PLANLAR, SINIRLAR VE ÜTOPYALAR ARASINDA BIR BOŞ ALAN: TEMPELHOFER FELD

Year 2020, , 88 - 106, 20.06.2020

Dilek Özhan Koçak

https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2020.1.88106

Abstract

Bu makale, önceden bir havaalanı olan Tempelhofer Feld’in büyük boşluğu ile ilgilidir. Berlin’in göbeğinde, tarihsel geçmişinden azade, işlevsiz, atıl ama devasa boyutlarda bir alan olarak duran Tempelhofer Feld’in formel ve enformel aktörler tarafından tartışılan olası geleceği Henri Lefebvre’nin kapitalist toplumlarda mekanın anlamlandırma, tasarlanma ve deneyimlenme konusunda geliştirdiği üçlü şema üzerinden irdelenecektir. Bu üçlü arasındaki diyalektik ilişkiler bu alanı hem yukarıdan hem de aşağıdan üretilen bir ürün yapar. Bu çalışmada bir “boş gösteren” olan Tempelhofer Feld, mekânın kullanım ve değişim değeri ve kent hakkı üzerinden tanımlanacak ve okunacaktır.

Keywords

Tempelhofer Feld, boş alan, mekansal üçlü, mekanın üretimi, boş gösteren

AN "EMPTY" SPACE AMONG PLANS, BORDERS AND UTOPIAS: THE TEMPELHOF FIELD

Abstract

This article is about the huge emptiness of the Tempelhof Field, which was an airport before. In the heart of Berlin, free from its historical past, it remains a dysfunctional, passive but an enormous area. In this article, the potential future of the Tempelhof Field, which is debated by both formal and informal actors, will be discussed in relation to Lefebvre's spatial triad regarding perceived, lived and conceived spaces in capitalist societies. The dialectic relations among these three make the field a product produced from above and below. In this study, the Tempelhof Field will be examined and read as an “empty signifier” through the concepts of use and exchange value of space and as well as the right to the city.

Keywords

Tempelhof Field, empty space, , spatial triad, production of space, empty signifer

