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A Re-examination of the Sarcophagus Inscription at Turant Asarı

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 33 - 41, 30.06.2011

Abstract

In this article, a published sarcophagus inscription from Turant Asarı located 5 km northeast of Myra is re-examined and given a new reading. The era in the first line of the inscription and some personal names in other lines could not be precisely read in the first edition and these issues were then left without comment. The date ἔτους θορ′ μηνὸς Αὐδναίου ια′ (11th Audnaios 179) in the first line is read clearly. This date must have not been reckoned from 311 BC according to the Seleucid era as the year 179 corresponds to 133/32 BC which is too early for the epigraphic form of the letters in this inscription. It may be the Sullan era (179 = AD 94/5). But to date the inscription to the period after AD 43 seems doubtful from the kitharephoroi specified as the currency of penalty payment in the inscription. The typology of the sarcophagus ant the letters characteristics of the inscription indicate a date around the end of first century BC or the beginning of first century AD and do not permit consideration of an era later than that of Sulla. This approximately dating is taken into consideration the year 179 goes back to the first half of the second century BC. The most important year in this period is 168/7 BC with the independence of Lycia from Rhodian dominion that would mark the beginning of the Lycian era. In consequence, this article suggests the date recorded on this inscription was probably calculated from 168/7 BC (AD 11/12), the beginning of a new local era in Lycia.

In the inscription two new personal names are deciphered as a result of the new reading as Βρακασανοα Τεδισβεους. In the article, it is suggested that Eleuthera mentioned in the inscription should be Eleuthera Trebendatike. In previous editions the missing name and ethnicon of craftsman of the sarcophagus is here read as Θεόφραστος Κυανείτης

References

  • Balland, A. (1981). Inscripions d’époque impériale du Létôon (Fouilles de Xanthos VII). Paris.
  • Behrwald, R. (2000). Der Lykische Bund. Untersuchungen zu Geschichte und Verfassung (Antiquitas, Reihe 1, Band 48). Bonn.
  • Bickermann, E. (1933). Chronologie (Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft, III. Band, 5. Bulletin). Leipzig, Berlin.
  • Borchhardt, J. (1975). Die Ruinen von Gürses. In J. Borchhardt (Ed.), Myra. Eine lykische Metropole in antiker und byzantinischer Zeit (81-86) (Istanbuler Forschungen 30). Berlin.
  • CIG. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum.
  • Diamantaras, A. S. (1889). Ἀρχαία ἐπιτύμβιος ἐπιγραφὴ ἐν Μύροις Λυκίας. Athener Mitteilungen, 14, 412-413.
  • Fellows, C. (1841). An Account of Discoveries in Lycia. London.
  • Harrison, M. (1979). Lycian Survey 1978. In R. Naumann et al., Recent Archaeological Research in Turkey, Anatolian Studies, 29, 181-210.
  • Harrison, M. (2001). Mountain and Plan. From the Lycian Coast to the Phrygian Plateau in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period. Ann Arbor.
  • Heberdey, R., & Wilhelm, A. (1896). Reisen in Kilikien (Denkschrift Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 44). Vienna.
  • Heberdey, R., & Kalinka, E. (1897). Bericht über zwei Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien (Östereichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Denkschriften 45). Vienna.
  • Hellenkemper, H., & Hild, F. (2004). Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8: Lykien und Pamphylien (Denkschrift Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 320). Vienna.
  • Hicks, E. L. (1891). Inscriptions from Western Cilicia. Journal of Hellenic Studies, 12, 225-273.
  • Houwink ten Cate, P. H. J. (1961). The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic Period. Leiden.
  • IG. Inscriptiones Graecae.
  • IGR. Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res Romanas Pertinentes.
  • Jacobsthal, P., & Jones, A. H. M. (1940). A Silver Find from South-West Asia Minor. Journal of Roman Studies 30, 16-31.
  • Jameson, S. (1980). The Lycian League: Some Problems in its Administration. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.7.2, 832-855.

