Research Article
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The Private Sector Incentive Factors in Public-Private Partnership Model: Case of City Hospitals

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 386 - 401, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.501273

Abstract

In the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, it is common practice to provide various incentives to private sector entrepreneurs. These incentives may vary according to PPP implementing country, sector, PPP sub-model and PPP project. Incentive factors in PPP on the one hand, it contributes to increasing the motivation and on the other hand, making PPP an attractive investment alternative. In city hospitals built under the PPP model, incentives also play an important role in increasing the interest of private sector entrepreneurs in the projects and in the realization of the projects. In this study, PPP incentive applications are examined in the case of city hospitals. In this context, first, the conceptual framework of PPP and PPP incentives is discussed. Then, in city hospital projects, the incentive applications arising from the structure of the PPP or specifically provided to city hospitals are evaluated. In this context, incentives are analyzed under the headings of sharing of risks, “usage fee” and “investment fee” payments, convergence new investment areas, giving the right of building to private sector entrepreneur, providing treasury guarantee for financing, exception of some taxes and duties, guarantees given to private sector entrepreneurs and operation of commercial service areas by private sector entrepreneurs.

References

  • Aktaş Y., (2017). Şehir hastanelerinde garanti nedeniyle devletten para çıkmayacak. 17.11.2017, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/saglik/sehir-hastanelerinde-garanti-nedeniyle-devletten-para-cikmayacak/968025, (20.11.2018)
  • An X., Li, H., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Ding, J. ve Cao, Y. (2018). Compensation mechanism for urban water environment treatment PPP project in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 201. 246-253
  • Bilkent Ankara Entegre Sağlık Hizmetleri Yatırım ve İşletme A.Ş, (2014). Bilkent Ankara Entegre Sağlık Kampüsü Projesi Çevresel ve Sosyal Etki Değerlendirmesi Raporu Teknik Olmayan Özet. http://www. bilkentsaglik.com/20.01.pdf. (16.01.2016)
  • Bing, L, Akintoye, A., Edwards, P.J. ve Hardcastle, C., (2005). The allocation of risk in PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK. International Journal of Project Management. 23. 459-471
  • Bloomfield, P., (2006). The Challenging Business of Long-Term Public – Private Partnerships: Reflections on Local Experience. Public Administration Review. March/ April. 400-411
  • Burger, P., Tyson, J., Karpowicz, I. ve Delgado Coelho M.(2009). The Effects of the Financial Crisis on Public-Private Partnerships. IMF Working Paper WP/09/144. July 2009
  • Cavelty, M. D. ve Suter, M. (2009). Public–Private Partnerships are no silver bullet: An expanded governance model for Critical Infrastructure Protection. International Journal of Critical Infastructure Protection. Volume: 2 Issue: 4
  • Carpintero, S., (2015). Public-Private Partnership Projects in Canada: A Case Study Approach. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering. Vol:9. No:5. 1591-1594
  • Chena, M. S., Lu H.F. ve Lin H.W. (2006). Are the nonprofit organizations suitable to engage in BOT or BLT scheme? A feasible analysis for the relationship of private and nonprofit sectors. International Journal of Project Management. 24
  • Clerck, D. D., ve Demeulemeester, E. (2016). An ex ante bidding model to assess the incentive creation capability of a public–private partnership pipeline. International Journal of Project Management. Volume 34, Issue 1, January. 117-131
  • Conde, A. B. A., Brown, C. ve Suarez, J.R. (2007). Public private partnerships: Incentives, risk transfer and real options. Review of Financial Economics. vol. 16. issue 4. (2007). 335-349
  • Çakır, M. K., (2016). 6428 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Kamu Özel İşbirliği Kavramı ve Yeni Bir Model: Yap kirala Devret, Ankara. Seçkin Yayınları
  • Emek, U., (2009). Türkiye’de Altyapı Hizmetlerinin Özel Sektöre Gördürülmesi: Neden, Ne zaman, Nasıl?. İktisat İşletme ve Finans. 24. (284). 9-45
  • Epec (European PPP Expertise Center). (2011). State Guarantees in PPPs A Guide to Better Evaluation. Design, Implementation and Management. may.
  • Gordon, C., Mulley, C., Stevens, N. ve Daniels, R. (2013). Public–private contracting and incentives for public transport: Can anything be learned from the Sydney Metro experience?. Transport Policy. 27. 73-84
  • Green Paper. On Public-Private Partnerships And Community Law on Public Contracts And Concessions, Commission Of The European Communities, Brussels, 30.4.2004
  • Günaydın Gazetesi. 05.10.2017. https://www.gunaydingazetesi.com.tr/kapanan-hastaneler-meclis-gundeminde /75691/. (16.11.2018)
  • HM Treasury. (2012). A new approach to public private partnerships” December. https://www.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211518/pf2_public_sector_equity_consultation.pdf. (04.04.2018)
