan O., Saygun S. & Karayücel İ. (2002). Spat settlement and growth on long-line culture system of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in the Southern Black Sea. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 54(4):163-172.
• Kuriakose, P. S. & Appukuttan, K. K. (1996). Technology of mussel culture. CMFRI Bulletin-Artificial reefs and Seafarming technologies, 48: 70-75.
• Kızılkaya, B., Acarlı, S. & Vural, P. (2019). Monthly variation in meat quality and shell component index of three clam species (Bivalvia-Veneridae) from Turkey. BioEco2019- International Biodiversity & Ecology Sciences Symposium ISBN: 978-605-80198-0-5 Publication of e-book date: 22.10.2019
• Lauzon-Guay, J. S., Hamilton, D. J. & Barbeau, M. A. (2005). Effect of mussel density and size on the morphology of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) grown in suspended culture in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Aquaculture, 249(1-4): 265-274.
• LeBlanc, N. G. (2006). Mussel genetics in relation to selection methods for high quality seed and treatment for tunicates.
• LeBlanc, A. R., Landry, T. & Miron, G. (2002). Fouling organisms in a mussel cultivation bay: their effect on nutrient uptake and release. Department of Biology, University of Moncton.
• Lewis, B. L. & Luther III, G. W. (2000). Processes controlling the distribution and cycling of manganese in the oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47 (7-8): 1541−1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00153-8
• Lidsky, T. I., & Schneider, J. S. (2003). Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain, 126(1): 5-19.
• Lök, A., Serdar, S., Küçükdermenci, A., Yiğitkurt, S., Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., Yıldız, H., Çolakoğlu, S., Dalgıç, G., Demirci, A., Güler, M., Goulletquer, P., Prou, J., Lapègue, Heurtebise, S., Robert, S., Geairon, P., Guesdon, S., & Chabirand, J. M. (2011). Sustainable Turkish Shellfish Culture. TUBİTAK, PIA-BOSPHORUS, Project No: 107Y223, 250 pp.
• Lök, A., Çolakoğlu, S., Acarli, S., Serdar, S., Küçükdermenci, A., Yiğitkurt, S., Kirtik, A., & Güler M. (2010). Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Collected from the Dardanelles. CIESM 2010, Venice Italy
• Lök, A., Acarlι, S., Serdar, S., & Köse, A. (2007). Growth and mortality of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam., 1819, in relation to size on longline in Mersin Bay, Izmir (Turkey–Aegean Sea). Aquaculture Research, 38(8): 819-826.
• Lök A. & Acarlı S. (2006) Preliminary settlement studies of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis, L.) on oyster and mussel shell collectors in Karantina Island (Turkey). Isr J Aquacult- Bamidgeh, 58(2):105-115.
• Macneill, S., Pryor, M., Couturier, C., & Parsons, J. (2000). Handbook of Mussel Farm Site Monitoring Enhancing Seed Production.
• Mahon, G.A.T. (1983). Selection goals in oyster breeding. Aquaculture, 33: 141-148.
• Mandal, B. K. & Suzuki, K. T. (2002). Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta, 58(1): 201-235.
• Mandich, M. (2018). Ranked effects of heavy metals on marine bivalves in laboratory mesocosms: A meta-analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131: 773-781.
• Mann, R. (1979). Some biochemical and physiological aspects of growth and gametogenesis in Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis grown at sustained elevated temperatures. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59(1): 95-110.
• Manthey-Karl, M., Lehmann, I., Ostermeyer, U., Rehbein, H. & Schröder, U. (2015). Meat composition and quality assessment of king scallops (Pecten maximus) and frozen Atlantic Sea Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) on a Retail Level. Foods, 4 (4): 524-546. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods4040524
• Mason, J. & Drinkwater, J.,1981. Experiments on suspended cultivation of mussels in Scotland. Scottish Fisheries Information Pamphlet, 4. DAFFS, Aberdeen. 15 pp.
