Current perspective of neonatal hypoglycemia

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 47, 431 - 442, 15.12.2022

Serkan Bilge Koca , Ayşe Halime Altıntaş , Büşra Duba

https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.1074719

Abstract

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common health problem, observed in the neonatal period that affects the later stages of life. Hypoglycemia can lead to acute and chronic complications, leading to permanent and irreversible neurological problems in the growth and development of the newborn. Although the most sensitive test to detect hypoglycemia is still measurement with plasma glucose, noninvasive glucose measurement methods have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycemia in risky babies with the advances of these technological measurement methods in recent years, along with the traditional glucose measurement methods used for years. While glucometers, blood gas analyzers, enzymatic measurement in the laboratory are traditional measurement methods, continuous glucose measurement systems are a technique that has started to take place in the new generation glucose measurement. While taking protective precautions to prevent the development of hypoglycemia, early breastfeeding support should be provided and encouraged. Which conditions pose a risk for hypoglycemia, at which glucose threshold value should be given treatment, and the effects of the new generation glucose measurement methods and current treatments are discussed in this review. In addition to blood glucose measurements and observation of clinical signs in risky babies, differential diagnosis and management of treatment in hypoglycemia also play an important role in prognosis.

Keywords

Neonatology, Hypoglycemia, Newborn

Yenidoğan hipoglisemisine güncel yaklaşım

Abstract

Neonatal hipoglisemi yenidoğan döneminde sık görülen, yaşamın ilerleyen dönemlerini de etkileyen bir sağlık sorunudur. Hipoglisemi akut ve kronik komplikasyonlara neden olarak yenidoğan bebeğin büyümesi ve gelişmesinde kalıcı ve geri dönüşümsüz nörolojik sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Hipoglisemiyi saptamak için en duyarlı test halen plazma glukozu ile ölçümü olsa da, yıllardır kullanılan geleneksel glukoz ölçüm yöntemleri ile birlikte son yıllarda noninvaziv glukoz ölçüm yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler ile riskli bebeklerde hipogliseminin tanı ve tedavisinde bu teknolojik ölçüm yöntemleri yaygın kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Glukometre, kan gazı analizatörleri, laboratuvarda enzimatik ölçüm geleneksel ölçüm yöntemleri iken, sürekli glukoz ölçüm sistemleri yeni nesil glukoz ölçümünde yer almaya başlayan yeni bir tekniktir. Hipoglisemi gelişimini engellemek için koruyucu önlemler alırken erken dönemde anne sütü ile emzirme desteği sağlanmalı ve teşvik edilmelidir. Hangi durumların hipoglisemi için risk oluşturduğu, hangi glukoz eşik değerinde tedavi vermek gerektiği ve son kullanılan yeni nesil glukoz ölçüm yöntemlerinin etkileri ve güncel tedaviler bu derlemede tartışılmıştır. Riskli bebeklerde kan şekeri ölçümleri ve klinik bulguların gözlenmesi yanında hipoglisemide ayırıcı tanı yapılarak tedavinin yönetilmesi de prognozda önemli bir yer tutar.

Keywords

Neonataloji, Hipoglisemi, Yenidoğan

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