  • Hodge, G.A. ve Greve, C. (2007). Public-Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review. Public Administration Review. 67
  • Hoppe, E. I. ve Schmitz, P.W. (2012). Public-private partnerships versus traditional procurement: Innovation incentives and information gathering. MPRA Paper No. 41966. October. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41966/, (03.04.2018)
  • Karahanoğlu, Y. (2012). Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Modelinin Mali Değerlendirmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 67. No. 2. 95-125
  • Karahanoğulları, O. (2011). Kamu Hizmetleri Piyasa İlişkisinde Dördüncü Tip: Eksik İmtiyaz (Kamu-Özel Ortaklığı). Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 66. No. 3. Ankara. 177-215
  • Kocabaşoğlu, Ö. (2016) “Ekvator ve Türkiye Kamu Özel Sektör İşbirliği Düzenlemelerine İlişkin Kısa Bir Karşılaştırma. Haziran. http://www.erdem-erdem.av.tr/ yayinlar/hukuk-postasi/ekvator-ve-turkiye-kamu -ozel-sektor-isbirligi-duzenlemelerine -iliskin-kisa-bir-karsilastirma/. (01.04.2018)
  • Leiringer, R. (2006). Technological innovation in PPPs: incentives, opportunities and actions. Construction Management and Economics. March. 24. 301-308
  • Leontescu, M. ve Svilane, E. (2012). Incentive Mechanisms for Large Public-PrivatePartnerships Empirical Evidence from SESAR. Master Thesis within Business Administration
  • Liu, J., Gao, R., Charles C.Y.J., Cheah ve Lou J. (2016). Incentive mechanism for inhibiting investors' opportunistic behavior in PPP projects. International Journal of Project Management. 34. 1102-1111
  • Milliyet Gazetesi. Hazine Müsteşarlığı’ndan ‘borç üstlenimi’ Açıklaması. 29.04.2014. http://www.milliyet. com.tr/hazine-mustesarligi-ndan-borc-ustlenimi-istanbul-yerelhaber-169664/. (25.08.2014)
  • Rangel, T., Vassallo, J.M. ve Blanca A. (2012). Arenas Effectiveness of safety-based incentives in Public Private Partnerships: Evidence from the case of Spain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Volume 46. Issue 8. October. 1166-1176
  • Renda, A. ve Schrefler, L. (2006). Publi -Private Partnerships Models and Trends in the European Union. DG International Policies of the Union, Economic and Scientific policy. (IP/A/IMCO/SC/2005-161). Brussels. OECD. Public-Private Partnerships: In Pursuit of Risk Sharing and Value for Money
  • Özer, M. A., (2016). Sağlık Sektöründe Yeni Bir Hizmet Sunum Modeli: Kamu Özel Ortaklığı. SGD Soayal Güvenlik Dergisi. Mart. Cilt 6. Sayı 1. 9-38
  • Shrestha, A., Chan, T.K., Aibinu, A.A., Chuan C., (2017). Efficient risk transfer in PPP wastewater treatment projects”, Utilities Policy. 48. (2017). 132-140
  • Shukla, N., Panchal, R. ve Shah, N. (2014). Built-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT): A Public Private Partnership Model that Bridges Gap of Infrastructure in Urban Areas. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5. Number 2. 135-144
  • Trottier, M. ve Jeffrey M. (2006) V Case Studies. March. www.uregina.ca/sipp/documents/pdf/ casestudies.pdf, (10.06.2014)
  • Turhan, M. K. (2011). Çeşitli Ülkelerdeki Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Uygulamalarının Hukuki Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Toplum ve Hekim. Cilt 26. Sayı 4. Temmuz –Ağustos. 274-288
  • TTB. 20.09.2017. http://www.ttb.org.tr/haber_goster.php?Guid=1a7b3f5e-9e09-11e7-9b55-2e09a00a5177. (16.11.2018)
  • TTB. Sağlıkta Özelleştirmenin Yeni Modeli: Şehir Hastaneleri. 02.01.2018, http://www.ttb.org.tr/ kollar/_sehirhastaneleri/haber_goster.php?Guid=66843552-efd2-11e7-ab2b-2dd192695673, (01.12.2018)
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ gts&arama =gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5c0d04b 5db3f0.82200155. (15.11.2018)
  • United Nations. (2008). Guidebook On Promoting Good Governance In Public-Private Partnerships. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. New York and Geneva
  • United Nations. (2008). Economic and Social Commission For Asia and The Pacific (ESCAP), A Primer to Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development, Types of government support and incentives. https://www.unescap.org/ttdw/ppp/pppprimer/351_types_of_government_support_and_ incentives.html. (28.11.2018)
  • Uysal, Y. (2017). Yerel Yönetimlerde Kamu Özel İşbirliği (KÖİ) Uygulamalarının iki Yönü: Avantajlar ve Dezavantajlar. Kent Akademisi. Cilt: 10. Sayı: 2. Yaz 2017. 169-199
  • Vasallo, J. M. (2007), Implementation of quality criteria in tendering and regulating infrastructure management contracts, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 133. 553-561
  • Webb, R. ve Pulle, B. (2002). Public Private Partnerships: An Introduction. Research paper no. 1. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia
  • World Bank and the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). (2007). Public-Private Partnership Units, Lessons for their Design and Use in Infrastructure. October
  • Yazıcı, N., Trabzonda Bir Şehir Efsanesi. 18.05.2018. http://www.karadenizgazete.com.tr/kose-yazilari/trabzon-da-bir-sehir-efsanesi-/181087. (01.12.2018)

Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 386 - 401, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.501273

Abstract



Kamu özel işbirliği
(KÖİ) modeli ile kamu hizmetlerinin etkili, verimli ve kesintisiz bir şekilde
sunulmasında rol oynayan iki ana aktörden biri özel sektör girişimcisidir. Asıl
amacı kar elde etmek olan özel sektör girişimcileri KÖİ projesine katılmak ve projede
kalmak için bir takım motivasyonlara ve garantilere gereksinim duyarlar. KÖİ
projelerinde özel sektör girişimcilerine sağlanan teşvik faktörleri, bir yandan
motivasyonunun arttırılmasına diğer yandan KÖİ'nin cazip bir yatırım alternatifi
olmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, şehir hastaneleri örneğinde KÖİ
teşvik uygulamaları incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle KÖİ ve KÖİ
teşviklerinin kavramsal çerçevesi ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra, şehir
hastaneleri projelerinde KÖİ'nin yapısından kaynaklanan veya şehir
hastanelerine özel olarak sağlanan teşvik uygulamaları analiz edilmektedir. Bu
kapsamda, teşvikler risklerin paylaşımı, kullanım bedeli ve yatırım bedeli
ödemeleri, yeni yatırım alanlarına kavuşma, özel sektör girişimcisine üst hakkı
verilmesi, finansmana hazine garantisi sağlanması, bazı vergi ve harçlara
istisna getirilmesi, özel sektör girişimcilerine verilen garantiler, ticari
hizmet alanlarının özel sektör girişimcisi tarafından işletilmesi başlıkları
altında incelenmektedir.




