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Determining the effect of trees on the prevention of surface temperature increase caused by surface materials used in urban areas

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 08.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1024883

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of trees on the prevention of the surface temperature increase in the summer period of different surface coverings resulting from usages in urban areas.

Methods and Results: In the study, surface temperature measurements were made on 10 different surfaces (soil, asphalt, parquet (sun-under vegetation) and grass (sun-under vegetation)) on 16 June 2020 at 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00 using an infrared thermometer. Surface temperature measurements were carried out at a height of 150 cm from the surface with 3 replications. According to the data, the highest average surface temperature was obtained in the soil surface as 46,44 °C. This is followed by asphalt, paving stone (sun), grass (sun), paving stone (plant shade) and grass (plant shade). The average value of the lowest surface temperature value was obtained on the grass surface in the shade of Platanus orientalis. In the hottest hour of the day, the lowest surface temperature was obtained on the paving stone surface in the shade of Ficus retusa-nitida.

Conclusions: Cities with a Mediterranean climate prevails have a very hot summer period. When this situation comes together with the heat of the surface materials, it can be a factor that reduces the comfort of the people living in the city. In this context, it will increase the comfort level in the urban area by creating a grass surface and increasing the use of trees in planting design applications.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Heating of cities is seen as an important problem all over the world. For this reason, studies on the contribution of green areas (grass surface and other plant materials) to the reduction of problems have gained importance.It is thought that the data of this study will contribute to the decisions to be made in terms of plant presence-hard ground relationship in the planning of the city.

References

  • Abreu-Harbich LV, Labaki LC, Matzarakis A (2015) Effect of tree planting design and tree species on human thermal comfort in the tropics. Landscape and Urban Planning. 138: 99-109.
  • Adiguzel F, Cetin M, Kaya E, Simsek M, Gungor S, Bozdogan Sert E (2020) Defining suitable areas for bioclimatic comfort for landscape planning and landscape management in Hatay, Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 139(3-4): 1493-1503.
  • Aguiar A, French K, Chisholm L (2014) A comparison of the ameliorating effects of native and exotic street trees on surface heat retention at dusk. Urban Climate. 10: 56-62.
  • Alkan A, Adıgüzel F, Kaya E (2017) Batman kentinde kentsel ısınmanın azaltılmasında yeşil alanların önemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Dergisi. 34: 63-76.
  • Bozdogan Sert E, Kaya E. Adıguzel F, Cetin M, Kaya E, Gungor S, Zeren Cetin I, Dinc Y (2021) Effect of the surface temperature of surface materials on thermal comfort: a case study of İskenderun (Hatay, Turkey). Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 144: 103-113.
  • Cetin M (2015) Determining the bioclimatic comfort in Kastamonu City. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 187: 640-649.
  • Cetin M, Adiguzel F, Gungor S, Kaya E, Sancar MC (2019) Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. 12: 1103–1112.
  • Cetin M, Kaya E, Bozdoğan Sert E, Güzel ZT, Adıgüzel F, Güngör Ş (2020) Determining the impact of various surfaces in open green areas of Iskenderun coastal band on thermal comfort. In: Advances in Scientific Research: Engineering and Architecture. (Eds. Ilia CHRISTOV, Viliyan KRYSTEV, Recep EFE, Abd Alla GAD). St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. Press, Sofia, pp: 194-210.
  • Connors JP, Galletti CS, Chow WTL (2013) Landscape configuration and urban heat island effects: assessing the relationship between landscape characteristics and land surface temperature in Phoenix, Arizona. Landscape Ecology. 28: 271–283.
  • Correa EN, Ruiz A, Cantón MA, Lesino G (2012) Thermal comfort in forested urban canyons of low building density. An assessment for the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Building and Environment. 58: 219-230.
  • Feyisa GL, Dons K, Meilby H (2014). Efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect: An example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning. 123: 87-95.
  • Gómez F, Sifre V, Montero L, De Vicente V, Gil L (2006) Sustainability in cities: the green areas and climatic comfort as fundamental parameters. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 93: 83-93.
  • Gómez F, Montero L, De Vicente V, Sequí A, Castilla N (2008) Vegetation influences on the human thermal comfort in outdoor spaces: criteria for urban planning. The Sustainable City 2020. 151-163.
  • Irmak MA, Yılmaz S, Dursun D, (2017) Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions. Atmósfera. 30(4): 355-366.
  • Lehoczky A, Sobrino JA, Skokovic´ D, Aguilar E (2017) The urban heat island effect in the city of Valencia: a case study for hot summer days. Urban Science. 1(9): 1-18.
  • Leuzingera S, Vogt R, Körner C (2010) Tree surface temperature in an urban environment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 150: 56-62.
  • MGM (2020) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. İskenderun İlçesi Saatlik İklim Verileri.
  • Oliveira S, Andrade H, Vaz T (2011) The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and Environment. 46: 2186-2194.
  • Patz JA, Campbell-Lendrum D, Holloway T, Foley JA (2005) Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature. 438: 310-317.
  • Yan H, Wu F, Dong L (2018) Influence of large urban park on the local urban thermal environment. Science of Total Environment. 622-623: 882-891.

