Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisinin Genç Bireylerin Yaşam Tarzları İle Girişimcilik Niyetleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 1731 - 1749, 21.07.2020

İbrahim Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.565309

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Günümüzde
bireyler yaşam tarzları gereği çeşitli girişimsel faaliyetleri ihtiyaçları
doğrultusunda gerçekleştirebilmektedirler. Özellikle genç bireyler teknolojik
gelişmelere bağlı olarak sürekli değişen ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel çevrede
girişimcilik niyetleri farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu açıdan çalışma ile
henüz eğitimi devam eden veya beş yıla kadar tamamlamış olan genç bireylerin
yaşam tarzı değişkenlerinin (kendine özgü olmak, çeşitlilik aramak ve fikir
liderliği yapmak) girişimcilik niyetleri üzerindeki etkileri ve girişimcilik
niyetlerinin de Maslow’un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi üzerindeki etkileri ölçülmeye
çalışılmıştır. Daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda genellikle Maslow’un
ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi kendi içerisindeki değişkenler ile veya derecelendirme
seviyelerine göre incelenmiştir. Ayrıca birçok çalışmada bu hiyerarşi bağımsız
değişken olarak değerlendirmeye koyulmuştur. Uygulamada daha önceki
çalışmalardan farklı olarak hiyerarşik yapı derecelendirilerek değil bir bütün
halinde ve bağımlı değişken olarak incelemeye alınmıştır. Yani uygulamada genç
bireylerin yaşam tarzı değişkenlerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisi ve
girişimcilik niyetlerinin de ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi üzerindeki etkileri
araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada sadece bireylerin çeşitlilik aramaları değişkeninde
anlamlı ilişki elde edilmemiş, diğer bütün değişkenler arasında anlamlı
ilişkilere ulaşılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçlarında genç bireylerin kendine özgü
olmalarının ve fikir liderliği yapmalarının girişimcilik niyetlerini pozitif
olarak etkilediği görülmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca genç bireylerin girişimcilik
niyetlerinin fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarını, güvenlik ihtiyaçlarını, ait olma
ihtiyaçlarını, saygı ihtiyaçlarını ve kendilerini gerçekleştirme ihtiyaçlarını
pozitif olarak etkilediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. 

Keywords

Yaşam Tarzı Değişkenleri, Girişimcilik Niyeti, İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisi

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