MECHANISMS OF SCHUMPETERIAN COMPETITION IN TURKISH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES -TÜRKIYE İMALAT SANAYİİNDE SCHUMPETER’İN REKABET MEKANİZMALARI

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 121 - 135, 30.12.2020

Maya Moalla

Abstract

Schumpeter’in rekabeti, firmaların rakiplerine göre rekabet avantajı elde etmelerini sağlayan yenilik sürecidir. Schumpeter tarafından iki rekabet modeli sunulmaktadır. Birincisi (1934) Mark I olarak; ikincisi ise (1950) Mark II modeli olarak bilinmektedir. Mark I modelinde, yenilik mevcut firmalar yerini yeni giren firmalar tarafından getirilmektedir. Aksine, Mark II modelinde yenilikler, yeni giren firmalar değil, mevcut olan firmalar tarafından getirilmektedir. Schumpeter’in Mark I ve Mark II modelleri arasındaki ayrım, endüstrilerin dinamiklerini belirlemek için bir ikilem olarak kullanılmıştır. Türkiye imalat sanayilerinde (2010-2015) döneminde Schumpeter’in rekabet mekanizmalarını tespit etme amacıyla Price'in ayrıştırma tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Başka bir deyişle, bu çalışma emek üretkenliğinin (ΔZ) artışını ekonomik seçim, yenilik ve net giriş etkileri ile ayrıştırarak incelemektedir. Schumpeter’in Mark I firmaları güçlü giriş etkisiyle karakterize edilirken, Mark II firmaları güçlü inovasyon ile karakterize edilmektedir. Türkiye İstatistik Enstitüsünün (TSI) 2010-2015 dönemi için Türkiye imalat sanayi NACE (Avrupa Topluluğundaki Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin İstatistiksel Sınıflaması, revize 2) dört haneli alt sektör verileri kullanılmıştır. Türkiye imalat sanayinde emek üretkenliği 2010-2015 dönemi için yirmi bir alt-sektörde pozitif büyüme göstermiştir. Son olarak, sonuçlar imalat endüstrilerinin neredeyse çoğunun, Schumpeter’in Mark II rekabet modelini takip ettiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Schumpeter’in Rekabeti, yenilik, ekonomik seçim

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