Kentsel alanda kullanılan zemin malzemelerinden kaynaklanan yüzey sıcaklığı artışının önlenmesinde ağaçların etkisinin belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 08.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1024883

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kentsel alanlarda kullanımlar sonucu ortaya çıkan farklı zemin kaplamalarının yaz döneminde sahip olduğu yüzey sıcaklığı artışının önlenmesinde ağaçların etkisini ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada 16 Haziran 2020 tarihinde 09:00, 13:00 ve 17:00 saatlerinde 10 farklı yüzeyde (toprak, asfalt, parke (güneş-bitki altı) ve çim (güneş-bitki altı)) infrared termometre kullanılarak yüzey sıcaklığı ölçümü yapılmıştır. Yüzey sıcaklık ölçümleri yüzeyden 150 cm yükseklikten 3 tekerrürlü olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek ortalama yüzey sıcaklığı 46.44 °C ile toprak zeminde elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında asfalt, parke (güneş), çim (güneş), parke (bitki gölgesi) ve çim (bitki gölgesi) şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. En düşük yüzey sıcaklığı ortalama değeri Platanus orientalis türünün gölgesindeki çim yüzeyde elde edilmiştir. Günün en sıcak saatinde ise en düşük yüzey sıcaklığı Ficus retusa-nitida gölgesinde bulunan parke yüzeyde elde edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Akdeniz ikliminin hüküm sürdüğü kentler yaz dönemi oldukça sıcak geçirmektedir. Bu durum yüzey malzemelerinin de sahip olduğu ısıyla bir araya geldiğinde kentte yaşayanların konforunu azaltan bir faktör olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çim yüzey oluşturarak ve bitkisel tasarımlarda ağaç kullanımını arttırarak kentsel alanda konfor düzeyi de arttırabilecektir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Kentlerin ısınması tüm dünyada önemli bir sorun olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle yeşil alanların (çim yüzey ve diğer bitkisel materyal) sorunların azaltılmasına katkıları yönündeki çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada edilen verilerin kentin planlanmasında bitki varlığı-sert zemin ilişkisi açısından verilecek kararlara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Abreu-Harbich LV, Labaki LC, Matzarakis A (2015) Effect of tree planting design and tree species on human thermal comfort in the tropics. Landscape and Urban Planning. 138: 99-109.
  • Adiguzel F, Cetin M, Kaya E, Simsek M, Gungor S, Bozdogan Sert E (2020) Defining suitable areas for bioclimatic comfort for landscape planning and landscape management in Hatay, Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 139(3-4): 1493-1503.
  • Aguiar A, French K, Chisholm L (2014) A comparison of the ameliorating effects of native and exotic street trees on surface heat retention at dusk. Urban Climate. 10: 56-62.
  • Alkan A, Adıgüzel F, Kaya E (2017) Batman kentinde kentsel ısınmanın azaltılmasında yeşil alanların önemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Dergisi. 34: 63-76.
  • Bozdogan Sert E, Kaya E. Adıguzel F, Cetin M, Kaya E, Gungor S, Zeren Cetin I, Dinc Y (2021) Effect of the surface temperature of surface materials on thermal comfort: a case study of İskenderun (Hatay, Turkey). Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 144: 103-113.
  • Cetin M (2015) Determining the bioclimatic comfort in Kastamonu City. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 187: 640-649.
  • Cetin M, Adiguzel F, Gungor S, Kaya E, Sancar MC (2019) Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. 12: 1103–1112.
  • Cetin M, Kaya E, Bozdoğan Sert E, Güzel ZT, Adıgüzel F, Güngör Ş (2020) Determining the impact of various surfaces in open green areas of Iskenderun coastal band on thermal comfort. In: Advances in Scientific Research: Engineering and Architecture. (Eds. Ilia CHRISTOV, Viliyan KRYSTEV, Recep EFE, Abd Alla GAD). St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. Press, Sofia, pp: 194-210.
  • Connors JP, Galletti CS, Chow WTL (2013) Landscape configuration and urban heat island effects: assessing the relationship between landscape characteristics and land surface temperature in Phoenix, Arizona. Landscape Ecology. 28: 271–283.
  • Correa EN, Ruiz A, Cantón MA, Lesino G (2012) Thermal comfort in forested urban canyons of low building density. An assessment for the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Building and Environment. 58: 219-230.
  • Feyisa GL, Dons K, Meilby H (2014). Efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect: An example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning. 123: 87-95.
  • Gómez F, Sifre V, Montero L, De Vicente V, Gil L (2006) Sustainability in cities: the green areas and climatic comfort as fundamental parameters. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 93: 83-93.
  • Gómez F, Montero L, De Vicente V, Sequí A, Castilla N (2008) Vegetation influences on the human thermal comfort in outdoor spaces: criteria for urban planning. The Sustainable City 2020. 151-163.
  • Irmak MA, Yılmaz S, Dursun D, (2017) Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions. Atmósfera. 30(4): 355-366.
  • Lehoczky A, Sobrino JA, Skokovic´ D, Aguilar E (2017) The urban heat island effect in the city of Valencia: a case study for hot summer days. Urban Science. 1(9): 1-18.
  • Leuzingera S, Vogt R, Körner C (2010) Tree surface temperature in an urban environment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 150: 56-62.
  • MGM (2020) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. İskenderun İlçesi Saatlik İklim Verileri.
  • Oliveira S, Andrade H, Vaz T (2011) The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and Environment. 46: 2186-2194.
  • Patz JA, Campbell-Lendrum D, Holloway T, Foley JA (2005) Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature. 438: 310-317.
  • Yan H, Wu F, Dong L (2018) Influence of large urban park on the local urban thermal environment. Science of Total Environment. 622-623: 882-891.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Fatih Adıgüzel 0000-0002-5978-2495

Elif Bozdoğan Sert 0000-0002-4812-2360

Mehmet Çetin 0000-0002-8992-0289

Publication Date April 8, 2022
Submission Date November 17, 2021
Acceptance Date November 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Adıgüzel, F., Bozdoğan Sert, E., & Çetin, M. (2022). Kentsel alanda kullanılan zemin malzemelerinden kaynaklanan yüzey sıcaklığı artışının önlenmesinde ağaçların etkisinin belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1024883

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