El Kaide'den IŞİD'e: İslamcı-mücahit hegemonik erkekliklerin dönüşümü ve Batı tipi erkekliklerle ilişkileri

Year 2021, Issue: 16, 5 - 32, 30.11.2021

Abdulkadir Deveci

Abstract

Küresel hegemonik erkeklikler toplumsal cinsiyet hiyerarşilerin zirvesinde yer almaktadırlar ve sembolik, ideal erkeklik modelleri sunarlar. Bu erkekliklerden biri de silahlı erkekliklerdir. Mücahit erkeklikler Batı dışı bölgelerde Batı tipi hegemonik erkeklik ideallerine karşı bir protesto biçimi olarak ortaya çıkmışlardır ve şimdi hegemonik bir erkeklik biçimi olarak varlıklarını sürdürmektedirler. Bu makalede Selefi-Mücahit erkekliklerin değişim süreci IŞİD üzerinden incelenecektir. Öncelikle, eleştirel erkeklikler çalışmaları gözünden köktenci İslamcı terörist grupların hangi yollarla Müslümanlar için bir cazibe yarattığı açıklanacaktır. Ardından, toplumsal hareket ve siyasi organizasyon teorilerinden faydalanılarak IŞİD’in nasıl El-Kaide’nin hegemonyasını devirdiği açıklanacaktır. Son olarak IŞİD’in mücahit-İslamcı erkekliklerde neleri değiştirdiği ve bu değişimlerin küresel silahlı erkeklikleri nasıl El-Kaide döneminden daha şiddet yanlısı ve erkekçe dönüştürdüğünü anlamak için IŞİD’in kendi naratiflerindeki cinsiyetlendirilmiş yerel, bölgesel ve küresel ilişkilerinin inşası yeniden değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

küresel hegemonik erkeklikler, silahlı erkeklikler, Islamcı terörizm, IŞİD, Batı-Batı dışı ilişkiler, fratriyarka

From Al-Qaida to ISIS: Transformation of Islamist-jihadist hegemonic masculinities and their relations with Western masculinities

Abstract

Hegemonic masculinities are on the top of gender hierarchies in the world. They create symbolic ideals for other masculinities. One of the types of global hegemonic masculinities is armed masculinities. Jihadist Masculinities, which arise as types of protest to the ideals of hegemonic Western masculinities within the non-West, are now seen as types of global hegemonic masculinities. The article will explain the changing process of the Salafist-Jihadist-Islamist Masculinities with the ISIS example. Firstly, how radical Islamist terrorist organizations attract Muslim people will be explained from critical masculinities perspective. Then, the political and historical analysis will be conducted to answer how ISIS toppled down the hegemony of Al-Qaeda. Thirdly, to understand what ISIS changed in the jihadist-Islamist masculinities and how these changes are successful and effective to make global armed masculinities much more virile and violent than Al-Qaeda period, the construction of the engendered local, regional, and global relations within the narratives of ISIS will be re-evaluated with the lens of critical masculinities studies.

Keywords

global hegemonic masculinities, armed masculinities, Islamist terrorism, ISIS, West/non-West relations, fratriarchy

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