Meyve Bahçelerimizin En Yaygın Virüsünün Neden Olduğu Hastalıklar

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 36 - 44, 31.12.2019

Birol Akbaş

Abstract

Meyve
ağaçlarında en yaygın ve sıklıkla görülen virüslerin başında gelen elma mozaik
virüsü (Apple mosaic virus, ApMV) ülkemizde
ve dünyada uzun zamandan beri bilinen ve meyvelerin yanı sıra birçok bitkide
hastalık yapan virüslerin başında gelmektedir. Virüs yumuşak çekirdekli, sert
çekirdekli, üzümsü ve fındık gibi meyvelerin yanı sıra at kestanesi, huş ağacı ve
gülde de hastalığa yol açan önemli bir virüstür. Ülkemizde hemen hemen elma ve fındık
yetiştiriciliği yapılan tüm alanlarda saptanmış olmasının yanı sıra, erik ve
böğürtlende de bulunması ve bu ürünlerdeki negatif etkisinden dolayı en çok
çalışılan viral etmenlerin başında gelmektedir. 
Meyve bahçelerimizin en yaygın   virüsünün, ülkemizde hastalandırdığı
konukçuları, oluşturduğu belirtileri, yaygınlığı, yayılma yolları ve olası
mücadelesine yönelik bilgiler verilmeye çalışılmıştır. 