References

  • Aktaş Y., (2017). Şehir hastanelerinde garanti nedeniyle devletten para çıkmayacak. 17.11.2017, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/saglik/sehir-hastanelerinde-garanti-nedeniyle-devletten-para-cikmayacak/968025, (20.11.2018)
  • An X., Li, H., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Ding, J. ve Cao, Y. (2018). Compensation mechanism for urban water environment treatment PPP project in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 201. 246-253
  • Bilkent Ankara Entegre Sağlık Hizmetleri Yatırım ve İşletme A.Ş, (2014). Bilkent Ankara Entegre Sağlık Kampüsü Projesi Çevresel ve Sosyal Etki Değerlendirmesi Raporu Teknik Olmayan Özet. http://www. bilkentsaglik.com/20.01.pdf. (16.01.2016)
  • Bing, L, Akintoye, A., Edwards, P.J. ve Hardcastle, C., (2005). The allocation of risk in PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK. International Journal of Project Management. 23. 459-471
  • Bloomfield, P., (2006). The Challenging Business of Long-Term Public – Private Partnerships: Reflections on Local Experience. Public Administration Review. March/ April. 400-411
  • Burger, P., Tyson, J., Karpowicz, I. ve Delgado Coelho M.(2009). The Effects of the Financial Crisis on Public-Private Partnerships. IMF Working Paper WP/09/144. July 2009
  • Cavelty, M. D. ve Suter, M. (2009). Public–Private Partnerships are no silver bullet: An expanded governance model for Critical Infrastructure Protection. International Journal of Critical Infastructure Protection. Volume: 2 Issue: 4
  • Carpintero, S., (2015). Public-Private Partnership Projects in Canada: A Case Study Approach. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering. Vol:9. No:5. 1591-1594
  • Chena, M. S., Lu H.F. ve Lin H.W. (2006). Are the nonprofit organizations suitable to engage in BOT or BLT scheme? A feasible analysis for the relationship of private and nonprofit sectors. International Journal of Project Management. 24
  • Clerck, D. D., ve Demeulemeester, E. (2016). An ex ante bidding model to assess the incentive creation capability of a public–private partnership pipeline. International Journal of Project Management. Volume 34, Issue 1, January. 117-131
  • Conde, A. B. A., Brown, C. ve Suarez, J.R. (2007). Public private partnerships: Incentives, risk transfer and real options. Review of Financial Economics. vol. 16. issue 4. (2007). 335-349
  • Çakır, M. K., (2016). 6428 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Kamu Özel İşbirliği Kavramı ve Yeni Bir Model: Yap kirala Devret, Ankara. Seçkin Yayınları
  • Emek, U., (2009). Türkiye’de Altyapı Hizmetlerinin Özel Sektöre Gördürülmesi: Neden, Ne zaman, Nasıl?. İktisat İşletme ve Finans. 24. (284). 9-45
  • Epec (European PPP Expertise Center). (2011). State Guarantees in PPPs A Guide to Better Evaluation. Design, Implementation and Management. may.
  • Gordon, C., Mulley, C., Stevens, N. ve Daniels, R. (2013). Public–private contracting and incentives for public transport: Can anything be learned from the Sydney Metro experience?. Transport Policy. 27. 73-84
  • Green Paper. On Public-Private Partnerships And Community Law on Public Contracts And Concessions, Commission Of The European Communities, Brussels, 30.4.2004
  • Günaydın Gazetesi. 05.10.2017. https://www.gunaydingazetesi.com.tr/kapanan-hastaneler-meclis-gundeminde /75691/. (16.11.2018)
  • HM Treasury. (2012). A new approach to public private partnerships” December. https://www.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211518/pf2_public_sector_equity_consultation.pdf. (04.04.2018)
  • Hodge, G.A. ve Greve, C. (2007). Public-Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review. Public Administration Review. 67
  • Hoppe, E. I. ve Schmitz, P.W. (2012). Public-private partnerships versus traditional procurement: Innovation incentives and information gathering. MPRA Paper No. 41966. October. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41966/, (03.04.2018)
  • Karahanoğlu, Y. (2012). Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Modelinin Mali Değerlendirmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 67. No. 2. 95-125
  • Karahanoğulları, O. (2011). Kamu Hizmetleri Piyasa İlişkisinde Dördüncü Tip: Eksik İmtiyaz (Kamu-Özel Ortaklığı). Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 66. No. 3. Ankara. 177-215
  • Kocabaşoğlu, Ö. (2016) “Ekvator ve Türkiye Kamu Özel Sektör İşbirliği Düzenlemelerine İlişkin Kısa Bir Karşılaştırma. Haziran. http://www.erdem-erdem.av.tr/ yayinlar/hukuk-postasi/ekvator-ve-turkiye-kamu -ozel-sektor-isbirligi-duzenlemelerine -iliskin-kisa-bir-karsilastirma/. (01.04.2018)
  • Leiringer, R. (2006). Technological innovation in PPPs: incentives, opportunities and actions. Construction Management and Economics. March. 24. 301-308
  • Leontescu, M. ve Svilane, E. (2012). Incentive Mechanisms for Large Public-PrivatePartnerships Empirical Evidence from SESAR. Master Thesis within Business Administration
  • Liu, J., Gao, R., Charles C.Y.J., Cheah ve Lou J. (2016). Incentive mechanism for inhibiting investors' opportunistic behavior in PPP projects. International Journal of Project Management. 34. 1102-1111
  • Milliyet Gazetesi. Hazine Müsteşarlığı’ndan ‘borç üstlenimi’ Açıklaması. 29.04.2014. http://www.milliyet. com.tr/hazine-mustesarligi-ndan-borc-ustlenimi-istanbul-yerelhaber-169664/. (25.08.2014)
  • Rangel, T., Vassallo, J.M. ve Blanca A. (2012). Arenas Effectiveness of safety-based incentives in Public Private Partnerships: Evidence from the case of Spain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Volume 46. Issue 8. October. 1166-1176
  • Renda, A. ve Schrefler, L. (2006). Publi -Private Partnerships Models and Trends in the European Union. DG International Policies of the Union, Economic and Scientific policy. (IP/A/IMCO/SC/2005-161). Brussels. OECD. Public-Private Partnerships: In Pursuit of Risk Sharing and Value for Money
  • Özer, M. A., (2016). Sağlık Sektöründe Yeni Bir Hizmet Sunum Modeli: Kamu Özel Ortaklığı. SGD Soayal Güvenlik Dergisi. Mart. Cilt 6. Sayı 1. 9-38
  • Shrestha, A., Chan, T.K., Aibinu, A.A., Chuan C., (2017). Efficient risk transfer in PPP wastewater treatment projects”, Utilities Policy. 48. (2017). 132-140
  • Shukla, N., Panchal, R. ve Shah, N. (2014). Built-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT): A Public Private Partnership Model that Bridges Gap of Infrastructure in Urban Areas. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5. Number 2. 135-144
  • Trottier, M. ve Jeffrey M. (2006) V Case Studies. March. www.uregina.ca/sipp/documents/pdf/ casestudies.pdf, (10.06.2014)
  • Turhan, M. K. (2011). Çeşitli Ülkelerdeki Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Uygulamalarının Hukuki Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Toplum ve Hekim. Cilt 26. Sayı 4. Temmuz –Ağustos. 274-288
  • TTB. 20.09.2017. http://www.ttb.org.tr/haber_goster.php?Guid=1a7b3f5e-9e09-11e7-9b55-2e09a00a5177. (16.11.2018)
  • TTB. Sağlıkta Özelleştirmenin Yeni Modeli: Şehir Hastaneleri. 02.01.2018, http://www.ttb.org.tr/ kollar/_sehirhastaneleri/haber_goster.php?Guid=66843552-efd2-11e7-ab2b-2dd192695673, (01.12.2018)
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ gts&arama =gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5c0d04b 5db3f0.82200155. (15.11.2018)
  • United Nations. (2008). Guidebook On Promoting Good Governance In Public-Private Partnerships. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. New York and Geneva
  • United Nations. (2008). Economic and Social Commission For Asia and The Pacific (ESCAP), A Primer to Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development, Types of government support and incentives. https://www.unescap.org/ttdw/ppp/pppprimer/351_types_of_government_support_and_ incentives.html. (28.11.2018)
  • Uysal, Y. (2017). Yerel Yönetimlerde Kamu Özel İşbirliği (KÖİ) Uygulamalarının iki Yönü: Avantajlar ve Dezavantajlar. Kent Akademisi. Cilt: 10. Sayı: 2. Yaz 2017. 169-199
  • Vasallo, J. M. (2007), Implementation of quality criteria in tendering and regulating infrastructure management contracts, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 133. 553-561
  • Webb, R. ve Pulle, B. (2002). Public Private Partnerships: An Introduction. Research paper no. 1. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia
  • World Bank and the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). (2007). Public-Private Partnership Units, Lessons for their Design and Use in Infrastructure. October
  • Yazıcı, N., Trabzonda Bir Şehir Efsanesi. 18.05.2018. http://www.karadenizgazete.com.tr/kose-yazilari/trabzon-da-bir-sehir-efsanesi-/181087. (01.12.2018)
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yusuf Uysal 0000-0003-3872-3119

Publication Date January 27, 2020
Submission Date December 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uysal, Y. (2020). Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 386-401. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.501273
AMA Uysal Y. Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği. MJSS. January 2020;9(1):386-401. doi:10.33206/mjss.501273
Chicago Uysal, Yusuf. “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 386-401. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.501273.
EndNote Uysal Y (January 1, 2020) Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 1 386–401.
IEEE Y. Uysal, “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği”, MJSS, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 386–401, 2020, doi: 10.33206/mjss.501273.
ISNAD Uysal, Yusuf. “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/1 (January 2020), 386-401. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.501273.
JAMA Uysal Y. Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği. MJSS. 2020;9:386–401.
MLA Uysal, Yusuf. “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020, pp. 386-01, doi:10.33206/mjss.501273.
Vancouver Uysal Y. Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Modelinde Özel Sektör Teşvik Faktörleri: Şehir Hastaneleri Örneği. MJSS. 2020;9(1):386-401.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies