PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF UNDERWRITING IN SHIP FINANCING
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 43 - 74, 01.03.2018
Erhan Aslanoğlu
Tansel Erkmen
Öz
The subject of this paper is the performance evaluation of the shipping finance underwriting. Insurance included in shipping finance is crucial for the financier to obtain as little credit as possible and we examine how the financing ship is sufficiently protected by the ship finance insurance. The complexity of ratios reports provides a perception of profitability in terms of percentages. This will be suitable for comparing companies and default ratios over time within the shipping business. The result of the model is formulated based on shipping companies in the world. We have analyzed the financial information based on the end result at companies’ fiscal year of all shipping firms since 2011 till at the end of 2016, according to their financial statements. Our approach provides confidence intervals for the default probability of each rating. The probability of default interval can be adjusted by choosing an appropriate level of confidence.
Kaynakça
- Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23: 589-609.
- Aven, T. (2003). Foundations of Risk Analysis. A Knowledge and Decision Oriented Approach.
- Avenhuis, J.O. (2013). Testing the Generalizability of the Bankruptcy Prediction Models of Altman, Ohlson and Zmijewski for Dutch Listed and Large non-Listed Firms. (Master’s thesis, University of Twente). Available at: http://essay.utwente.nl/64326/.
- Becker, D. (2010). Credit Underwriting After the Crisis. Mckinsey & Company Inc.Working papers on Risk, No: 21
- Berman, N., De Sousa, J., Martin, P., and Mayer, T. (2012). Time to Ship during Financial Crises. NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics, 9(1): 225–260. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ info/10.1086/669587.
- Bourgeon, J., Picard, P. and Pouyet, J. (2008). Providers’ Affiliation, Insurance and Collusion. Journal of Banking and Finance, 32: 170-186.
- Cummins, J.D. and Danzon, P.M. (1997). Price, Financial Quality, and Capital Flows in Insurance Markets. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 6: 3-38.
- Dionne, G. (2013). Risk management: History, definition, and critique. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 16(2): 147-166.
- Doherty, Neil A. and James Garven. (1995). Insurance Cycles: Interest Rates and the Capacity Constraint Model. Journal of Business, 68: 383-404.
- Fabozzi, F.J., Mann, S. V. and Choudhry, M. (2003). Measuring and Controlling Interest Rate and Credit Risk. John Wiley & Sons.
- Faulkender, M., and Petersen, M. A. (2006). Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure?. Review of Financial Studies, 19(1): 45-79.
- Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2009). Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important?. Financial Management, 38(1), 1-37.
- Fung, H. G., Lai, G. C., Patterson, G. A., and Witt, R. C. (1998). Underwriting Cycles in Property and Liability Insurance: an Empirical Analysis of Industry and by-line Data. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 539-561.
- Girard, L. N. (2000). Market Value of Insurance Liabilities: Reconciling the Actuarial Appraisal and Option Pricing Methods. North American Actuarial Journal, 4(1): 31-49.
- Haley, J. D. (1993). A Cointegration Analysis of the Relationship between Underwriting Margins and Interest Rates: 1930-1989. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 480-493.
- Ivashina, V. and Scharfstein, D. (2010). Bank Lending during the Financial Crisis of 2008. Journal of Financial Economics, 97(3): 319-338.
- Jafry, Y. and Schuermann, T. (2004). Measurement, Estimation and Comparison of Credit Migration Matrices. Journal of Banking and Finance, 28(11): 2603-2639.
- Myhr, A. E., & Markham, J. J. (2003). Insurance Operations, Regulation and Statutory Accounting. Insurance Institute of America.
- Ohlson, J. A. (1980). Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18: 109-131.
- Standard, A. (2011). Risk Classification ( for All Practice Areas ). , 2011(12). Stiglitz, J. E., and Weiss, A. (1981). Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information. American Economic Review, 71.
- Zmijewski, M. E. (1984). Methodological Issues Related to the Estimation of Financial Distress Prediction Models. Journal of Accounting Research, 59-82.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 43 - 74, 01.03.2018
Erhan Aslanoğlu
Tansel Erkmen
Kaynakça
- Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23: 589-609.
- Aven, T. (2003). Foundations of Risk Analysis. A Knowledge and Decision Oriented Approach.
- Avenhuis, J.O. (2013). Testing the Generalizability of the Bankruptcy Prediction Models of Altman, Ohlson and Zmijewski for Dutch Listed and Large non-Listed Firms. (Master’s thesis, University of Twente). Available at: http://essay.utwente.nl/64326/.
- Becker, D. (2010). Credit Underwriting After the Crisis. Mckinsey & Company Inc.Working papers on Risk, No: 21
- Berman, N., De Sousa, J., Martin, P., and Mayer, T. (2012). Time to Ship during Financial Crises. NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics, 9(1): 225–260. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ info/10.1086/669587.
- Bourgeon, J., Picard, P. and Pouyet, J. (2008). Providers’ Affiliation, Insurance and Collusion. Journal of Banking and Finance, 32: 170-186.
- Cummins, J.D. and Danzon, P.M. (1997). Price, Financial Quality, and Capital Flows in Insurance Markets. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 6: 3-38.
- Dionne, G. (2013). Risk management: History, definition, and critique. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 16(2): 147-166.
- Doherty, Neil A. and James Garven. (1995). Insurance Cycles: Interest Rates and the Capacity Constraint Model. Journal of Business, 68: 383-404.
- Fabozzi, F.J., Mann, S. V. and Choudhry, M. (2003). Measuring and Controlling Interest Rate and Credit Risk. John Wiley & Sons.
- Faulkender, M., and Petersen, M. A. (2006). Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure?. Review of Financial Studies, 19(1): 45-79.
- Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2009). Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important?. Financial Management, 38(1), 1-37.
- Fung, H. G., Lai, G. C., Patterson, G. A., and Witt, R. C. (1998). Underwriting Cycles in Property and Liability Insurance: an Empirical Analysis of Industry and by-line Data. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 539-561.
- Girard, L. N. (2000). Market Value of Insurance Liabilities: Reconciling the Actuarial Appraisal and Option Pricing Methods. North American Actuarial Journal, 4(1): 31-49.
- Haley, J. D. (1993). A Cointegration Analysis of the Relationship between Underwriting Margins and Interest Rates: 1930-1989. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 480-493.
- Ivashina, V. and Scharfstein, D. (2010). Bank Lending during the Financial Crisis of 2008. Journal of Financial Economics, 97(3): 319-338.
- Jafry, Y. and Schuermann, T. (2004). Measurement, Estimation and Comparison of Credit Migration Matrices. Journal of Banking and Finance, 28(11): 2603-2639.
- Myhr, A. E., & Markham, J. J. (2003). Insurance Operations, Regulation and Statutory Accounting. Insurance Institute of America.
- Ohlson, J. A. (1980). Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18: 109-131.
- Standard, A. (2011). Risk Classification ( for All Practice Areas ). , 2011(12). Stiglitz, J. E., and Weiss, A. (1981). Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information. American Economic Review, 71.
- Zmijewski, M. E. (1984). Methodological Issues Related to the Estimation of Financial Distress Prediction Models. Journal of Accounting Research, 59-82.