Keywords

ApMV, konukçu dizisi, belirtileri, dağılışı, Rubus canescens

References

• Akbaş B, İlhan D, Atlamaz A, 2004. A Preliminary Survey for Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Viruses in Turkey. 6th Int. Congr. on Hazelnut (14-18 June, 2004. Tarragona, Reus, Spain) Abstract Book. pp. 94.
• Akbaş B, İlhan D, 2005. Widespread Distribution of Apple mosaic virus on Apple in Turkey. Plant Disease 89 ( 9): 1010.
• Akbaş B, Degirmenci K, 2009. Incidence and Natural Spread of Apple mosaic virus on Hazelnut in the West Black Sea Coast of Turkey and its Effect on Yield. Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 767–771.
• Akbaş B, Degirmenci K, 2010. Simultaneous Detection of Apple mosaic virus in Cultivated Hazelnuts by one-tube RT-PCR. Afr J Biotechnol 9: 1753-1757.
• Arlı Sökmen M, Şevik MA, Yılmaz MA, 2004. Samsun’da Fındık (Corylus avellana L.) Alanlarının Elma mozayik virüsü (ApMV) ile Bulaşıklık Durumunun Belirlenmesi. Türkiye I. Bitki Koruma Kong. Bildirileri, 8-10 Eylül, Samsun, Türkiye. 173 s.
• Arlı Sökmen M, Kutluk Yılmaz ND, Mennan H, Şevik MA, 2005. Natural Weed Hosts of Apple mosaic virus in Hazelnut Orchards in Turkey. J. of Plant Path. 87: 239-242.
• Aramburu JM, Rovira M, 2000. Incidence and Natural Spread of Apple mosaic ilarvirus in Hazel in North-East Spain. Plant Pathology 49, 423–427.
• Barba M, Martino L, Lauretti F, 1992. Comparison of Different Methods to Produce Virus Free Stone Fruits. Acta Horticulturae 309, 385–392.Baumann G, Casper R, Converse RH, 1982. The Occurrence of Apple mosaic virus in Red and Black Raspberry and in Blackberry cultivars. Acta Hort. 129: 13-20.
• Cameron HR, Thompson M, 1986. Seed Transmission of Apple mosaic virus in Hazelnut. Acta Horticulturae 193, 131–132.
• Chamberlain EE, Atkinson JD, Hunter JA, Wood GA, 1971. Effect of Apple mosaic virus on Growth and Cropping of ‘Freyberg’ Apple Trees. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 936–943.
• Çağlayan K, Ulubaş Serçe C, Gazel M, Jelkmann W, 2006. Detection of 4 Apple Viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR Assays in Turkey. Turkish. J. of Ag. For. 30:241-246.
• Dursunoğlu Ş, Ertunç F, 2008. Distribution of Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV) in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae 781:131-134.
• Elibüyük İÖ, Erdiller G, 1998. Studies on the Identification of Viruses in Stone Fruit Trees Growing in Malatya Province. Pr. the 8th Turk. Phy. Con., Ankara, pp. 89– 94.
• EPPO/CABI, 1996. Apple mosaic ilarvirus in Rubus. In: Quarantine pests for Europe. 2nd edition (Ed. by Smith, IM; McNamara DG; Scott PR; Holderness M), UK.
• Ertunç F., Sökmen MA, Sezer A, Canik D, 2009. Current Status of Apple mosaic ilarvirus in Turkey. 21st International Conference on Virus and other Graft Transmissible Diseases of Fruit Crops Germany, 5 -10. July.
• Ertunç F, Canik D, Gospodaryk A, Budzanivska IG, Polischuk VP, 2011. Elma mozaik ilarvirüsü Türkiye ve Ukrayna İzolatlarının Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 95-104.
• Ertunç F, Topkaya S, Sezer A, 2014. Distribution and Molecular Detection of Apple mosaic virus in Apple and Hazelnut in Turkey. African J. of Bio. 13: 3144-3149.
• Ertunç F, 2016. Genomic Conformation of Apple mosaic virus Turkish Isolates Coat Protein Gene Regions. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 10 (2): 35-40.
• Ertunç F, Sezer A, Orel DC, 2018. Molecular Characterization and Sequence Detection of Apple mosaic virus hazelnut isolates. Acta Hor. 1226: IX Int. Co. on Hazelnut
• Fidan Ü.,1994. Indexing of Apple Trees for ApMV, ACLSV and ASGV by ELISA. Journal Turkish Phytopath,Vol. 23, No: 3. s, 127-132.
• Fidan Ü, Azeri T, 1996. Ege Bölgesinde Elma Ağaçlarında Görülen Virüs Hastalıklarının Saptanması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. ZM Arş Yıllığı. T.C. TKB TAGEM, BSAD Başkanlığı No:28-29. 165.
• Fulton R.W., 1965. A Comparison of Two Viruses Associated with Plum Line-Pattern and Apple Mosaic. Zaftita Bilja 16, 427–430.
• Fulton RW, 1972. Apple mosaic virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of plant viruses, N. 83.
• Golino DA, Sim ST, Cunningham M, Rowhani A, 2007. Transmission of Rose mosaic viruses. Acta Horticulturae 751, 271–224.
• Grimová L, Wınkowska L, Konrady M, Ryšánek P, 2016. Apple mosaic virüs. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 55 (1) 1−19.
• Hunter JA, Chamberlain EE, Atkinson JD, 1958. Note on the Transmission of Apple mosaic virus by Natural Root Grafting. New Zealand J. of Agri. Research 1, 80–82.
• Hunter JA, Chamberlain EE, Atkinson JD, 1959. Note on a Modification in Technique for Inactivating Apple mosaic virus in Apple Wood by Heat Treatment. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 2, 45–46.
• Ilbağı H, Çıtır A, Bostan H, 2008. Prunus spinosa L. – A Natural Wild Host of Some Important Fruit Viruses in Tekirdag, Turkey. Acta Horticulture 781, 33–36.
• Kinoti WM, Constable FE, Nancarrow N, Plummer KM, Rodoni B, 2018. The Incidence and Genetic Diversity of Apple Mosaic Virus (ApMV) and Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) in Prunus Species in Australia. Viruses, 10, 136; doi:10.3390/v10030136
• Kobylko T, Nowak B, Urban A, 2005. Incidence of Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) on Hazelnut in South-East Poland. Folia Horticulturae 17, 153–161.
• Korkmaz G, Sipahioğlu H M, Usta M, 2013. Survey of Apple mosaic virus in Apple-Growing Provinces of East Anatolia (Malatya and Van) by RNA probe hybridization assay and RT-PCR. Turkish J. of Ag. and For. 37, 711–718.
• Kristensen H R, Thomsen A, 1963. Apple mosaic virus – Host Plants and Strains. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 2, 97–102.
• Kutluk Yılmaz N D, Yanar Y, Kadıoğlu I, Yanar D, 2005. Tokat İli Elma Bahçelerinde ApMV’nin Yayılış Durumunun Belirlenmesi. OMÜ, ZF Dergisi, 20 (3): 12-15.
• Marenaud C. and E. Germain, 1975. La Mosaique du Noisetier. Annales de Phytopathologie 7, 133–145.
• Matic S, Sánchez-Navarro JA, Mandic B, Myrta A, Pallás V, 2008. Tracking Three Ilarviruses in Stone Fruit Trees Throughout the Year by ELISA and Tissue-Printing Hybridization. Journal of Plant Pathology 90, 137–141.
• Navarro L, 1988. Application of Shoot-Tip Grafting in Vitro to Woody Species. Acta Horticulturae 227, 43–55.
• Özkan M, Kurçman S, 1976. Orta Anadolu Elma Bahçelerinde Görülen Virüs Hastalıkları. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 16(2):106-115.
• Pethybridge SJ, Wilson CR, Hay FS, Leggett GW, Sherriff LJ, 2002. Mechanical Transmission of Apple mosaic virus in Australian hop (Humulus lupulus) gardens. Annals of Applied Biology 141, 77–85.
• Posnette AF, Cropley R, 1956. Apple mosaic virus host reactions and strain interference. Journal of Horticulture Science 31, 119–133.
• Postman JD, Cameron HR, 1987. Apple mosaic virus in U.S. Filbert Germ Plasm. Plant Disease 71, 944–945.
• Postman JD, Mehlenbacher SA, 1994. Apple mosaic virus in Hazelnut Germplasm. Acta Horticulturae 351, 601–609.
• Svoboda J, Polák J, 2010. Relative Concentration of Apple mosaic virus Coat Protein in Different Parts of Apple Tree. Horticulture Science 37, 22–26.
• Torrance L, Dolby CA, 1984. Immunosorbent Assay of Three Ilarviruses in Fruit Trees. Annals of Applied Biology 104, 267–276.
• Turk BA, 1996. Detection of ApMV, ACLSV and ASGV in Apple Trees by ELISA Using Different Plant Tissues. Reports of Biotechnical Fac. of the Ljubljana Uni. 67, 151–157.
• Uzunoğulları N, Ilbağı H, 2009. Güneydoğu Marmara Bölgesinde Yumuşak Çekirdekli Meyvelerde Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV)’un saptanması. Bahçe 38, 9–14.
• Wood GA, Chamberlain EE, Atkinson JD, Hunter JA, 1975. Field Studies with Apple mosaic virus. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 18, 399-404.
• Yardımcı N, Eryiğit H, 2006. Isparta İli Elma Üretim Alanlarında Apple mosaic virus, ApMV)’unun Belirlenmesi. SDÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10-2: 185-187
• Yardımcı N, Çevik B, Eryiğit H, 2008. Detection of ApMV on Apple Cultivars Growing in South West Turkey by ELISA and RT-PCR Methods. Acta Hor. 781: 561-565.
• Yardımcı N, Culal H, 2009. Occurence and Incidence of PNRSV, ArMV and ApMV in oil rose in lakes region of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop And Horticultural Science 37 ( 2): 95-98