COVID-19 ve Sağlık Hizmeti Sunulan Merkezlerde Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 125 - 131, 29.05.2021

Arzum Çelik Bekleviç

https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.896673

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve büyük bir küresel salgına neden olan yeni tip koronavirüs, insanlarda hastalık etkeni olarak tanımlanmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Covid-19 olarak isimlendirilen hastalığa, enfekte bireylerin solunum sekresyonlarında yoğun olarak bulunan SARS-CoV-2 virüsü neden olmaktadır. İnsanlar arasında bulaş, enfekte bireyin sekresyonlara doğrudan maruziyet, enfekte kişi ile yakın temas ya da enfekte yüzeylere temas sonucu gerçekleşmektedir. Pandemik hastalar belirti bulguların ortaya çıkmasının ardından hastalar ilk olarak sağlık merkezlerine başvurmaktadırlar. Sağlık merkezlerinde oluşan yoğunluk, hastalığın yayılımı ve bulaşı açısından oldukça yüksek risk taşımaktadır. Pandemi de hastaların, hasta yakınlarının ve sağlık personellerinin sağlığının korunması ve hastane kaynaklı transmisyonların önlenmesi amacı ile etkin enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin uygulanması çok önemlidir. Enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerini, Enfeksiyon Kontrol Komiteleri hazırlar ve hastane yönetimi uygular. Araştırmalar, enfeksiyon kontrolünün bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılmamasında ve çalışan sağlığının korunmasında etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri, çalışanlar tarafından bilinmelidir ve doğru uygulanmalıdır. Covid-19 pandemisinde, ulusal ve uluslararası rehberlerin önerileriyle oluşturulan enfeksiyon kontrol programı, kurumun stratejik planları, ünitelerin fiziksel yapıları ve işleyiş özellikleri dikkate alınarak hazırlanmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, enfeksiyon kontrol programı genel hatları ile “hastaların tanı/tedavi süreçlerini, çalışan sağlığının korunmasını, alanda görevlendirilecek personel dağılımını ve merkezlerde uyulması gereken enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri” konularını içermelidir.

Keywords

covid-19, enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri, pandemi eylem planı

COVID-19 and Infection Control Measures in Health Care Centers

Abstract

The new type of coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China and caused a major global epidemic, was defined as a disease factor in humans and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The disease, called Covid-19, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is densely found in respiratory secretions of infected individuals. Transmission between humans occurs as a result of direct exposure of the infected individual to secretions, close contact with the infected person, or contact with infected surfaces. Pandemic patients first apply to health centers after the emergence of symptoms. The density that occurs in health centers carries a very high risk in terms of the spread and transmission of the disease. In the pandemic, it is very important to implement effective infection control measures in order to protect the health of patients, patients' relatives and healthcare personnel and to prevent hospital-borne transmissions. Infection control measures are prepared by Infection Control Committees and hospital management is implemented. Studies show that infection control is effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting employee health. Therefore, infection control measures should be known by employees and applied correctly. In the Covid-19 pandemic, the infection control program created with the recommendations of national and international guidelines should be prepared by taking into account the strategic plans of the institution, the physical structures and functioning features of the units. In this context, the infection control program should generally include the issues of "diagnosis / treatment processes of patients, protection of employee health, distribution of personnel to be assigned in the field and infection control measures to be followed in centers".