A Re-examination of the Sarcophagus Inscription at Turant Asarı

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 33 - 41, 30.06.2011

Abstract

Bu makalede, Myra'nın 5 km kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Turant Asarı'ndan yayınlı bir mezar yazıtı yeni okumalarla birlikte incelenmektedir. Yazıtın ilk satırındaki era tarihlemesi ve diğer satırlardaki bazı şahıs isimleri Schweyer tarafından yapılan ilk yayında tam olarak okunamamış ve bu hususlar yorumsuz bırakılmıştır. İlk satırdaki tarih ἔτους θορ′ μηνὸς Αὐδναίου ια′ (11 Audnaios 179) açıkça okunmaktadır. Bu tarih Seleukos erasına göre İÖ. 311 yılından itibaren hesaplanmış olamaz. Çünkü 179 yılının tekabül ettiği İÖ. 133/32 yılı yazıtın harf özelliğine göre çok erkendir. Burada Sulla era'sının kullanılmış olması da (179=İS. 94/5) zayıf bir ihtimaldir. Zira ceza ödemesinin kitharephoroi para birimi üzerinden yapılacağı belirtildiği için yazıtı İS. 43 yılından sonraya tarihlemek kuşkulu görünmektedir. Lahit hem tipolojik özellikleri hem de yazıtın harf karakteri temelinde İÖ. I. yüzyılın sonu ile İS. I. yüzyılın başı civarına tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu durumda 179 yılı İÖ. II. yüzyılın ilk yarısına geri gider. Bu dönemde era başlangıcı olabilecek en önemli olay, Lykia'nın İÖ. 168/7 yılında Rhodos egemenliğinden kurtul­masıdır. Sonuç olarak makale, yazıttaki tarihin Lykia'da yeni bir era başlangıcı olarak İÖ. 168/7 yılından itibaren hesaplanmış olması ve yazıtın İS. 11/12 yılına tarihlenmesi gerektiğini önermektedir.

Yeni okumalar sonucunda yazıtta iki yeni şahıs adı Βρακασανοα Τεδισβεους olarak deşifre edilmek­tedir. Yazıtta adı geçen Eleuthera'nın, Eleuthera Trebendatike olması gerektiği önerilmektedir. İlk yayında lahdi yapan ustanın eksik bırakılmış olan ismi burada Θεόφραστος Κυανείτης diye okunmaktadır.

References

  • Balland, A. (1981). Inscripions d’époque impériale du Létôon (Fouilles de Xanthos VII). Paris.
  • Behrwald, R. (2000). Der Lykische Bund. Untersuchungen zu Geschichte und Verfassung (Antiquitas, Reihe 1, Band 48). Bonn.
  • Bickermann, E. (1933). Chronologie (Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft, III. Band, 5. Bulletin). Leipzig, Berlin.
  • Borchhardt, J. (1975). Die Ruinen von Gürses. In J. Borchhardt (Ed.), Myra. Eine lykische Metropole in antiker und byzantinischer Zeit (81-86) (Istanbuler Forschungen 30). Berlin.
  • CIG. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum.
  • Diamantaras, A. S. (1889). Ἀρχαία ἐπιτύμβιος ἐπιγραφὴ ἐν Μύροις Λυκίας. Athener Mitteilungen, 14, 412-413.
  • Fellows, C. (1841). An Account of Discoveries in Lycia. London.
  • Harrison, M. (1979). Lycian Survey 1978. In R. Naumann et al., Recent Archaeological Research in Turkey, Anatolian Studies, 29, 181-210.
  • Harrison, M. (2001). Mountain and Plan. From the Lycian Coast to the Phrygian Plateau in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period. Ann Arbor.
  • Heberdey, R., & Wilhelm, A. (1896). Reisen in Kilikien (Denkschrift Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 44). Vienna.
  • Heberdey, R., & Kalinka, E. (1897). Bericht über zwei Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien (Östereichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Denkschriften 45). Vienna.
  • Hellenkemper, H., & Hild, F. (2004). Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8: Lykien und Pamphylien (Denkschrift Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 320). Vienna.
  • Hicks, E. L. (1891). Inscriptions from Western Cilicia. Journal of Hellenic Studies, 12, 225-273.
  • Houwink ten Cate, P. H. J. (1961). The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic Period. Leiden.
  • IG. Inscriptiones Graecae.
  • IGR. Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res Romanas Pertinentes.
  • Jacobsthal, P., & Jones, A. H. M. (1940). A Silver Find from South-West Asia Minor. Journal of Roman Studies 30, 16-31.
  • Jameson, S. (1980). The Lycian League: Some Problems in its Administration. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.7.2, 832-855.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Habitat Archeology
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Mehmet Alkan

Publication Date June 30, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alkan, M. (2011). A Re-examination of the Sarcophagus Inscription at Turant Asarı. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 33-41.
Adres:
Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi
07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE
E-Posta:
mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr