Avrupa Birliği - Türkiye İlişkileri ve Seçim Gündemlerinde Medyada Türkiye Söylemi
Year 2020,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1130 - 1141, 24.04.2020
Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi
,
Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır
Abstract
Çalışmada,
Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelerin özellikle seçim
ve referandum gibi dönemlerde Türkiye - Avrupa Birliği
ilişkilerini ve Türkiye’nin AB’ye üyelik sürecini medya yoluyla iç seçim
tartışmalarında nasıl kullandıkları ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu kapsamda
2017’de yaşanan Hollanda - Türkiye Diplomatik (Seçim)
Krizi ve 2016’da Brexit referandumu öncesi süreç
örnek olay olarak seçilmiş, söz
konusu dönemlerde
uluslararası basında yer alan Türkiye ile ilgili haberler söylem
analizi yöntemiyle
incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Avrupa Birliği’ni ilgilendiren seçim
ve referandum dönemlerinde,
Türkiye ile ilgili siyasi söylemlerin
kamuoyunu etkilemek, seçmen duygu ve tercihlerini yönlendirmek,
ön
yargıları canlandırarak seçim sonuçlarını
etkilemek amacıyla ve medya kanalıyla araçsallaştırıldığı
görülmüştür.
References
- 12m Turks Say They’ll Come to UK. (2016, 22 Mayıs). Sunday Express. s.1.
- AB Nezdinde Türkiye Daimi Temsilciliği. (Temmuz 2018). AB ve Üyelik Sürecimiz, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://avbir.dt.mfa.gov.tr/Mission
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- Black, P. (2016). Brexit campaign stirs up fear of Turks. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/23/europe/turkey-brexit/index.html
- Bogdani, M. (2011). Turkey and the Dilemma of EU Accession. London: I.B. Tauris.
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- Erlanger, S. (2016). Britain’s ‘Brexit’ Debate Inflamed by Worries That Turkey Will Join E.U. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/world/europe/britain-brexit-turkey-eu.html
- EU warns Erdogan as Turkey-Netherlands crisis deepens. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/netherlands-issues-turkey-travel-warning-amid-rising-tensions-1098460255
- Europa, Precidency Conclusions, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/032a0008.htm
- European Parliament, Briefing No 23 Legal Questions of Enlargement, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement/briefings/23a2_en.htm
- European Parliament, Helsinki European Council 10 and 11 December 1999 Presidency Conclusions, (Erişim: 06.08.2015) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/hel1_en.htm
- Hawkes, S. (2016). STUFFED BY TURKEY More than 700,000 Turks ‘will flock to live and work in Britain after country joins EU’ (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1271200/more-than-100000-turks-a-year-will-flock-to-britain-after-it-joins-the-eu-pushing-net-migration-to-a-staggering-420000/
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- Imbert, F. (2017). The Dutch election is a dead heat, and the stakes for the EU could be huge. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/07/dutch-election-and-geert-wilder-future-of-european-union.html
- Kaya, R. (1999). Medya, toplum, siyaset. K. Alemdar (Ed.), Medya gücü ve demokratik kurumlar. İstanbul: Afa.
- Ker-Lindsay, J. (2018). “Turkey’s EU accession as a factor in the 2016 Brexit referendum”, Turkish Studies, 19:1, 1-22.
- Keyes, R. (2004). The Post-Truth Era. New York: St Martin’s Press.
- Kingsley, P., & A.J. Rubin. (2017) Turkey’s Relations With Europe Sink Amid Quarrel With Netherlands. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/12/world/europe/netherlands-recep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey.html
- Kinzer, S. (1997). “Turkey, Rejected, Will Freeze Ties to European Union”, The New York Times, (Erişim: 18.02.2019) https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/15/world/turkey-rejected-will-freeze-ties-to-european-union.html
- Öniş, Z. (2018) “Turkey-EU Relations: Beyond the Current Stalemate”, Insight Turkey. Vol.10. No.4, pp.35-50.
- Post-truth. (2018). Oxford Dictionaries. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/post-truth
- Ramadan, T. (6 Ağustos 2009). Turkey is part of Europe. Fear keeps it out of the EU, The Guardian, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/aug/06/turkey-eu-membership
- Telegraaf tegen Turken: ‘WIJ ZIJN HIER DE BAAS!’. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) http://www.mediacourant.nl/2017/03/telegraaf-tegen-turken-wij-zijn-hier-de-baas/ Tocci, N. (2014). “Turkey and the European Union: A Journey in the Unknown”, The Centre on the United States and Europe at Brookings, Turkish Policy Project Paper. No.5, s.1-17.
- Travis, A. (2016). The leave campaign made three key promises – are they keeping them? (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/27/eu-referendum-reality-check-leave-campaign-promises
- Turkey Entry ‘Would Destroy EU’, BBC News, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2420697.stm
- Turkey poll findings flawed: clarification. (2016, 20 Haziran). Sunday Express.
- Turkey threatens to pull out of migrant deal as Dutch row intensifies. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/13/turkey-summons-dutch-envoy-over-riot-police-tactics-in-rotterdam
- Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & society, 4(2), 249-283.
- Why has Turkey fallen out with the Netherlands and Germany? Everything you must know about the diplomatic crisis. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/turkey-fallen-out-netherlands-germany-10022569
- Wij Zijn Her de Baas. (2017, 13 Mart). De Telegraaf., s.1.
European Union - Turkey Relations and Turkey Discourse in Media during Electoral Periods
Year 2020,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1130 - 1141, 24.04.2020
Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi
,
Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır
Abstract
In this study, it has been revealed that how European Union member countries use EU Turkey relations and Turkey’s EU membership discourse for their internal election debate through media outlets, especially in electoral and referendum periods. In this context, 2017 Netherlands - Turkey diplomatic crises and the process before 2016 Brexit referandum selected as case studies and the news related to Turkey was analyzed via discourse analysis method in these periods in international media. In conclusion, it has been observed that during the electoral and referendum periods concerning EU, the political discourses related to Turkey instrumentalized by media to influence public opinion, to steer voters feelings and preferences and to influence the election results by reviving prejudices against Turkey.
References
- 12m Turks Say They’ll Come to UK. (2016, 22 Mayıs). Sunday Express. s.1.
- AB Nezdinde Türkiye Daimi Temsilciliği. (Temmuz 2018). AB ve Üyelik Sürecimiz, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://avbir.dt.mfa.gov.tr/Mission
- Atabek, N. (2002). Kamuoyu, medya ve demokrasi. Kurgu Dergisi. S: 19, 223-238.
- Black, P. (2016). Brexit campaign stirs up fear of Turks. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/23/europe/turkey-brexit/index.html
- Bogdani, M. (2011). Turkey and the Dilemma of EU Accession. London: I.B. Tauris.
- CVCE. (1989, 20 Aralık). Commission Opinion on Turkey's request for accession to the Community (Erişim: 07.01.2019), https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2005/2/4/4cc1acf8-06b2-40c5-bb1e-bb3d4860e7c1/publishable_en.pdf s.5.
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, (1997, 14 Aralık), Türkiye Cumhuriyeti; Dışişleri Bakanlığının, AB Lüksemburg Kararı ile ilgili Açıklaması, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cumhuriyeti-_disisleri-bakanliginin_-ab-luksemburg-karari-ile-ilgili-aciklamasi_-14-aralik-1997.tr.mfa
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 16-17 Aralık Avrupa Birliği Konseyi Brüksel Zirvesi Sonuç Bildirgesi, (Erişim: 18.02.2019) https://www.ab.gov.tr/_300.html
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Genişlemenin Tarihçesi, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) https://www.ab.gov.tr/genislemenin-tarihcesi_264.html
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye ile Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu Arasında bir Ortaklık Yaratan Anlaşma (Ankara Anlaşması)-12 Eylül 1963, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ile-avrupa-ekonomik-toplulugu-arasinda-bir-ortaklik-yaratan-anlasma-_ankara-anlasmasi_-12-eylul-1963-.tr.mfa
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye-AB Gümrük Birliği, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-gumruk-birligi.tr.mfa
- Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye-AB İlişkileri, (Erişim: 18.02.2019) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-iliskileri.tr.mfa
- Erlanger, S. (2016). Britain’s ‘Brexit’ Debate Inflamed by Worries That Turkey Will Join E.U. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/world/europe/britain-brexit-turkey-eu.html
- EU warns Erdogan as Turkey-Netherlands crisis deepens. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/netherlands-issues-turkey-travel-warning-amid-rising-tensions-1098460255
- Europa, Precidency Conclusions, (Erişim: 07.01.2019) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/032a0008.htm
- European Parliament, Briefing No 23 Legal Questions of Enlargement, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement/briefings/23a2_en.htm
- European Parliament, Helsinki European Council 10 and 11 December 1999 Presidency Conclusions, (Erişim: 06.08.2015) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/hel1_en.htm
- Hawkes, S. (2016). STUFFED BY TURKEY More than 700,000 Turks ‘will flock to live and work in Britain after country joins EU’ (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1271200/more-than-100000-turks-a-year-will-flock-to-britain-after-it-joins-the-eu-pushing-net-migration-to-a-staggering-420000/
- IKV, Müzakere Sürecinde Hangi Aşamadayız?, (Erişim: 18.02.2019) https://www.ikv.org.tr/ikv.asp?id=371,
- Imbert, F. (2017). The Dutch election is a dead heat, and the stakes for the EU could be huge. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/07/dutch-election-and-geert-wilder-future-of-european-union.html
- Kaya, R. (1999). Medya, toplum, siyaset. K. Alemdar (Ed.), Medya gücü ve demokratik kurumlar. İstanbul: Afa.
- Ker-Lindsay, J. (2018). “Turkey’s EU accession as a factor in the 2016 Brexit referendum”, Turkish Studies, 19:1, 1-22.
- Keyes, R. (2004). The Post-Truth Era. New York: St Martin’s Press.
- Kingsley, P., & A.J. Rubin. (2017) Turkey’s Relations With Europe Sink Amid Quarrel With Netherlands. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/12/world/europe/netherlands-recep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey.html
- Kinzer, S. (1997). “Turkey, Rejected, Will Freeze Ties to European Union”, The New York Times, (Erişim: 18.02.2019) https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/15/world/turkey-rejected-will-freeze-ties-to-european-union.html
- Öniş, Z. (2018) “Turkey-EU Relations: Beyond the Current Stalemate”, Insight Turkey. Vol.10. No.4, pp.35-50.
- Post-truth. (2018). Oxford Dictionaries. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/post-truth
- Ramadan, T. (6 Ağustos 2009). Turkey is part of Europe. Fear keeps it out of the EU, The Guardian, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/aug/06/turkey-eu-membership
- Telegraaf tegen Turken: ‘WIJ ZIJN HIER DE BAAS!’. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) http://www.mediacourant.nl/2017/03/telegraaf-tegen-turken-wij-zijn-hier-de-baas/ Tocci, N. (2014). “Turkey and the European Union: A Journey in the Unknown”, The Centre on the United States and Europe at Brookings, Turkish Policy Project Paper. No.5, s.1-17.
- Travis, A. (2016). The leave campaign made three key promises – are they keeping them? (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/27/eu-referendum-reality-check-leave-campaign-promises
- Turkey Entry ‘Would Destroy EU’, BBC News, (Erişim: 21.02.2019) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2420697.stm
- Turkey poll findings flawed: clarification. (2016, 20 Haziran). Sunday Express.
- Turkey threatens to pull out of migrant deal as Dutch row intensifies. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/13/turkey-summons-dutch-envoy-over-riot-police-tactics-in-rotterdam
- Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & society, 4(2), 249-283.
- Why has Turkey fallen out with the Netherlands and Germany? Everything you must know about the diplomatic crisis. (Erişim: 30.12.2018) https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/turkey-fallen-out-netherlands-germany-10022569
- Wij Zijn Her de Baas. (2017, 13 Mart). De Telegraaf., s.1.