Keywords

Covid-19, Infection Control Programe, pandemic action plan

References

• 1. World Health Organization (WHO), “Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ),” Who, no. February, pp. 1–7, 2020.
• 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC): Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities,” U.S. Dep. Heal. Hum. Serv. Centers Dis. Control Prev. Atlanta, GA 30329, no. July, pp. 1–235, 2003.
• 3. “Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html. erişim tarihi:12.05.2020
• 4. Chih-Cheng Lai, T.-P. Shih, W.-C. Ko, H.-J. Tang, and Po-Ren Hsueh, “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges,” Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, vol. 55, no. 13, 2020.
• 5. Yataklı Tedavi kurumları Enfeksiyon Kontrol Yönetmeliği. [Online]. Available: "https://www.ttb.org.tr/mevzuat/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=333&Itemid=33." Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2020
• 6. V. C. C. Cheng et al., “Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong,” Soc. Heal. Epidemiol. Am., pp. 1–6, 2020.
• 7. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, “COVID-19 Rehberi,” vol. 2 Nisan 20, p. 25, 2020.
• 8. World Health Organisation (WHO), “On Hand Hygiene in Health Care First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care,” World Heal. Organ., vol. 30, no. 1, p. 64, 2017.
• 9. El Hijyeni Kılavuzu. Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi 2008;12:(Ek 1):3-21.
• 10. Hand Hygiene Recommendations "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/hand-hygiene.html" Erişim tarihi:12.06.2020
• 11. Hand Hygiene Guidance "https://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/providers/guideline.html" Erişim tarihi:01.05.2020
• 12. J. Wang, M. Zhou, and F. Liu, “Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 2019, 2020.
• 13. World Health Organisation (WHO), İnfection prevention and control [Online]. Available:"https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control". Erişim tarihi:08.05.2020
• 14. World Health Organization (WHO), “Infection prevention and control during health care when COVID-19 is suspected,” Clin. Chest Med., pp. 1–3, 2020.
• 15. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, “Use Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE) When Caring for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19,” pp. 1–2, 2020.
• 16. ECDC, “Guidance for wearing and removing personal protective equipment in healthcare settings for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19,” ECDC Rep., no. February, pp. 1–13, 2020.
• 17. C. J. Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, Pessoa-Silva CL, “Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review,” PLoS One, vol. 7(4): e357, no. April, p. 46, 2012.
• 18. Organización Mundial de la Salud, “Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance-2,” Guía Interna la OMS, no. April, pp. 1–5, 2020.
• 19. ECDC, “Using face masks in the community Reducing COVID-19 transmission from potentially asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic people through the use of face masks,” 2020.
• 20. “N95/FFP2 Maskelerin Uzun Süre Kullanımı,” T.C. Sağlık Bakanl., p. 1, 2020. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/enfeksiyon-kontorl-onlemleri/COVID19-N95-FFP2MaskelerinUzunSureKullanimi.pdf Erişim Tarihi:27.04.2020
• 21. Environmental Infection Control Guidelines-Appendix B, AİR [Online]. Available: "https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/environmental/appendix/air.html#tableb2". Erişim tarihi:03.05.2020
• 22. R. Li et al., “Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2),” Science, vol. 493, no. May, pp. 489–493, 2020.
• 23. World Health Organization (WHO), “Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance.” 2020.
• 24. Considerations for Alternate Care Sites, "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/alternative-care-sites.html" Erişim tarihi:03.05.2020
• 25. T. W. Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, “Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.,” JAMA, vol. 323, no. 18, pp. 1843–1844, 2020.
• 26. L. Patients, D. Taylor, A. C. Lindsay, and J. P. Halcox, “Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. Nisan, no. 382:1564-1567, pp. 0–3, 2020.
• 27. P. H. Emergency and I. Concern, “Infection Prevention and Control guidance for Long-Term Care Facilities in the context of COVID-19,” Interim Guid. World Heal. Organ., no. March, pp. 1–5, 2020.
• 28. List N; Disinfectants-Use-Against-Sars-Cov-2 "https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2-covid-19" Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2020
• 29. D. of V. D. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), “Cleaning And Disinfecting Your Home,” Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Factsheet,2020.[Online].Available:"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/disinfecting-your-home.html." Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2020
• 30. ECDC, “Disinfection of environments in healthcare and non- healthcare settings potentially contaminated with Target audience Cleaning options for healthcare settings after the management of a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19,” Eur. Cent. Dis. Prev. Control, 2020.
• 31. Cleaning Disinfection [Online]. Available: "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/community/organizations/cleaningdisinfection.html." Erişim tarihi:11.05.2020
• 32. Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2020. [Online]. Available: "https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/enfeksiyon-kontrol-onlemleri." Erişim tarihi: 09.05.2020
• 33. Yataklı Tedavi Kurumları Atık Yönetmeliği "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/01/20170125-2.htm.” Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2020
• 34. Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi COVİD-19 Eylem Planı http://cdn3.beun.edu.tr/hastane/85b51c0f66c313d4d5ef7f75a4d20cae/covid19-eylem-plani-12-mart-2020-son-pdf.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2020