BibTex RIS Cite

Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries

Year 2015, Volume: 12 Issue: 32, 1 - 22, 30.12.2015

Affan Çermikli , İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu

Abstract

Çalışmada, teknolojinin gelişme hızı ile enerji yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişki, yüksek ve orta gelir grubundaki ülkeler için ayrı ayrı olarak üç değişkenli (sermaye, işgücü ve enerji) Cobb-Douglas tipi bir üretim fonksiyonu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişme hızı ile üretimde enerji kullanımı arasında pozitif korelasyonlu bir ilişki olduğu varsayımından hareketle 27 yüksek gelir grubu, 17 orta gelir grubundaki ülkeler için tahminler yapılmıştır. Yüksek ve orta gelir grubundaki ülkelerde hem teknoloji düzeyi hem de teknolojinin gelişme hızı birbirinden farklıdır. Çalışmada da bu farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna göre yüksek gelirli ülkelerde 1990-2011 döneminde teknolojinin gelişme hızı %0,9, orta gelirli ülkelerde ise %1,4 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Teknolojideki bu gelişme hızları yüksek gelirli ülkelerde %1.25, orta gelirli ülkelerde ise %1,65 düzeyinde bir enerji tasarrufu sağladığı tahmin edilmiştir. 

Keywords

Enerji Yoğunluğu Teknolojik Gelişme Enerji Tasarrufu

References

  • Driscoll, J. & Kraay A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549–560.
  • Felipe, J. & McCombie, J. S. L. (2005). How sound are the foundations of aggregate production function? Eastern Economic Journal , 31 (3), 467-488.
  • Felipe, J. & Adams, F.G. (2005). The estimation of the Cobb-Douglas function: a retrospective view. Eastern Economic Journal, 31 (3), 427-445.
  • Freeman, S.L. ve diğerleri. (1997). Measuring industrial energy intensity: practical issues and problems. Energy Policy, 25, 703-714.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69, 393–414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance .Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32, 675–701.
  • Galli, R. (1998). The relationship between energy intensity and income levels: forecasting long term energy demand in Asian emerging countries. The Energy Journal, 19 (4), 85-105.
  • Geller, H. et.al. (2006). Policies for increasing energy efficiency: thirty years of experience in OECD countries. Energy Policy 34, 556-573.
  • Hannesson, R. (2002). Energy use and GDP growth, 1950-1997. OPEC Review, September: 205-233.
  • Hoekman, B.M. & Maskus, K. E. & Saggi, K. (2005). Transfer of technology to developing countries: unilateral and multilateral policy options. World Development, 33(10), 1587-1602.
  • Jacob, V. & Sharma, S.C. & Grabowski R. (1997). Capital stock estimates for major sectors and disaggregated manufacturing in selected OECD countries. Applied Economics, 29, 563-579.
  • Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chang, C. P. (2007). Energy consumption and GDP revisited: a panel analysis of developed and developing countries. Energy Economics 29, 1206-1223.
  • ________(2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and Energy Economics 30, 50-65.
  • Lise, W. & Montfort, K. V. (2007).Energy consumption and GDP in Turkey: is there a co-integration relationship?” Energy Economics 29, 1166-1178.
  • Löschel, A. (2002). Technological change in economic models of environmental policy: a survey. Ecological Economics, 43 (2-3), 105-126.
  • Ma, C. & Stern, D. I. (2008). China’s changing energy intensity trend: a decomposition analysis. Energy Economics, 30(3), 1037-1053.
  • Mishra, S. K. (2007). A Brief History of Production Functions, MPRA Paper No: 5254.
  • Öztürk, İ. Aslan, A. ve Kalyoncu, H. (2010). Energy consumption and economic growth relationship: evidence from panel data for low and middle income countries. Energy Policy, 38, 4422-4428.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, No. 0435.
  • Sarı, R. ve Soytaş, U. (2007). The growth of income and energy consumption in six developing countries. Energy Policy, 35, 889-898.
  • Stresing, R & Lindenberger, D. & Kümmel, R. (2008). Co-integration of output, capital, labour and energy.EWI Working Paper, No: 08-04, Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne.
  • Vanden, K.F. et al (2006). Technology development and energy productivity in China. Energy Economics, 28(5-6), 690-705.
  • Wei, T. (2007). Impact of energy efficiency gains on output and energy use with Cobb-Douglas production function. Energy Policy, 35, 2023-2030.
  • Welsch, H. & Ochsen, C. (2005). The Determinants of Aggregate Energy Use in West Germany: Factor Substitution, Technological Change, and Trade. Energy Economics 27, 93-111.
  • Yuan, C. et.al. (2009). Research on energy saving effect of technological progress based on Cobb-Douglas production function. Energy Policy, 37, 2842-2846.

