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Diagnosis of Xanthomonas isolates causing bacterial spot disease at the species level

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 439 - 449, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1424660

Abstract

The starting point of biological studies for scientific purposes is taxonomy. Taxonomic information reveals the kinship relations of a living thing with other living things. Taxonomy, which can change naturally over time, can also change as a result of new technologies, methods and concepts. As in other living things, classification and nomenclature in bacteria can change with the developing molecular techniques. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Syn Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria), the causal agent of Bacterial Spot Disease of tomato and pepper, is one of the bacterial agents whose systematics have changed and divided into new species. These four species were named as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans and Xanthomonas gardneri according to DNA homology analysis. In this study, 66 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria isolates isolated from tomatoes and peppers grown in open field and under cover as well as seedlings and pepper seeds in Adana, Antalya and Mersin provinces between 2004 and 2021 were reclassified using classical PCR test. Based on the results, 91% (60 isolates) were identified as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and 9% (6 isolates) were identified as Xanthomonas perforans. This article is the first research on occurence of Xanthomonas perforans in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Adana and Mersin provinces).

References

  • Abbasi, P.A., Khabbaz, S.E., Weselowski, B., & Zhang, L. (2015). Occurance of copper-resistant strains and a shift in Xanthomonas spp. causing tomato bacterial spot in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 61 (10), 753-761. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjm-2015-0228
  • Abrahamian, P., Klein-Gordon, L.M., Jones, J.B., & Vallad, G.E. (2021). Epidemiology, diversity, and management of bacterial spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas perforans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105, 6143-6158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11459-9
  • Anonim (Jan, 2024). Bitki karantinası yönetmeliği. www.http.mevzuat.gov.tr
  • Areas, M.S., Gonçalves, R.M., Soman, J.M., Sakate, R.K., Gioria, R., da Silva Júnior, T.A., & Maringoni, A.C. (2015). Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on pepper in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology, 163 (11-12), 1050-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12349
  • EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization). (2013). Diagnostics, PM 7/110 (1) Xanthomonas spp. (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 43 (1), 7-20.
  • EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization). ( Aug, 2021). A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests- version 2021-09 – https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/A2_list
  • Horuz, S. (2019). Identification of Xanthomonas spp. disease agent/s and the effect of chemical seed treatments to control bacterial spot of pepper. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28 (9), 6786-6792.
  • Jones, J.B., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., Almira, E.C., Roberts, P.D., Bowen, B.W., Sudberry, J., Strickler P.M., & Chun J. (2000). Systematic analysis of Xanthomonads (Xanthomonas spp.) associated with pepper and tomato lesions. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50, 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1211
  • Jones, J.B., Lacy, G.H., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., & Schaad, N.W. (2004). Reclassification of the Xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 27 (6), 755-762. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723202042369884
  • Koenraadt, H., van Betteray, B., Germain, R., Hiddink, G., Jones, J.B., Oosterhof, J., Rijlaarsdam, A., Roorda, P., & Woudt, B. (2009). Development of specific primers for the molecular detection of bacterial spot of pepper and tomato. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tomato Diseases (Eds H. Saygili, F Sahin & Y Aysan), Acta Horticulturae, 808, 99-102.
  • Lin, Y.R., Lee, S., Lu, C.H., & Chu, C.C. (2020). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. maculifoliigardeniae causing bacterial leaf spot of Ixora in Taiwan. Journal Phytopathology, 168, 478-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12912
  • Mirik, M. (2005). Biberde bakteriyel leke etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’nın tanılanması ve bitki büyüme düzenleyici rizobakteriler ile biyolojik mücadele olanakları. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, 178 s.
  • Obradovic, A., Jones, J.B., Momol, M.T., Balogh, B., & Olson, S.M. (2004). Management of tomato bacterial spot in the field by foliar applications of bacteriophages and SAR inducers. Plant Disease, 88 (7), 736-740. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.736
  • Osdaghi, E., Jones, J.B., Sharma, A., Goss, E.M., Abrahamian, P., Newberry, E.A., Potnis, N., Carvalho, R., Choudhary, M., Paret, M.L., Timilsina, S., & Vallad, G.E. (2021). A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Molecular Plant Pathology, 22 (12), 1500. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578828/
  • Sambrook, J.E., Fritsch, F., & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual Appendixes, (2nd Edition p. 6.4- 6.20). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, USA.
  • Şahin, F., & Miller, S.A. (1998). Resistance in Capsicum pubescens to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria pepper race 6. Plant Disease, 82,794-799. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.7.794
  • Şahin, F., Mirik, M., & Aysan, Y. (2013). Bitki bakteri hastalıkları. H. Saygılı, F. Şahin, Y. Aysan (Eds.). Biber ve Domates Bakteriyel Yaprak Lekesi Hastalığı Bacterial Leaf Spot of Pepper and Tomato, Xanthomonas axaonopodis pv. vesicatoria, (2. Baskı, s. 183-187). Meta Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Zhang, X., Li, N., Liu, X.,Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, D.,Wang, Y., Cao, H., Zhao, B., & Yang, W. (2021) Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3. The Plant Journal, 105, 1630-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15138

Bakteriyel leke hastalığına neden olan Xanthomonas izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanısı

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 439 - 449, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1424660

