SAVAŞ VE GÖRSELLEŞEN SAVAŞ ARASINDAKİ İKİLEM: WPP’NİN ÖDÜLLENDİRDİĞİ SAVAŞ FOTOĞRAFLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Year 2019, , 447 - 469, 15.12.2019

Onur Dursun Filiz Yıldız , Serkan Bulut

https://doi.org/10.17572//mj2019.2.447469

Abstract

Savaş, yerel, ulusal ve küresel düzlemlerde güçlü olumsuz etkileri olan, canlıların temel haklarını ihlal eden ve çoğunlukla da geri dönüşü olmayan felaketlere yol açan bir durumdur. Savaş, etkilerini toplumsal yapının bütün yaşam alanlarında ve kurumlarında hissettiren bir olgudur. Savaş, ölüm, yaralanma, bedensel ve ruhsal etkiler bırakma gibi etkileriyle bilinen ama çoğu kez toplumsal yapı üzerindeki makro ölçekli hasarlarının ihmal edildiği bir çatışma sürecidir. Medya da sunumları ile savaşa ilişkin bu genel bakış açısını, yani ölüm ve yaralanma gibi durumları öne çıkarma ve toplum üzerindeki makro etkileri/sonuçları da ihmal etme eğilimindedir. Bu çalışma, Dünya Basın Fotoğrafı Vakfı (World Press Photo Organisation *WPP+) tarafından çeşitli kategorilerde ödüllendirilen savaş temalı fotoğraflara içerik analizi uygulayarak, savaşların olası etkilerini ve sonuçlarını bu görseller aracılığıyla ne ölçüde temsil ettiğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Analiz, uluslararası alanda savaş anlatısının çoğunlukla Batılı foto-muhabirleri tarafından inşa edildiğini, savaşın coğrafyası olarak ise Batılı olmayan bölgelerin gösterildiği sonucuna varmıştır. Ayrıca foto-muhabirlerinin savaşı görselleştirirken ağırlıklı olarak ölüm, yaralanma ve engellilik, yer değiştirme, açlık ve yoksulluk gibi temalar üzerinden kurduğu; savaş esnasına odaklanarak uzun erimli sonuçları genel olarak ihmal ettikleri; savaşı öznesiz göstererek anlatımı büyük ölçüde dolaylı-sembolik imgeler üzerinden kurdukları sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

foto muhabirliği, Dünya Basın Fotoğrafı Vakfı, savaşın görselleştirilmesi, Batılı bakış, savaş fotoğrafçılığı

DICHOTOMY BETWEEN WAR AND VISUALIZATION OF WAR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE WAR PHOTOS AWARDED BY THE WPP

Abstract

Wars, having negative effects on local, national and global scales, violate the fundamental rights of living beings and, in general, cause irreversible casualties. War is a phenomenon that affects life itself and the entire social structure and institutions. Although death, physical injury, or psychological consequences are well known to war, their macro-level damage to the social structure is often overlooked. The mass media also tend to focus on the obvious consequences of the war while ignoring its structural impact on society. This research applies content analysis to the images of the war theme awarded in various categories by the World Press Photo Organization, towards inquiring to what extent possible impacts and consequences of wars are represented via such images. The study concludes that usually Western photojournalists create war narrative while the geography of conflict depicted is mostly non-Western. It also concluded that the war was visualized by themes such as death, injury and disability, displacement, hunger, and deprivation, that the moments of war are highlighted while its long-term implications are ignored; that war is portrayed without subjects by symbolic images, often indirect; and that war is viewed as a hierarchical field in terms of the perpetrator and the victim.

Keywords

photojournalism, World Press Photo, visualisation of war, Western gaze, war photography

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