Case Report
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The Heart Does Not Itch, But it Feels Pain: Three Cases of Kounis Syndrome

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 72 - 78, 28.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1355915

Abstract

Background: Kounis syndrome is defined as the occurrence of acute coronary artery syndrome as a
result of activation of inflammatory cells after conditions such as allergy, hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis
or anaphylactic reactions. This case reports were presented to provide the latest knowledge on Kounis
syndrome, increase awareness of this disease among healthcare providers and researchers, and
promote early and appropriate diagnosis and management of this syndrome.
Summary of Cases: In the first case, a 45-year-old female patient with no history of coronary artery
disease developed anaphylaxis due to a locally applied anesthetic drug. This led to transient coronary
artery vasospasm and acute coronary syndrome. In the second case, a 70-year-old male patient with a
history of coronary artery disease developed anaphylaxis due to a bee sting. This caused rupture of the
coronary artery plaque, resulting in inferior myocardial infarction. In the third case, a 73-year-old male
patient with a stent in his coronary artery developed an allergic reaction/anaphylaxis to midazolam,
which was administered for sedation before the biopsy procedure. This reaction resulted in restenosis
of the old stent and caused an anterior myocardial infarction.
Conclusion: Kounis syndrome is a life-threatening condition that requires attention. Ensuring coronary
artery patency in the treatment of ischaemia is important to protect cardiomyocyte health and prevent
arrhythmias. Ischaemia caused by allergens can be resolved with a combination of antiallergenic
treatments. Therefore, for effective management of suspected cases of Kounis syndrome, collaboration
between cardiology and allergy-immunology clinics is essential.

References

  • 1. Kounis NG, Zavras GM. Histamine-induced coronary artery spasm: the concept of allergic angina. Br J Clin Pract 1991 Summer;45(2):121-128.
  • 2. Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic management. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016;54(10):1545-1559
  • 3. Örçen C. Kounis Syndrome. Kocaeli Med J 2022; 11(1): 78-83
  • 4. Tripolino C, Tassone EJ, Morabito G, Grillo P, Missiroli B. Acute coronary stent thrombosis: A case of type 3 Kounis syndrome. J Cardiol Cases 2018;19(1):33-35.
  • 5. Jariwala P, Jadhav K, Khetan S. Allergic myocardial infarction (type III Kounis syndrome) secondary to mushroom ingestion: An unusual cause of very late stent thrombosis of saphenous venous graft and refractory no-reflow phenomenon. J Cardiol Cases 2022;26(1):51-55.
  • 6. Akoz A, Tanboga HI, Emet Mi Bayramoğlu A. A prospective study of Kounis syndrome: clinical experience and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings for 21 patients. Acta Med Mediterraea 2013;9:811-816.
  • 7. Bayram A. Local Anesthetic Toxicity. Aksaray University Journal of Medical Sciences 2020;1:23-27.
  • 8. Garcia-Nunez I, Algaba-Marmol MA, Ignacio-Garcia JM. Kounis syndrome after lidocaine use. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023;33(4):312-313.
  • 9. Ateş AH, Kul S. Acute coronary syndrome due to midazolam use: Kounis syndrome during a transurethral prostatectomy. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2015;43(6):558-561.

Kalp Kaşınmaz Ama Ağrıyı Hisseder: Üç Kounis Sendromu Vakası

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 72 - 78, 28.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1355915

Abstract

Giriş: Kounis sendromu, alerji, aşırı duyarlılık, anafilaksi veya anafilaktik reaksiyonlar gibi durumlar
sonrasında inflamatuar hücrelerin aktivasyonu sonucu akut koroner arter sendromunun ortaya çıkması
olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumları, Kounis sendromu hakkında en son bilgileri sağlamak,
sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcıları ve araştırmacılar arasında bu hastalık hakkındaki farkındalığı artırmak ve bu
sendromun erken ve uygun tanısını ve tedavisini teşvik etmek amacıyla sunulmuştur.
Vakaların Özeti: Birinci vakada geçmişinde koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü olmayan 45 yaşında kadın
hastada lokal olarak uygulanan anestezik ilaç, geçici koroner arter vasospazmı ile akut koroner sendroma
sebep olan anafilaksi gelişmesine neden oldu. İkinci vakada geçmişinde koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü
olan 70 yaşında erkek hastada arı sokmasına bağlı anafilaksi gelişti. Anafilaksi, koroner arter plağının
rüptürüne neden olup inferiyor miyokart enfarktüsüne neden oldu . Üçüncü vakada ise koroner arterinde
stenti olan 73 yaşındaki erkek hastaya biyopsi işlemi öncesi sedasyon amacıyla yapılan midazaloma
sekonder alerji/anafilaksi gelişti ve bu durum eski stent restenozuna sebep olup anteriyor miyokart
enfarktüsü gelişmesine neden oldu.
Sonuç: Kounis sendromu dikkat gerektiren hayatı tehdit eden bir durumdur. İskemi tedavisinde koroner arter açıklığının sağlanması,
kardiyomiyosit sağlığının korunması ve aritmilerin önlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Alerjenlerin neden olduğu iskemi, antialerjenik tedavilerin
de bulunduğu kombinasyon ile çözülebilir. Bu nedenle Kounis sendromundan şüphelenilen vakaların etkin tedavisinde kardiyoloji ve alerjiimmünoloji
klinikleri arasında işbirliğinin yapılması önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Kounis NG, Zavras GM. Histamine-induced coronary artery spasm: the concept of allergic angina. Br J Clin Pract 1991 Summer;45(2):121-128.
  • 2. Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic management. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016;54(10):1545-1559
  • 3. Örçen C. Kounis Syndrome. Kocaeli Med J 2022; 11(1): 78-83
  • 4. Tripolino C, Tassone EJ, Morabito G, Grillo P, Missiroli B. Acute coronary stent thrombosis: A case of type 3 Kounis syndrome. J Cardiol Cases 2018;19(1):33-35.
  • 5. Jariwala P, Jadhav K, Khetan S. Allergic myocardial infarction (type III Kounis syndrome) secondary to mushroom ingestion: An unusual cause of very late stent thrombosis of saphenous venous graft and refractory no-reflow phenomenon. J Cardiol Cases 2022;26(1):51-55.
  • 6. Akoz A, Tanboga HI, Emet Mi Bayramoğlu A. A prospective study of Kounis syndrome: clinical experience and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings for 21 patients. Acta Med Mediterraea 2013;9:811-816.
  • 7. Bayram A. Local Anesthetic Toxicity. Aksaray University Journal of Medical Sciences 2020;1:23-27.
  • 8. Garcia-Nunez I, Algaba-Marmol MA, Ignacio-Garcia JM. Kounis syndrome after lidocaine use. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023;33(4):312-313.
  • 9. Ateş AH, Kul S. Acute coronary syndrome due to midazolam use: Kounis syndrome during a transurethral prostatectomy. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2015;43(6):558-561.
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cardiology, Anaesthesiology, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Ömer Faruk Yılmaz 0000-0002-0055-8341

İbrahim Etem Dural 0000-0003-4005-4858

Publication Date April 28, 2024
Acceptance Date February 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Yılmaz ÖF, Dural İE. The Heart Does Not Itch, But it Feels Pain: Three Cases of Kounis Syndrome. Med J West Black Sea. 2024;8(1):72-8.

Medical Journal of Western Black Sea is a scientific publication of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine.

This is a refereed journal, which aims at achieving free knowledge to the national and international organizations and individuals related to medical sciences in publishedand electronic forms.

This journal is published three annually in April, August and December.
The publication language of the journal is Turkish and English.