Abstract

Bilimsel amaçlı biyolojik çalışmaların başlangıç noktası olan taksonomi, bir canlının diğer canlılarla akrabalık ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Taksonomi doğal olarak değişenlik gösterebildiği gibi, yeni teknolojiler, metotlar ve kavramlarla da değişebilir. Diğer canlı türlerinde olduğu gibi bakterilerde de sınıflandırma ve isimlendirmeler gelişen moleküler teknikler ile beraber değişebilmektedir. Sistematiğinde değişiklik olan ve yeni türlere ayrılan bakteriyel etmenlerden biri de domates ve biberde Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığı etmeni Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Syn Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria)’dır. Patojen, yeni moleküler tekniklerin ışığında dört türe ayrılmıştır. DNA homolojisine göre yapılan analizlerde Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans ve Xanthomonas gardneri olarak isimlendirmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında; Adana, Antalya ve Mersin illerinde açık alan ve örtü altında yetiştirilen domates ve biberlerden, fideliklerden ve biber tohumlarından 2004-2021 yılları arasında izole edilmiş 66 adet Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria izolatı klasik PCR testi kullanılarak yeniden sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan Klasik PCR testinde izolatların %91’i (60 izolat) Xanthomonas euvesicatoria olarak ve %9’u (6 izolat) ise Xanthomonas perforans olarak saptanmıştır. Bu makale Xanthomonas perforans’ın Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde (Adana ve Mersin illeri) varlığını ortaya koyan ilk çalışma niteliğindedir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmada kullandığımız SH-4-1 kodlu Xanthomonas euvesicatoria izolatını bize sağlayan Doç. Dr. Sümer HORUZ’a derin teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

References

  • Abbasi, P.A., Khabbaz, S.E., Weselowski, B., & Zhang, L. (2015). Occurance of copper-resistant strains and a shift in Xanthomonas spp. causing tomato bacterial spot in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 61 (10), 753-761. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjm-2015-0228
  • Abrahamian, P., Klein-Gordon, L.M., Jones, J.B., & Vallad, G.E. (2021). Epidemiology, diversity, and management of bacterial spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas perforans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105, 6143-6158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11459-9
  • Anonim (Jan, 2024). Bitki karantinası yönetmeliği. www.http.mevzuat.gov.tr
  • Areas, M.S., Gonçalves, R.M., Soman, J.M., Sakate, R.K., Gioria, R., da Silva Júnior, T.A., & Maringoni, A.C. (2015). Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on pepper in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology, 163 (11-12), 1050-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12349
  • EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization). (2013). Diagnostics, PM 7/110 (1) Xanthomonas spp. (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 43 (1), 7-20.
  • EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization). ( Aug, 2021). A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests- version 2021-09 – https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/A2_list
  • Horuz, S. (2019). Identification of Xanthomonas spp. disease agent/s and the effect of chemical seed treatments to control bacterial spot of pepper. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28 (9), 6786-6792.
  • Jones, J.B., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., Almira, E.C., Roberts, P.D., Bowen, B.W., Sudberry, J., Strickler P.M., & Chun J. (2000). Systematic analysis of Xanthomonads (Xanthomonas spp.) associated with pepper and tomato lesions. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50, 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1211
  • Jones, J.B., Lacy, G.H., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., & Schaad, N.W. (2004). Reclassification of the Xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 27 (6), 755-762. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723202042369884
  • Koenraadt, H., van Betteray, B., Germain, R., Hiddink, G., Jones, J.B., Oosterhof, J., Rijlaarsdam, A., Roorda, P., & Woudt, B. (2009). Development of specific primers for the molecular detection of bacterial spot of pepper and tomato. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tomato Diseases (Eds H. Saygili, F Sahin & Y Aysan), Acta Horticulturae, 808, 99-102.
  • Lin, Y.R., Lee, S., Lu, C.H., & Chu, C.C. (2020). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. maculifoliigardeniae causing bacterial leaf spot of Ixora in Taiwan. Journal Phytopathology, 168, 478-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12912
  • Mirik, M. (2005). Biberde bakteriyel leke etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’nın tanılanması ve bitki büyüme düzenleyici rizobakteriler ile biyolojik mücadele olanakları. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, 178 s.
  • Obradovic, A., Jones, J.B., Momol, M.T., Balogh, B., & Olson, S.M. (2004). Management of tomato bacterial spot in the field by foliar applications of bacteriophages and SAR inducers. Plant Disease, 88 (7), 736-740. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.736
  • Osdaghi, E., Jones, J.B., Sharma, A., Goss, E.M., Abrahamian, P., Newberry, E.A., Potnis, N., Carvalho, R., Choudhary, M., Paret, M.L., Timilsina, S., & Vallad, G.E. (2021). A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Molecular Plant Pathology, 22 (12), 1500. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578828/
  • Sambrook, J.E., Fritsch, F., & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual Appendixes, (2nd Edition p. 6.4- 6.20). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, USA.
  • Şahin, F., & Miller, S.A. (1998). Resistance in Capsicum pubescens to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria pepper race 6. Plant Disease, 82,794-799. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.7.794
  • Şahin, F., Mirik, M., & Aysan, Y. (2013). Bitki bakteri hastalıkları. H. Saygılı, F. Şahin, Y. Aysan (Eds.). Biber ve Domates Bakteriyel Yaprak Lekesi Hastalığı Bacterial Leaf Spot of Pepper and Tomato, Xanthomonas axaonopodis pv. vesicatoria, (2. Baskı, s. 183-187). Meta Basım Matbaacılık.
  • Zhang, X., Li, N., Liu, X.,Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, D.,Wang, Y., Cao, H., Zhao, B., & Yang, W. (2021) Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3. The Plant Journal, 105, 1630-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15138
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Plant Protection (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Benian Pınar Aktepe 0000-0002-4731-9954

Raziye Cetınkaya Yıldız 0000-0002-1967-8829

Yesim Aysan 0000-0003-2647-5111

Early Pub Date August 3, 2024
Publication Date August 12, 2024
Submission Date January 24, 2024
Acceptance Date April 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pınar Aktepe, B., Cetınkaya Yıldız, R., & Aysan, Y. (2024). Bakteriyel leke hastalığına neden olan Xanthomonas izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanısı. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1424660

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