References

• Auge, M. (1997). Non-places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. Verso: London, New York.
• Bal, B. (2012, March 12). Düşsel Atlaslar: Constant’ın ‘New Babylon’u ve Calvino’nun ‘Görünmez Kentler’i ile Zaman Ötesi Yolculuklar [Imaginary Atlases: The 'New Babylon' of Constant and Journeys Beyond Time with Calvino's 'Invisible Cities']. skopdergi, 2. Access: 27.11.2019, http://www.e-skop.com/skopdergi.
• Barthes, R. (1993). Göstergebilimsel Serüven [Semiological Adventure]. İstanbul: YKY.
• Baudelaire, C. (2008). The Eyes of the Poor, in, Paris Spleen and La Fanfarlo (Raymond N. MacKenzie, Trans.). Indianapolis: Cambridge.
• Berlin’in tarihi havalimanına veda [Farewell to Berlin's historic airport]. (2008, November 3). Access: 20.11.2019, http://v3.arkitera.com/.
• Bresnihan, P. and M. Byrne. (2015). Escape into the City: Everyday Practices of Commoning and the Production of Urban Space in Dublin. Antipode, 47(1), 36-54.
• Culler, J. (1990). Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions. USA: University of Oklahoma Press.
• De Certeau, M. (2009). Gündelik Hayatın Keşfi (Eylem, Uygulama, Üretim Sanatları) [The Practice of Everyday Life]. Ankara: Dost.
• Deininger, L. and L. Lange. (2014). Grillen ist Kultur. W. Kaschuba & C. Genz (Eds.), in, Tempelhof. Das Feld-Die Stadt als Aktionsraum (p. 45-53). Germany.
• Elden, S. (2007). There is a Politics of Space because Space is Political-Henri Lefebvre and the Production of Space. Radical Philosophy Review, 10 (2), 101-116.
• Foucault, M. (2005). Başka Mekanlara Dair. In Özne ve İktidar [Of Other Spaces. In The Subject and Power] (291-302). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Foucault, M. (2001). Space, Knowledge and Power. J. D. Faubion (Ed.), in, Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984, V. 3 (p. 349-365). England: Penguin.
• Genz, C. (2015). The Wide Field of Participation, An essay on the struggle for citizen participation and the future of the Tempelhof Field. Journal of Urban Life, 8-16.
• Grosz, E. (2001). Architecture from the Outside. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London and England: MIT.
• Guided Tour in the Historical Airport Building (2013, February 7). Access: 27.10.2019, http://www.berlin.de/
• Harvey, D. (2011). Umut Mekanları [Spaces of Hope]. İstanbul: Metis.
• Harvey, D. (29 May 2004). Space as a Key Word. Paper for Marx and Philosophy Conference. Institute of Education, London.
• Harvey. D. (2012, June). An Interview with David Harvey: Practice of Commoning. (Pelin Tan& Ayşe Çavdar, Interviewer). Access: 27.09.2019, http://tanpelin.blogspot.com.tr.
• Hastürk, M. (2014, January 4). Tempelhof uygulamasına Berlinliler ilgisiz kaldı [Berliners did not turn a hair to the applications of Tempelhof]. Sabah. Access: 27.09.2019, http://www. sabah.de.
• Hilbrandt, H. (2016). Insurgent participation: Consensus and contestation in planning the redevelopment of Berlin-Tempelhof airport. Urban Geography. (34:4), 537-556.
• Jordana, S. (2009, November). The Berg: The biggest artificial mountain in the World. Access: 27.09.2019, http://www.archdaily.com/
• Karatani, K. (2010). Metafor Olarak Mimari [Architecture as Metaphor]. İstanbul: Metis.
• Kirsch, S. (1995). The Incredible Shrinking World? Technology and The Production of Space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. (13), 529-555.
• Laclau, E. (2007). Emancipation (s). Verso: London, New York.
• Lefebvre, H. (2014). Mekanın Üretimi [The Production of Space]. İstanbul: Sel.
• Lefebvre, H. (1973). Escape et Politique. Paris: Anthropos.
• Make City. (2015). Tempelhofer Feld, Activating the void. Access: 27.08.2019, http://makecity.berlin/
• Marin, L. (1977). Disneyland: A Degenerate Utopia. Glyph: John Hopkins Textual Studies. (1), 50-66.
• Massey, D. (2005). For Space. London, CA, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
• Manovich, L. (2006). The Poetics of Augmented Space. Visual Communication. (5:2), 219- 240.
• Merrifield, A. (2000). The Dialectics of dystopia: disorder and zero tolerance in the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. (24), 473-489.
• Norberg-Schulz, C. (1979). Genius Loci-Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. Rizzoli: New York.
• Pavlov, R. W. (2009). Space in Theory, Kristeva, Foucault, Deleuze, Spatial Practices. Rodopi: Amsterdam, New York.
• Queneau, R. (2006). Cent Mille Millards de Poemes (A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems). Gallimard.
• Roskamm, N. (2014). 4.000.000 m2 of Public Space. The Berlin ‘Tempelhofer Feld’ and a Short Walk with Lefebvre and Laclau. Degros, Aglaee; Knierbein, Sabine und
• Madanipour, Ali (Ed.), in, Public Space and The Challenges of Urban Transformation in Europe (116-138). London/New York: Routledge.
• Ross, K. (1988). The Emerge of Social Space: Rimbaud and the Paris Commune. Houndmills: Macmillan.
• Sanda, H. (2019). Who’s the Master of the Plan? Exploring the Tempelhof Field as a Space of Non-Dwelling Moralizations. Moser, Johannes and Egger, Simone (eds.), in The Vulnerable Middle Class? Strategies of Housing in Prospering Cities (121-145). Germany: Institut für Empirische Kulturwissenschaft und Europaische Ethnologie.
• Tempelhof, Former Airport, Berlin, Access: 17.06.2019, http://www.darktourism.com/index.php/turkey/15-countries/individual-chapters/381-tempelhof-former-airport-berlin.
• The Berg. Access: 17.06.2019, http://www.the-berg.de/bilder/Manifesto/manifest2.pdf
• Tours through the airport building. Access: 17.06.2019, http://www.thfberlin.de/en/visit/tours/building-tours/
• Touring Tempelhof-Europe’s largest historical monument. (2013, April 3). Access: 17.06.2019, http://www.oh-berlin.com/en/oh-berlin/5558/tourist-guide/tour/tempelhof-airport/
• Tuan Yi-Fu. (2001). Space and Place-The Perspective of Experience. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, London.
• Urry, J. (2002). The Tourist Gaze. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage Publication.
• Wheatley, K. (2014). Visual Regimes and Virtual Becomings: The Production of (Augmented) Space in the “New Berlin” (Unpublished master dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington.
• 10 Secret Tourist Attractions in Berlin-Tempelhof Airport. Access: 17.06.2019, http://www.smartertravel.com/photo-galleries/editorial/10-secret-tourist-attractions-in-berlin.html?id=440&photo=47777.