Öz
Farm
machinery offers many benefits for the farmers; however, they present important
occupational safety concerns when they are not designed and used safely.
Previous studies in Turkey concentrated on accidents of farm tractors and
general farm machinery. No study was available on thresher accidents which
cause significant number of casualties and injuries in Turkey. Hence, the aim
of this study was to investigate the thresher accidents to determine main
causal factors towards reducing the accidents, fatalities, injuries and
monetary losses. Data on thresher accidents were collected based on accident
news stories. A total of 103 thresher accidents were identified between 2002
and 2017 of which 90 were on-field and 13 were on-road incidents. It was
observed that fatality rate was very high at about 39.6%. Accidents were higher
in some regions such as Central Anatolia region (28.2%) and Black Sea region
(25.2%). Majority of the accidents were in summer months (77.7%). Most of the
on-field accidents occurred as entanglement of body parts (63.3%) to thresher’s
moving parts followed by entanglement of clothes (16.6%) and fall into thresher
(13.3%). The percentage of children with an age of less than 10 was
considerable (13.0%). Safer material intake and safer power transmission
designs are needed. Farmers need training on how to safely operate a thresher
and how their clothing should be for safer work. Also, precautions are needed
to distant children from work area of the threshers.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad SA, Iqbal M, Ahmad M, Tanvir A, Sial JK, 2013. Redesigning and Development of Indigenous Beater Wheat Thresher. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 9 (1): 69–98.Arslan A, Keskin M, 2017. Trailer-Attached Two-Wheel Tractor (Patpat) Accidents in Turkey. 2nd Int. Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, 25-27 October 2017, pp. 1488, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.Aytop Y, Cukadar M, Sahin A, 2014. Agricultural Sector Profile of Turkey in the World. Turkish Journal of Agric. and Natural Sciences, Special Issue: 1. 688-694.Berk A, 2013. Processor Driven Integration of Small-Scale Farmers into Value Chains in Turkey. FAO Report, pp. 33.Bulbul H, 2006. Survey on the occupational accidents resulted from using agricultural equipment in Ankara region. MSc Thesis, Ankara University, Turkey, pp. 47.Golbasi M, 2004. Farm Machinery Accidents: Farm Machinery Safety Guide (Tarim Makineleri Kazalari: Tarım Makineleri İş Güvenliği Kılavuzu) (In Turkish). Ankara, Turkey. pp. 57.Görücü Keskin S, Keskin M, Soysal Y, 2012. Assessing Farm Tractor Incidents and Awareness Levels of Operators for Tractor Safety Issues in the Hatay Province of Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 18 (2): 113-128.GTHB 2013. Structural changes and reforms on Turkish agriculture 2003-2013. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (GTHB), pp 53.ILO 2000. Safety and health in agriculture. International Labour Organization (ILO). Published by SafeWork, ILO. June 2000. pp 24.Keskin M, Sekerli YE, Arslan A, 2016. Analysis of On-Road Farm Tractor Accidents in Hatay Province of Turkey from 2000 to 2015. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30: 325-333.Manes GS, Rajdeep S, Khurana R, 2006. Adoption status of safety measures on threshers. Journal of Research, 43 (2): 134-137.NAE 2018. Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on behalf of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). www.greatachievements.org. Access date: 19 January 2018. Nag PK, Nag A, 2004. Drudgery, Accidents and Injuries in Indian Agriculture. Industrial Health, (42): 149–162. Paoli P 1992. First European surveys on the work environment 1991-1992. Report. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. pp 231.Oz E, Cakmak B, 2014. An Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Related Accidents with the Exemption of Tractors for the Last Decade in Turkey. VII Int.Occupational Health and Safety Conference, 5-7 May 2014, Istanbul, Turkey.Saglam C, Cetin N, Kus, Z.A., 2017. Assessment of Tractor and Agricultural Machinery Accidents in Kayseri Province. Gaziosmanpasa Journal of Scientific Research, 6: 20-34.Singh R, Sharma AK, Jain S, Sharma SC, Magu NK, 2005. Wheat thresher agricultural injuries: a by-product of mechanised farming. Asia Pac J Public Health, 17 (1): 36-9.TurkStat 2016. Numbers of agricultural equipment and machinery in Turkey (1998-2016). Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). www.turkstat.gov.tr. Access date: 19 January 2018. Verma SR, Rawal GS, Bhatia BS, 1978. A study of human injuries in wheat threshers. Journal of Agric. Engineering, (15): 19–23.Yildirim C, Altuntas E, 2015. Evaluation the Work Accidents Depending on the Work Safety Happened by Using Tractor and Agricultural Machinery in Tokat Province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 32 (1): 77-90.
Öz
Tarım makineleri çiftçiler
için birçok yarar sunmaktadır ancak güvenli bir şekilde tasarlanmadıkları ve kullanılmadıkları
zaman önemli iş güvenliği riskleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye'de yapılmış olan
mevcut çalışmalar, tarım traktörleri ve genel tarım makineleri kazalarına
yoğunlaşmıştır. Türkiye'de önemli sayıda ölüm ve yaralanmaya neden olan patoz
(sapdöver harman makinası) kazaları hakkında bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı; patoz kazalarında; kaza sayısı, ölüm, yaralanma ve maddi
kayıpları azaltmaya yönelik nedensel faktörleri incelemektir. Patoz kazaları
ile ilgili veriler kaza haberlerine dayanılarak elde edilmiştir. 2002 ile 2017
yılları arasında 90'ı arazide ve 13'ü yolda olmak üzere toplam 103 patoz kazası
tespit edilmiştir. Kazalarda ölüm oranının %39,6 gibi çok yüksek seviyede
olduğu görülmüştür. Kaza sayısı İç Anadolu Bölgesi (%28,2) ve Karadeniz Bölgesi
(%25,2)’nde daha yüksektir. Kazaların büyük çoğunluğu (%77) yaz aylarında
gerçekleşmiştir. Arazi kazalarının büyük çoğunluğu patozun hareketli
parçalarına vücudun bir kısmını kaptırma (%63,3) şeklinde gerçekleşmiş ve bunu
giysilerin kaptırılması (%16,6), patozun içerisine düşme (%13,3) takip
etmiştir. Kazaya karışan 10 yaşından küçük çocukların oranı önemli seviyededir
(%13). Daha güvenli ürün besleme girişi ve hareket aktarım sistemi tasarımı
gereklidir. Çiftçiler daha güvenli patoz kullanımı ve daha güvenli çalışma için
nasıl giyinmeleri konusunda eğitilmelidir. Ayrıca çocukların patoz çalışma
alanından uzak tutulmaları için önlemler alınmalıdır.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad SA, Iqbal M, Ahmad M, Tanvir A, Sial JK, 2013. Redesigning and Development of Indigenous Beater Wheat Thresher. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 9 (1): 69–98.Arslan A, Keskin M, 2017. Trailer-Attached Two-Wheel Tractor (Patpat) Accidents in Turkey. 2nd Int. Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, 25-27 October 2017, pp. 1488, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.Aytop Y, Cukadar M, Sahin A, 2014. Agricultural Sector Profile of Turkey in the World. Turkish Journal of Agric. and Natural Sciences, Special Issue: 1. 688-694.Berk A, 2013. Processor Driven Integration of Small-Scale Farmers into Value Chains in Turkey. FAO Report, pp. 33.Bulbul H, 2006. Survey on the occupational accidents resulted from using agricultural equipment in Ankara region. MSc Thesis, Ankara University, Turkey, pp. 47.Golbasi M, 2004. Farm Machinery Accidents: Farm Machinery Safety Guide (Tarim Makineleri Kazalari: Tarım Makineleri İş Güvenliği Kılavuzu) (In Turkish). Ankara, Turkey. pp. 57.Görücü Keskin S, Keskin M, Soysal Y, 2012. Assessing Farm Tractor Incidents and Awareness Levels of Operators for Tractor Safety Issues in the Hatay Province of Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 18 (2): 113-128.GTHB 2013. Structural changes and reforms on Turkish agriculture 2003-2013. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (GTHB), pp 53.ILO 2000. Safety and health in agriculture. International Labour Organization (ILO). Published by SafeWork, ILO. June 2000. pp 24.Keskin M, Sekerli YE, Arslan A, 2016. Analysis of On-Road Farm Tractor Accidents in Hatay Province of Turkey from 2000 to 2015. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30: 325-333.Manes GS, Rajdeep S, Khurana R, 2006. Adoption status of safety measures on threshers. Journal of Research, 43 (2): 134-137.NAE 2018. Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on behalf of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). www.greatachievements.org. Access date: 19 January 2018. Nag PK, Nag A, 2004. Drudgery, Accidents and Injuries in Indian Agriculture. Industrial Health, (42): 149–162. Paoli P 1992. First European surveys on the work environment 1991-1992. Report. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. pp 231.Oz E, Cakmak B, 2014. An Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Related Accidents with the Exemption of Tractors for the Last Decade in Turkey. VII Int.Occupational Health and Safety Conference, 5-7 May 2014, Istanbul, Turkey.Saglam C, Cetin N, Kus, Z.A., 2017. Assessment of Tractor and Agricultural Machinery Accidents in Kayseri Province. Gaziosmanpasa Journal of Scientific Research, 6: 20-34.Singh R, Sharma AK, Jain S, Sharma SC, Magu NK, 2005. Wheat thresher agricultural injuries: a by-product of mechanised farming. Asia Pac J Public Health, 17 (1): 36-9.TurkStat 2016. Numbers of agricultural equipment and machinery in Turkey (1998-2016). Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). www.turkstat.gov.tr. Access date: 19 January 2018. Verma SR, Rawal GS, Bhatia BS, 1978. A study of human injuries in wheat threshers. Journal of Agric. Engineering, (15): 19–23.Yildirim C, Altuntas E, 2015. Evaluation the Work Accidents Depending on the Work Safety Happened by Using Tractor and Agricultural Machinery in Tokat Province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 32 (1): 77-90.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 11 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1 |
