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Türkiye'de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 74 - 87, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.949616

Abstract

Amaç: Yeni tip koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi dünya çapında sağlık çalışanlarını gerek fiziksel gerekse ruhsal açıdan etkileyecek birçok zorluğu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde görev alan sağlık çalışanlarının karşılaştıkları zorlukların, kaygı yaratan durumların belirlenmesi ve tükenmişlik sendromu ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi ve risk faktörleri için bir çerçeve sunulmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmamız internet üzerinden (Google.docs) uygulanan bir anket çalışması olup, sadece hekim, hemşire, ebe, diş hekimi ve eczacılardan oluşan sağlık çalışanlarının üye oldukları sosyal platformlarda uygulanmıştır. Toplam 618 katılımcı anketi tamamlamıştır. Ankette sosyodemografik veriler ve COVID-19 pandemisi deneyimleri soru formu, Hasta Sağlık Anketi-4 ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Anketi Türkiye genelinde 618 sağlık çalışanı tamamlamıştır. Çalışmamızda katılımcıların %51.9’unun anksiyete riski, %54.4’ünün depresyon riski yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Tükenmişlik alt ölçeklerinde ortalama puanlar “Duygusal Tükenme” için 18.7(±9.21), “Duyarsızlaşma” için 6.32 (±4.55) ve “Kişisel Başarı” için 12.48 (±5.31) olarak bulunmuştur. Kadın cinsiyet, COVID-19 hastaları ile temas sıklığı, kronik tıbbi veya psikiyatrik hastalık varlığı, sigara kullanımı, aynı evde 65 yaş üstü veya kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerle yaşamak, COVID-19 pozitif test sonucu ve hastane yatışı, kişisel koruyucu ekipmanlara erişim sorunu, idareciler tarafından algılanan destek eksikliği, komplo teorilerine inanmak, sosyal destek eksikliği, damgalanma ve aşırı sosyal medya kullanımının artmış depresyon, anksiyete ve tükenmişlik seviyeleri ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin ve kaliteli bir şekilde sürdürülmesi, sağlık çalışanlarının gerek fiziksel gerekse ruhsal açıdan iyi oluş hali ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu süreçte büyük özveri ile yüksek risk altında çalışan sağlık görevlilerinde, sürecin zorluklarına bağlı ortaya çıkması olası ruhsal bozuklukların erken dönemde tespiti ve ilerlemesinin önlenmesi pandemi ile mücadelenin etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmesi için son derece önemlidir.

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

-

Thanks

Çalışmamız süresince detsek olan Arş. Gör. Dr. Gamze Güleryüz, Arş. Gör. Dr. Beyza Erdoğan Aktürk, Arş. Gör. Dr. Emre Özaslan’ a ve Arş. Gör. Merve Türkegün’e katkıları için teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE et al. Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(12):1924-1932.
  • Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS et al. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution. CMAJ. 2004;170(5):793-798.
  • Jalili M, Niroomand M, Hadavand F, Zeinali K, Fotouhi A. Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;17:1–8.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):1-12.
  • Xiao X, Zhu X, Fu S, Hu Y, Li X, Xiao J. Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:405–410.
  • Poon E, Liu KS, Cheong DL, Lee CK, Yam LY, Tang WN. Impact of severe respiratory syndrome on anxiety levels of front-line health care workers. Hong Kong Med J. 2004;10(5):325-330.
  • Van Gerven E, Vander Elst T, Vandenbroeck S et al. Increased Risk of Burnout for Physicians and Nurses Involved in a Patient Safety Incident. Med Care. 2016;54(10):937-43.
  • Garcia CL, Abreu LC, Ramos JLS et al. Influence of burnout on patient safety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(9):553.
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams, JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ–4. Psychosomatics. 2009; 50(6):613-621.
  • Demirci İ, Ekşi H. Don't bother your pretty little head otherwise you can’t enjoy life. ERPA International Congresses on Education, Book of Proceedings. 28 Haziran-1 Temmuz 2018; İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Ergin C. Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğin Uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı, Editör: Bayraktar R, Dağ İ. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları; 1992, 143-154
  • Sever A. Hemşirelerin İş Stresi İle Başa Çıkma Yolları ve Bunun Sonuçlarının Araştırılması. (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul, Türkiye, ÇÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007.
  • Çapri B. Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;12:62-77.
  • Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100443. PMID: 32766545; PMCID: PMC7311903.
  • Du J, Dong L, Wang T et al. Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;67:144–145. 16. Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China. JAMA. 2003;290(20):2662-2663.
  • Tang L, Pan L, Yuan L, Zha L. Prevalence and related factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among medical staff members exposed to H7N9 patients. Int J Nurs Sci. 2016;4:63-67.
  • Evcili F, Demirel G. Covid-19 Pandemisi’nin Kadın Sağlığına Etkileri ve Öneriler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. TFSD. 2020;1(2):1-2.
  • Elbay RY, Kurtulmuş A, Arpacıoğlu S, Karadere E. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.1131 Dai Y, Hu G, Xiong H, Qiu H, Yuan X. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. medRxiv 2020.03.03.20030874. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874. (In press)
  • Mykletun A, Overland S, Aarq L, Liabq H, Stewart S. Smoking in relation to anxiety and depression: Evidence from a large population survey: the HUNT study. European Psychiatry. 2008;23(2):77-84.
  • Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;5:369:m1642. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1642. PMID: 32371466; PMCID: PMC7199468.
  • Arpacıoğlu S, Gürler M, Çakıroğlu S. Secondary Traumatization Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the Health Care Workers Exposed to the COVID-19. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;002076402094074. doi: 10.1177/0020764020940742. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.10.2020)
  • Morgantini LA, Naha U, Wang H et al. Factors Contributing to Healthcare Professional Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Turnaround Global Survey. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15(9): e0238217. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0238217.
  • Damery S, Draper H, Wilson S et al. Healthcare workers’ perceptions of the duty to work during an influenza pandemic. J Med Ethics. 2010;36:12–18. Imai H, Matsuishi K, Ito A et al. Factors associated with motivation and hesitation to work among health professionals during a public crisis: a cross sectional study of hospital workers in Japan during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:672.
  • Huremović D. Social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. In Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak (ed D Huremović): 1. Ed; Switzerland. Springer, 2019: 85–94.
  • Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2020;38(3):192-195.
  • Holman A, Garfin DR, Silver RC. Media’s role in broadcasting following the Boston Marathon bombings. PNAS. 2014;111(1):93-98.
  • Song J, Song TM, Seo DC, Jin DL, Kim JS. Social big data analysis of information spread and perceived infection risk during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in South Korea. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017;20(1):22–29.
  • Depoux A, Martin S, Karafillakis E, Preet R, Wilder-Smith A, Larson H. The Pandemic of Social Media Panic Travels Faster Than the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(3):1-2.

Investigation of challenges, anxiety, depression and burnout syndrome experienced by healthcare workers in Turkey during coronavirus pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 74 - 87, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.949616

Abstract

healthcare workers physically and mentally together. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the challenges, conditions that lead to anxiety in healthcare workers who work during COVID-19 pandemic, burnout syndrome and related factors and the risk factors. Method: Our study was a questionnaire study applied through internet (Google.docs) and conducted in social platforms of which healthcare workers including physicians, nurses, midwives, dentists and pharmacists are the members. A total of 618 participants completed the questionnaire. Socio-demographic data form, COVID-19 pandemic experiences form, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 and Maslach Burnout Scale were used in the study. Results: A total of 618 healthcare workers completed the study. Of the participants, 51.9% were detected to have anxiety risk and 54.4% were detected to have depression risk. In burnout subscales, mean score was found to be 18.7 (±9.21) for “emotional burnout”, 6.32 (±4.55) for “desensitization”, and 12,.48 (±5.31) for “personal success”. Female gender, frequency of contact with COVID-19 patients, presence of chronic medical or psychiatric disorders, smoking, living with individuals above 65 years in the same house, positive COVID-19 test result and hospitalization, problems to reach personal protective equipment, lack of social support, stigmatization and excess social media use were detected to be related with increased depression, anxiety and burnout levels. Conclusion: Maintenance of health services effectively and qualified during pandemic is suggested to be related with both physically and mentally wellbeing of healthcare workers. During this process, it is extremely important to detect and prevent the progression of mental disorders that may occur due to the difficulties of the process in healthcare professionals who work at high risk with great devotion in order to continue the fight against the pandemic effectively.

Project Number

-

References

  • Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE et al. Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(12):1924-1932.
  • Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS et al. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution. CMAJ. 2004;170(5):793-798.
  • Jalili M, Niroomand M, Hadavand F, Zeinali K, Fotouhi A. Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;17:1–8.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):1-12.
  • Xiao X, Zhu X, Fu S, Hu Y, Li X, Xiao J. Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:405–410.
  • Poon E, Liu KS, Cheong DL, Lee CK, Yam LY, Tang WN. Impact of severe respiratory syndrome on anxiety levels of front-line health care workers. Hong Kong Med J. 2004;10(5):325-330.
  • Van Gerven E, Vander Elst T, Vandenbroeck S et al. Increased Risk of Burnout for Physicians and Nurses Involved in a Patient Safety Incident. Med Care. 2016;54(10):937-43.
  • Garcia CL, Abreu LC, Ramos JLS et al. Influence of burnout on patient safety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(9):553.
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams, JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ–4. Psychosomatics. 2009; 50(6):613-621.
  • Demirci İ, Ekşi H. Don't bother your pretty little head otherwise you can’t enjoy life. ERPA International Congresses on Education, Book of Proceedings. 28 Haziran-1 Temmuz 2018; İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Ergin C. Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğin Uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı, Editör: Bayraktar R, Dağ İ. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları; 1992, 143-154
  • Sever A. Hemşirelerin İş Stresi İle Başa Çıkma Yolları ve Bunun Sonuçlarının Araştırılması. (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul, Türkiye, ÇÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007.
  • Çapri B. Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;12:62-77.
  • Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100443. PMID: 32766545; PMCID: PMC7311903.
  • Du J, Dong L, Wang T et al. Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;67:144–145. 16. Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China. JAMA. 2003;290(20):2662-2663.
  • Tang L, Pan L, Yuan L, Zha L. Prevalence and related factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among medical staff members exposed to H7N9 patients. Int J Nurs Sci. 2016;4:63-67.
  • Evcili F, Demirel G. Covid-19 Pandemisi’nin Kadın Sağlığına Etkileri ve Öneriler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. TFSD. 2020;1(2):1-2.
  • Elbay RY, Kurtulmuş A, Arpacıoğlu S, Karadere E. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.1131 Dai Y, Hu G, Xiong H, Qiu H, Yuan X. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. medRxiv 2020.03.03.20030874. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874. (In press)
  • Mykletun A, Overland S, Aarq L, Liabq H, Stewart S. Smoking in relation to anxiety and depression: Evidence from a large population survey: the HUNT study. European Psychiatry. 2008;23(2):77-84.
  • Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;5:369:m1642. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1642. PMID: 32371466; PMCID: PMC7199468.
  • Arpacıoğlu S, Gürler M, Çakıroğlu S. Secondary Traumatization Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the Health Care Workers Exposed to the COVID-19. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;002076402094074. doi: 10.1177/0020764020940742. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.10.2020)
  • Morgantini LA, Naha U, Wang H et al. Factors Contributing to Healthcare Professional Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Turnaround Global Survey. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15(9): e0238217. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0238217.
  • Damery S, Draper H, Wilson S et al. Healthcare workers’ perceptions of the duty to work during an influenza pandemic. J Med Ethics. 2010;36:12–18. Imai H, Matsuishi K, Ito A et al. Factors associated with motivation and hesitation to work among health professionals during a public crisis: a cross sectional study of hospital workers in Japan during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:672.
  • Huremović D. Social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. In Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak (ed D Huremović): 1. Ed; Switzerland. Springer, 2019: 85–94.
  • Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2020;38(3):192-195.
  • Holman A, Garfin DR, Silver RC. Media’s role in broadcasting following the Boston Marathon bombings. PNAS. 2014;111(1):93-98.
  • Song J, Song TM, Seo DC, Jin DL, Kim JS. Social big data analysis of information spread and perceived infection risk during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in South Korea. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017;20(1):22–29.
  • Depoux A, Martin S, Karafillakis E, Preet R, Wilder-Smith A, Larson H. The Pandemic of Social Media Panic Travels Faster Than the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(3):1-2.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seda Türkili 0000-0002-0079-060X

Eda Aslan 0000-0002-8795-2834

Şenel Tot 0000-0001-8586-3961

Project Number -
Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date June 8, 2021
Acceptance Date November 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkili, S., Aslan, E., & Tot, Ş. (2022). Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.949616
AMA Türkili S, Aslan E, Tot Ş. Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. April 2022;15(1):74-87. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.949616
Chicago Türkili, Seda, Eda Aslan, and Şenel Tot. “Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını Nedeniyle yaşanılan Zorluklar, kaygı, Depresyon Ve tükenmişlik Sendromunun Incelenmesi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. 1 (April 2022): 74-87. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.949616.
EndNote Türkili S, Aslan E, Tot Ş (April 1, 2022) Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 1 74–87.
IEEE S. Türkili, E. Aslan, and Ş. Tot, “Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 74–87, 2022, doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.949616.
ISNAD Türkili, Seda et al. “Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını Nedeniyle yaşanılan Zorluklar, kaygı, Depresyon Ve tükenmişlik Sendromunun Incelenmesi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15/1 (April 2022), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.949616.
JAMA Türkili S, Aslan E, Tot Ş. Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15:74–87.
MLA Türkili, Seda et al. “Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını Nedeniyle yaşanılan Zorluklar, kaygı, Depresyon Ve tükenmişlik Sendromunun Incelenmesi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, 2022, pp. 74-87, doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.949616.
Vancouver Türkili S, Aslan E, Tot Ş. Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15(1):74-87.

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