Year 2015, Volume: 12 Issue: 32, 1 - 22, 30.12.2015

Affan Çermikli , İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu

Abstract

References

  • Driscoll, J. & Kraay A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549–560.
  • Felipe, J. & McCombie, J. S. L. (2005). How sound are the foundations of aggregate production function? Eastern Economic Journal , 31 (3), 467-488.
  • Felipe, J. & Adams, F.G. (2005). The estimation of the Cobb-Douglas function: a retrospective view. Eastern Economic Journal, 31 (3), 427-445.
  • Freeman, S.L. ve diğerleri. (1997). Measuring industrial energy intensity: practical issues and problems. Energy Policy, 25, 703-714.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69, 393–414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance .Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32, 675–701.
  • Galli, R. (1998). The relationship between energy intensity and income levels: forecasting long term energy demand in Asian emerging countries. The Energy Journal, 19 (4), 85-105.
  • Geller, H. et.al. (2006). Policies for increasing energy efficiency: thirty years of experience in OECD countries. Energy Policy 34, 556-573.
  • Hannesson, R. (2002). Energy use and GDP growth, 1950-1997. OPEC Review, September: 205-233.
  • Hoekman, B.M. & Maskus, K. E. & Saggi, K. (2005). Transfer of technology to developing countries: unilateral and multilateral policy options. World Development, 33(10), 1587-1602.
  • Jacob, V. & Sharma, S.C. & Grabowski R. (1997). Capital stock estimates for major sectors and disaggregated manufacturing in selected OECD countries. Applied Economics, 29, 563-579.
  • Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chang, C. P. (2007). Energy consumption and GDP revisited: a panel analysis of developed and developing countries. Energy Economics 29, 1206-1223.
  • ________(2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and Energy Economics 30, 50-65.
  • Lise, W. & Montfort, K. V. (2007).Energy consumption and GDP in Turkey: is there a co-integration relationship?” Energy Economics 29, 1166-1178.
  • Löschel, A. (2002). Technological change in economic models of environmental policy: a survey. Ecological Economics, 43 (2-3), 105-126.
  • Ma, C. & Stern, D. I. (2008). China’s changing energy intensity trend: a decomposition analysis. Energy Economics, 30(3), 1037-1053.
  • Mishra, S. K. (2007). A Brief History of Production Functions, MPRA Paper No: 5254.
  • Öztürk, İ. Aslan, A. ve Kalyoncu, H. (2010). Energy consumption and economic growth relationship: evidence from panel data for low and middle income countries. Energy Policy, 38, 4422-4428.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, No. 0435.
  • Sarı, R. ve Soytaş, U. (2007). The growth of income and energy consumption in six developing countries. Energy Policy, 35, 889-898.
  • Stresing, R & Lindenberger, D. & Kümmel, R. (2008). Co-integration of output, capital, labour and energy.EWI Working Paper, No: 08-04, Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne.
  • Vanden, K.F. et al (2006). Technology development and energy productivity in China. Energy Economics, 28(5-6), 690-705.
  • Wei, T. (2007). Impact of energy efficiency gains on output and energy use with Cobb-Douglas production function. Energy Policy, 35, 2023-2030.
  • Welsch, H. & Ochsen, C. (2005). The Determinants of Aggregate Energy Use in West Germany: Factor Substitution, Technological Change, and Trade. Energy Economics 27, 93-111.
  • Yuan, C. et.al. (2009). Research on energy saving effect of technological progress based on Cobb-Douglas production function. Energy Policy, 37, 2842-2846.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Affan Çermikli

İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu

Publication Date December 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 12 Issue: 32

Cite

APA Çermikli, A., & Tokatlıoğlu, İ. (2015). Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(32), 1-22.
AMA Çermikli A, Tokatlıoğlu İ. Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. December 2015;12(32):1-22.
Chicago Çermikli, Affan, and İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu. “Yüksek Ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12, no. 32 (December 2015): 1-22.
EndNote Çermikli A, Tokatlıoğlu İ (December 1, 2015) Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12 32 1–22.
IEEE A. Çermikli and İ. Tokatlıoğlu, “Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 32, pp. 1–22, 2015.
ISNAD Çermikli, Affan - Tokatlıoğlu, İbrahim. “Yüksek Ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12/32 (December 2015), 1-22.
JAMA Çermikli A, Tokatlıoğlu İ. Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;12:1–22.
MLA Çermikli, Affan and İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu. “Yüksek Ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 32, 2015, pp. 1-22.
Vancouver Çermikli A, Tokatlıoğlu İ. Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Teknolojik Gelişmenin Enerji Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi / The Effects of Technological Growth on Energy Intensity in High and Middle Income Countries. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;12(32):1-22.

.