• Mason, J.,1976. Cultivation. In: Marine mussels; their ecology and physiology, B. L. Bayne (Ed.). IBP 10. Cambridge University Press. pp. 385-410.
• Moffett, J. W., Brand, L. E., Croot, P. L. & Barbeau, K. A. (1997). Cu speciation and cyanobacterial distribution in harbors subject to anthropogenic Cu inputs. Limnology and Oceanography, 42 (5): 789- 799. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5.0789
• Mol, S. (2011). Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1): 66-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.009
• Molares, J. & Fuentes, J. (1995). Recruitment of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis on collectors situated on the intertidal zone in the Ria de Arousa (NW Spain). Aquaculture, 138: 131-137.
• Monteiro, P. M., & Roychoudhury, A. N. (2005). Spatial characteristics of sediment trace metals in an eastern boundary upwelling retention area (St. Helena Bay, South Africa): a hydrodynamic–biological pump hypothesis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 65: 123-134.
• Morel, F. M. M., Reinfelder, J. R., Roberts, S. B., Chamberlain, C. P., Lee, J. G. & Yee, D. (1994). Zinc and carbon co-limitation of marine phytoplankton. Nature, 369(6483): 740-742.
• NMKL 186. (2007). Trace Elements—As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Other Elements. Determination by ICP-MS after Pressure Digestion.
• NMKL 161. (1998). Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. Metals Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Wet Digestion in a Microwave Oven. Obaiah, J., Vivek, Ch, Padmaja, B., Sridhar, D. & Peera, K. (2020) Cadmium Toxicity Impact on Aquatic Organisms Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health, Safety and Environmental Aspects-A Review. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4173-
• Okamura, B. (1986). Group living and the effects of spatial position in aggregations of Mytilus edulis. Oecologia, 69(3): 341-347.
• Orban, E., Di Lena, G., Nevigato, T., Casini, I., Caproni, R., Santaroni, G. & Giulini, G. (2007). Nutritional and commercial quality of the striped venus clam, Chamelea gallina, from the Adriatic Sea. Food Chemistry, 101 (3): 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.005
• Orban, E., Di Lena, G., Nevigato, T., Casini, I., Marzetti, A. & Caproni, R. (2002). Seasonal changes in meat content, condition index and chemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured in two different Italian sites. Food Chemistry, 77: 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00322-3
• Özden, Ö. & Erkan, N. (2011). A Preliminary Study of Amino Acid and Mineral Profiles of Important and Estimable 21 Seafood Species. British Food Journal, 113 (4): 457-469. Özden, Ö., Ulusoy, Ş., & Erkan, N. (2010). Study on the behavior of the trace metal and macro minerals in Mytilus galloprovincialis as a bioindicator species: the case of Marmara Sea, Turkey. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 5(3): 407-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-009-0544-8
• Özden, Ö., Erkan, N. & Deval, M.C. (2009). Trace Mineral Profiles of the Bivalve Species Chamelea gallina and Donax trunculus. Food Chemistry, 113: 222-226. Pekkarinen, M. (1983). Seasonal changes in condition and biochemical constituents in the soft part of Macoma balthica (Lamellibranchiata) in the Tvärminne brackish water area (Baltic Sea). Annales Zoologici Fennici 20: 311-322.
• Pérez Camacho, A., Labarta, U. & Beiras R. (1995). Growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on cultivation rafts: influence of seed source, cultivation site and phytoplankton availability. Aquaculture, 138:349-362.
• Periyasamy, N., Murugan, S. & Bharadhirajan, P. (2014). Biochemical composition of marine bivalve Donax incarnatus (Gmelin, 1791) from Cuddalore Southeast coast of India. International Journal of Advanced in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 3: 575-582.
• Prato E., Biandolino, F., Parlapiano, I., Papa, L., Denti, G. & Fanelli, G. (2019b). Seasonal changes of commercial traits, proximate and fatty acid compositions of the scallop Flexopecten glaber from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). PeerJ, 7: 5810.
