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Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 22 - 39, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351

Abstract

Amaç: Artan bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar ve antimikrobiyal direnç (AMD) halk sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bu sorunun yönetiminde sürveyans çalışmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli örneklerden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Mart 2018- Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında … Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na gönderilen klinik örneklerinden izole edilen bakterilerin tanımlama ve antibiyotik duyarlılık test (ADT) sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bakteriyolojik tanımlama ve ADT’ler için Vitek 2 otomatik cihazı kullanıldı. İzolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıkları EUCAST standartlarına göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Belirtilen tarih aralığında farklı klinik örneklerden toplam 6392 bakteriyel patojen izole edildi ve 6039 (%94.5) bakteri izolatına ADT yapıldı. Üreme tespit edilen örnek türleri arasında en sık idrar örneği (n=2982; %47.1) olmak üzere sırasıyla kan (n=1492; %23.6), trakeal aspirat (n=871; %13.8), yara (n=476; %7.5), balgam (n=154; %2.4) ve diğer klinik örnekler bunu takip etti. En sık tespit edilen bakteri türünün Esherichia coli (%28.4) olduğu görüldü. Genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (ESBL) pozitifliği E. coli için %22.6 ve Klebsiella spp. için %14.8 olarak bulundu. Staphylococcus aureus türleri içinde metisiline dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) oranı %45.6 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Enfeksiyon hastalıkları ile mücadelede bölgesel bakteriyel etken ve antimikrobiyal direnç profilinin iyi bilinmesi ve sürveyans sistemlerinin doğru işletilmesi gerekmektedir. E. coli ve Klebsiella spp. türlerindeki artışa karşı önlem olarak ampirik tedavilerin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi yararlı olacaktır. Yüksek MRSA ve ESBL oranları bölgemizi tehdit edici bir unsur olmaya devam etmektedir.

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References

  • Singh N, Manchanda V. Control of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in low- and middle-income countries-high impact interventions without much resources. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(4):216-218.
  • Moghnieh RA, Kanafani ZA, Tabaja HZ, et al. Epidemiology of common resistant bacterial pathogens in the countries of the Arab League. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(12):379-394.
  • Azimi T, Maham S, Fallah F, et al. Evaluating the antimicrobial resistance patterns among major bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens taken from patients in Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran: 2013-2018. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2089-2102.
  • World Health Organization. Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics 2017. http://remed.org/wp-content/uploads /2017/03/lobal-priority-list-of-antibiotic -resistant-bacteria-2017.pdf Şubat 2017’de basıldı. 15 Ocak 2022’de erişildi.
  • Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et al. WHO Pathogens Priority List Working Group. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):318-327.
  • Allegranzi B, Nejad SB, Combescure C, et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9761):228-241.
  • Tille PM, Forbes BA. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. 14th Ed., St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier, 2017.
  • The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 09 2019. http:/www.eucast.org 10 Ağustos 2020’de erişildi.
  • CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility test, Fifteenth informational supplement CLSI document M100-S15, Wayne, USA: 2011.
  • Samuel S, Kayode O, Musa O, et al. Nosocomial infections and the challenges of control in developing countries. Afr J Clin Exper Microbiol. 2010;11(2):102-110.
  • Kariyawasam RM, Julien DA, Jelinski DC, et al. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022;11(1):45
  • Huttner A, Harbarth S, Carlet J, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: a global view from the 2013 world healthcare-associated infections forum. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013;2(1):1-13.
  • Diallo OO, Baron SA, Abat C, et al. Antibiotic resistance surveillance systems: A review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;23:430-438.
  • Agyepong N, Govinden U, Owusu-Ofori A, Essack SY. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7(1):1-8.
  • İgan H, Hancı H. Dört yıllık süreçte yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastaların idrar kültürlerinde üreyen mikroorganizmaların dağılımı ve izole edilen Gram-negatif bakterilerin antibiyotik dirençleri. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2022;20(1):25-30.
  • Müderris T, Yurtsever SG, Baran N, et al. Kan kültürlerinde izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık paternlerinin son beş yıldaki değişimi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2019;76(3):231-242.
  • Barış A, Bulut ME, Öncül A, Bayraktar B. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalara ait klinik izolatların tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2017;15(1):21-27.
  • Tuon FF, Cieslinski J, Ono AFM, et al. Microbiological profile and susceptibility pattern of surgical site infections related to orthopaedic trauma. Int Orthop. 2019;43(6):1309-1313.
  • Gupta M, Naik AK, Singh SK. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn wound infections in a tertiary care hospital. Heliyon. 2019;5(12):e02956.
  • Kavitha Y, Mohan S, Moinuddin SK. Bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infection with special reference to ESBL and MRSA in a coastal tertiary care teaching hospital. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2017;4(1):68-73.
  • Sisay M, Worku T, Edessa D. Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;20(1):1-19.
  • Ahmadkhosravi N, Khosravi AD, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, et al. Study of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in a referral center, Southwest Iran: A three year cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0259512.
  • Eltwisy HO, Twisy HO, Hafez MH, Sayed IM, El-Mokhtar MA. Clinical infections, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Microorganisms. 2022;10(6):1130.
  • Eltwisy HO, Abdel-Fattah M, Elsisi AM, Omar MM, Abdelmoteleb AA, El-Mokhtar MA. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells. Virulence. 2020;11(1):1142-1157.
  • Jain P, Galiya A, Luke Philip S, et al. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14701.
  • Tobin EA, Samuel SO, Inyang NJ, Adewuyi GM, Nmema EE. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in clinical ısolates from the out-patient departments of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2021;24(8):1225-1233.
  • Osman O, Aygan A, Çömlekcioğlu N, Çelik İS. Kan kültürlerinde üreyen Gram negatif bakteriler ve antibiyotik duyarlılık profilleri. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;3(2):11-19.
  • MacKinnon MC, McEwen SA, Pearl DL, et al. Increasing incidence and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(1):131.
  • Wang G, Zhao G, Chao X, Xie L, Wang H. The characteristic of virulence, biofilm and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6278.
  • Avcıküçük H, Altın N. İdrar kültürlerinden izole edilen bakteriler ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere karşı direnç durumları. Klimik Dergisi. 2022;35(2):95-102.
  • Şenol FF, Bahçeci İ, Aytaç Ö, Pinar Ö, Toraman ZA. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Gram negatif GSBL pozitif bakterilerin antibiyotiklere direnç oranları. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 2021;12(4):451-457.
  • Markovska R, Stankova P, Stoeva T, et al. Fecal carriage and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/carbapenemases producing enterobacterales ısolates in Bulgarian hospitals. Antibiotics. 2021;10(6):747.
  • Sığ AK, Duran AÇ, Tuğba K, Nermin Ö, Irmak O, Yarar M. Distribution of clinical Staphylococccus aureus isolates and antibiotic resistance profile: Three-year data. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2022;12(6):984-988.
  • Şanlı K, Kömürcü SZM, Kansak N, Adaleti R. Staphylococcus aureus’un onbeş yılda metisilin direnç ve antibiyogram direnç profilinin ve görülme sıklığının değişimi. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2021;51(1):15-22

Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from a tertiary hospital in Niğde: a three-year evaluation

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 22 - 39, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351

Abstract

Aim: Increasing bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens public health. Surveillance studies are of great importance in the management of this problem. In this study, it was aimed to determine the species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from various samples. Method: Identification and antibiotic susceptibility test (ADT) results of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens sent to …. Hospital Medical Microbiology Laboratory between March 2018 and March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The Vitek 2 automated device was used for bacteriological identification and ADTs. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Results: A total of 6392 bacterial pathogens were isolated from different clinical specimens during the specified date range and ADT was applied to 6039 (94.5%) bacterial isolates. Among the sample types in which growth was detected, the most common urine sample (n=2982; 47.1%) was blood (n=1492; 23.6%), tracheal aspirate (n=871; 13.8%), wound (n=476; 7.5%), sputum (n=154; 2.4%) and other clinical specimens followed. The most frequently detected bacterial species was Esherichia coli (28.4%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity was 22.6% for E. coli and 14.8% for Klebsiella spp. The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among S. aureus species was found to be 45.6%. Conclusion: In the fight against infectious diseases, the local bacterial agent and antimicrobial resistance profile should be well known and surveillance systems should be operated correctly. It would be useful to reconsider empirical treatments as a precaution against the increase in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. species. High MRSA and ESBL rates continue to be a threat to our region.