• Prato, E., Biandolino, F., Parlapiano, I., Giandomenico, S., Denti, G., Calò, M., Spada, L. & Di Leo, A. (2019a). Proximate, fatty acids and metals in edible marine bivalves from Italian market: beneficial and risk for consumers health. Science of The Total Environment, 648: 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.382
• Raposo, J. C., Bartolomé, L., Cortazar, E., Arana, G., Zabaljauregui, M., de Diego, A., Zuloaga, O., Madariaga, J.M, & Etxebarria, N. (2009). Trace metals in oysters, Crassotrea sp., from UNESCO Protected Natural Reserve of Urdaibai: space-time observations and source identification. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 83(2): 223-229. DOI 10.1007/s00128-009-9693-9 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2002). Canlı çift kabuklu yumuşakçaların arındırılması ilişkin genelge. Genelge No: 2001/02.
• Richir, J., & Gobert, S. (2014). The effect of size, weight, body compartment, sex and reproductive status on the bioaccumulation of 19 trace elements in rope-grown Mytilus galloprovincialis. Ecological Indicators, 36: 33-47.
• Rodrigues, L.C., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., Massa, F., Theodorou, J.A., Ziveri, P. & Gazeau F. (2015) Sensitivity of Mediterranean Bivalve Mollusc Aquaculture to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: Results from a producers’ survey. Journal of Shellfish Research, 34(3):1161–1176.
• Shaked, Y., Xu, Y., Leblanc, K. & Morel, F. M. (2006). Zinc availability and alkaline phosphatase activity in Emiliania huxleyi: Implications for Zn‐P co‐limitation in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 51 (1): 299-309.
• Shariati, M., & Yahyaabadi, S. (2006). The effects of different concentrations of cadmium on the growth rate and beta-carotene synthesis in unicellular green algae Dunaliella salina. Silva, P.M., Costa, C.P., Araújo, J.P.B., Queiroga, F.R. & Wainberg, A.A. (2016). Epizootiology of Perkinsus sp. in Crassostrea gasar oysters in polyculture with shrimps in northeastern Brazil. A Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 25(1):37–45. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016011
• Stanković, S., Jović, M. D., Milanov, R. & Joksimović, D. (2011). Trace elements concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and evaluation of mussel quality and possible human health risk from cultivated and wild sites of the southeastern Adriatic Sea, Montenegro. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 76(12): 1725-1737.
• Storelli, M. M., Storelli, A. & Marcotrigiano, G. O. (2000). Heavy metals in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Ionian Sea, Italy. Journal of Food Protection, 63 (2): 273-276.
• Sunila, I., Williams, L., Russo, S., Getchis, T., (2004). Reproduction and pathology of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis (L.) in an experimental longline in long island sound, Connecticut. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23 (3): 731-740
• Sunila, I., Williams, L., Russo, S. & Getchis, T. (2004). Reproduction and pathology of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis (L.) in an experimental longline in long island sound, Connecticut. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23 (3): 731-740
• Smith, E., Smith, J., Smith, L., Biswas, T., Correll, R. & Naidu, R. (2003). Arsenic in Australian environment: an overview. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 38(1):223–239
• Sievers, M., Dempster, T., Fitridge, I. & Keough, M. J. (2014). Monitoring biofouling communities could reduce impacts to mussel aquaculture by allowing synchronisation of husbandry techniques with peaks in settlement. Biofouling, 30(2): 203-212.
• Theodorou, J.A., Le Bihan, V., Pardo, S., Tzovenis I., Sorgeloos, P. & Viaene, J. (2011b). Risk Perceptions and Risk Management Strategies of the European Bivalve Producers. In: Aquaculture Europe 2011- ‘Mediterranean Aquaculture 2020’, Organized by the European Aquaculture Society, October 18-21, Rhodes, Greece
• Theodorou, J.A., Viaene J., Sorgeloos P. & Tzovenis, I. (2011a) Production and Marketing Trends of the cultured Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819, in Greece. Journal of Shellfish Research, 30 (3): 859–874.