References

  • Singh N, Manchanda V. Control of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in low- and middle-income countries-high impact interventions without much resources. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(4):216-218.
  • Moghnieh RA, Kanafani ZA, Tabaja HZ, et al. Epidemiology of common resistant bacterial pathogens in the countries of the Arab League. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(12):379-394.
  • Azimi T, Maham S, Fallah F, et al. Evaluating the antimicrobial resistance patterns among major bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens taken from patients in Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran: 2013-2018. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2089-2102.
  • World Health Organization. Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics 2017. http://remed.org/wp-content/uploads /2017/03/lobal-priority-list-of-antibiotic -resistant-bacteria-2017.pdf Şubat 2017’de basıldı. 15 Ocak 2022’de erişildi.
  • Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et al. WHO Pathogens Priority List Working Group. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):318-327.
  • Allegranzi B, Nejad SB, Combescure C, et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9761):228-241.
  • Tille PM, Forbes BA. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. 14th Ed., St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier, 2017.
  • The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 09 2019. http:/www.eucast.org 10 Ağustos 2020’de erişildi.
  • CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility test, Fifteenth informational supplement CLSI document M100-S15, Wayne, USA: 2011.
  • Samuel S, Kayode O, Musa O, et al. Nosocomial infections and the challenges of control in developing countries. Afr J Clin Exper Microbiol. 2010;11(2):102-110.
  • Kariyawasam RM, Julien DA, Jelinski DC, et al. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022;11(1):45
  • Huttner A, Harbarth S, Carlet J, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: a global view from the 2013 world healthcare-associated infections forum. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013;2(1):1-13.
  • Diallo OO, Baron SA, Abat C, et al. Antibiotic resistance surveillance systems: A review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;23:430-438.
  • Agyepong N, Govinden U, Owusu-Ofori A, Essack SY. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7(1):1-8.
  • İgan H, Hancı H. Dört yıllık süreçte yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastaların idrar kültürlerinde üreyen mikroorganizmaların dağılımı ve izole edilen Gram-negatif bakterilerin antibiyotik dirençleri. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2022;20(1):25-30.
  • Müderris T, Yurtsever SG, Baran N, et al. Kan kültürlerinde izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık paternlerinin son beş yıldaki değişimi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2019;76(3):231-242.
  • Barış A, Bulut ME, Öncül A, Bayraktar B. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalara ait klinik izolatların tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2017;15(1):21-27.
  • Tuon FF, Cieslinski J, Ono AFM, et al. Microbiological profile and susceptibility pattern of surgical site infections related to orthopaedic trauma. Int Orthop. 2019;43(6):1309-1313.
  • Gupta M, Naik AK, Singh SK. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn wound infections in a tertiary care hospital. Heliyon. 2019;5(12):e02956.
  • Kavitha Y, Mohan S, Moinuddin SK. Bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infection with special reference to ESBL and MRSA in a coastal tertiary care teaching hospital. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2017;4(1):68-73.
  • Sisay M, Worku T, Edessa D. Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;20(1):1-19.
  • Ahmadkhosravi N, Khosravi AD, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, et al. Study of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in a referral center, Southwest Iran: A three year cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0259512.
  • Eltwisy HO, Twisy HO, Hafez MH, Sayed IM, El-Mokhtar MA. Clinical infections, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Microorganisms. 2022;10(6):1130.
  • Eltwisy HO, Abdel-Fattah M, Elsisi AM, Omar MM, Abdelmoteleb AA, El-Mokhtar MA. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells. Virulence. 2020;11(1):1142-1157.
  • Jain P, Galiya A, Luke Philip S, et al. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14701.
  • Tobin EA, Samuel SO, Inyang NJ, Adewuyi GM, Nmema EE. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in clinical ısolates from the out-patient departments of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2021;24(8):1225-1233.
  • Osman O, Aygan A, Çömlekcioğlu N, Çelik İS. Kan kültürlerinde üreyen Gram negatif bakteriler ve antibiyotik duyarlılık profilleri. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;3(2):11-19.
  • MacKinnon MC, McEwen SA, Pearl DL, et al. Increasing incidence and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(1):131.
  • Wang G, Zhao G, Chao X, Xie L, Wang H. The characteristic of virulence, biofilm and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6278.
  • Avcıküçük H, Altın N. İdrar kültürlerinden izole edilen bakteriler ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere karşı direnç durumları. Klimik Dergisi. 2022;35(2):95-102.
  • Şenol FF, Bahçeci İ, Aytaç Ö, Pinar Ö, Toraman ZA. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Gram negatif GSBL pozitif bakterilerin antibiyotiklere direnç oranları. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 2021;12(4):451-457.
  • Markovska R, Stankova P, Stoeva T, et al. Fecal carriage and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/carbapenemases producing enterobacterales ısolates in Bulgarian hospitals. Antibiotics. 2021;10(6):747.
  • Sığ AK, Duran AÇ, Tuğba K, Nermin Ö, Irmak O, Yarar M. Distribution of clinical Staphylococccus aureus isolates and antibiotic resistance profile: Three-year data. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2022;12(6):984-988.
  • Şanlı K, Kömürcü SZM, Kansak N, Adaleti R. Staphylococcus aureus’un onbeş yılda metisilin direnç ve antibiyogram direnç profilinin ve görülme sıklığının değişimi. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2021;51(1):15-22
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Taylan Bozok 0000-0002-7094-4838

Ali Öztürk 0000-0003-2428-1831

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date September 13, 2022
Acceptance Date December 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bozok, T., & Öztürk, A. (2023). Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351
AMA Bozok T, Öztürk A. Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. April 2023;16(1):22-39. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351
Chicago Bozok, Taylan, and Ali Öztürk. “Niğde Ilinde üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastaneden Izole Edilen Bakterilerin tür dağılımı Ve Antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16, no. 1 (April 2023): 22-39. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351.
EndNote Bozok T, Öztürk A (April 1, 2023) Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 22–39.
IEEE T. Bozok and A. Öztürk, “Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 22–39, 2023, doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351.
ISNAD Bozok, Taylan - Öztürk, Ali. “Niğde Ilinde üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastaneden Izole Edilen Bakterilerin tür dağılımı Ve Antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (April 2023), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351.
JAMA Bozok T, Öztürk A. Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2023;16:22–39.
MLA Bozok, Taylan and Ali Öztürk. “Niğde Ilinde üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastaneden Izole Edilen Bakterilerin tür dağılımı Ve Antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 1, 2023, pp. 22-39, doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.1174351.
Vancouver Bozok T, Öztürk A. Niğde ilinde üçüncü basamak bir hastaneden izole edilen bakterilerin tür dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: üç yıllık değerlendirme. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2023;16(1):22-39.

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