• Topcuoğlu, S., Kirbaşoğlu, Ç. & Yilmaz, Y. Z. (2004). Heavy metal levels in biota and sediments in the northern coast of the Marmara Sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 96(1): 183-189. Tremblay, R., Landry, T., Leblanc, N., Pernet, F., Barkhouse, C. & Sévigny, J. M. (2011). Physiological and biochemical indicators of mussel seed quality in relation to temperatures. Aquatic Living Resources, 24: 273-282. DOI: 10.1051/alr/2011113
• Türk Çulha, S., Koçbaş, F., Gündoǧdu, A., Baki, B., Çulha, M. & Topçuoǧlu, S. (2011). The seasonal distribution of heavy metals in Mussel sample from Yalova in the Marmara Sea, 2008–2009. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 183(1): 525-529.
• Uysal, H. (1970). Biologial and Ecologial Studies on Mussel “Mytilus galloprovincialis-Lamarck” Distributed in Turkish Coast. EÜ FF İlmi Raporlar Serisi, (79). Velayudhan, T. S., Kripa, V., Ranade, A., Soundararajan, R., Mohamed, K. S., Appukuttan, K. K., Laxmilatha, P., Asokan, P.K., Ramachandran, N., Sasikumar, G., Sreenivasan, P V., Sarvesan, R., Thomas, S.,
• Dhakad, H., Rattan, P. & Sawant, N.H. (2007). Mariculture of mussels in India.
• Vural, P., Yildiz, H. & Acarli, S. (2015). Growth and survival performances of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) on different depths in Cardak lagoon, Dardanelles. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 4(1): 7-12.
• Wallace, W. G., Lee, B. G. & Luoma, S. N. (2003). Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. I. Significance of metal-sensitive fractions (MSF) and biologically detoxified metal (BDM). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 249: 183-197.
• Wright, D. A. & Welbourn, P. M. (1994). Cadmium in the aquatic environment: a review of ecological, physiological, and toxicological effects on biota. Environmental Reviews, 2(2): 187-214. Yıldız, H., Acarlı,S., Doyuk, S. A., Kuyumcu, N. S., & Vural, P., (2023). Çanakkale’de Akdeniz Midyesi (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) Yetiştiriciliği’nin Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını. In: Özekinci, U., Çelik, E. Ş., Şen, Y. (Ed.), Çanakkale’de Su Ürünleri, Balıkçılık ve Denizcilik. (Inpress).
• Yıldız, H., Vural, P. & Acarlı, S., (2021). Condition Index, Meat Yield and Biochemical Composition of Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from Canakkale Strait, Turkey. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi , 36(1): 308-314.
• Yıldız, H., Lök, A., Acarlı, S., Serdar, S., Küçükdermenci, A., Berber, S. & Vural, P. (2013a). Influences of different collector materials on Mediterranean Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819 in the Dardanelles. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 2 (1): 23-35. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/masteb/issue/22361/239468
• Yıldız, H., Acarlı, S., Berber, S. Vural, P. & Gündüz, F. (2013b). A preliminary study on Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) culture in integrated multitrofik aquaculture systems in Canakkale Strait. Alınteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Turkey).
• Yildiz, H. & Berber, S., Acarli, S. & Vural, P. (2011). Seasonal variation in the condition index, meat yield and biochemical composition of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Dardanelles, Turkey. Italian journal of animal science, 10(1): e5.
• Yildiz, H. & Berber, S. (2010). Depth and seasonal effects on the settlement density of Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819 in the Dardanelles. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 756-759. Yildiz, H., Lök, A., Acarli, S., Serdar, S. & Köse, A. (2010). A preliminary survey on settlement and recruitment patterns of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Dardanelles, Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16: 319-324.
• Yıldız H., Palaz M. & Bulut M. (2006). Condition indices of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819) growing on suspended ropes in Dardanelles. Journal of Food Technology, 4(3):221-224.