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Augustus’un Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası

Year 2019, Issue: 20, 237 - 255, 01.11.2019

Abstract

Roma idaresinin eyaletlerde yapı inşasına yönelik eylemleri ve kendi bütçesinin veya eyaletlerden elde ettiği gelirlerin bir kısmını kentlerin gelişimi için ayırması, Roma’nın Anadolu’daki eyalet kentlerine bakış açısının anlaşılmasını sağlayan önemli etmenlerdir. İhtiyaç durumunda dahi kentlere yardımda bulunma ve kentlerde yapı inşa etme hususunda oldukça isteksiz davranan Roma’nın kentlere yönelik bu tutumunu Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde ayrı, Principatus Dönemi’nde ayrı bir şekilde değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Zira Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Roma idaresi çok nadir bir şekilde ve çoğunlukla mağduriyet nedeniyle kentlere katkıda veya yardımda bulunmuştur. Her ne kadar yapı inşasına yönelik katkılarının sayısı ve mali yardımların miktarı yine de oldukça az olsa da MÖ 27 yılında başlayan Principatus Dönemi’nde bu hususta çok daha farklı bir anlayış benimsenmiştir. Bu dönemde Roma’nın bakışını farklı bir noktaya getiren ve bu konuda sonraki dönemlerde izlenecek olan politikayı şekillendiren kişi Augustus olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Augustus’un Anadolu’da yapı inşasına yönelik nasıl bir değişim başlattığı, ne tür yapılar inşa ettirdiği, yardımlarının hangi kentlerde ve ne türde olduğuna yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.

References

  • Akdoğu-Arca, E. N. (2008). Küçük Asya’nın Sınır Yazıtları (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Akdoğu-Arca, E. N. (2017). Nysa ad Maeandrum Kenti Plouton-Kore Tapınağı'na Ait Hakların Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi. Cedrus 5, ss. 185-198.
  • Alföldy, G. (1991). Epigraphische Notizen aus Kleinasien I. Ein Beneficium des Augustus in Ephesos. Zeitschriftfür Papyrologie und Epigraphik 87, ss. 157-162.
  • Alföldy, G. (1996). Spain. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 449-464.
  • Barnes, T. D. (1974). The Victories of Augustus. The Journal of Roman Studies 64, ss. 21-26.
  • Bean, G. E. (1973). New inscriptions. J. M. Cook (Ed.), The Troad: An Archaeological and Topographical Study içinde (ss. 395-418).Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blümel, W. (1998). Epigraphische Forschungen im Westen Kariens 1997. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 16/1, ss. 403-407.
  • Boatwright, M. T. (2003). Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Bowersock, G. (1988). The Cities of the Greek World under Augustus. J. Edmondson (Ed.), Augustus içinde (ss. 468-483). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Broughton, Th. R. S. (1935). Some Non-Colonial Coloni of Augustus. Transaction of the American Philosophical Society 66, ss. 18-24.
  • Brunt, P. A. (1974). Fabricius Tuscus and an Augustan dilectus. ZPE 13, ss. 161-85.
  • Brunt, P. A. (2001). Roman Imperial Themes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Burrell, B. (2004). Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors. Leiden: Brill.
  • Burton, G. H. (2004). The Roman Imperial State, Provincial Governors and the Public Finances of Provincial Cities, 27 B. C. – A. D. 235. Historia 53, ss. 311-342.
  • Contoléon, A. E. (1886). Epigraphai Klarou, Phokaias, Tralleon, Nysis, Thyateiron. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 10, ss. 514-521.
  • Diehl. Ch. – Cousin, G. (1885). Sénatus-Consulte de Lagina. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 9, ss. 437-474.
  • Diehl. Ch. – Cousin, G. (1887). Inscriptions de Lagina. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 11, ss. 145-163.
  • Dignas, B. (2002). Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Drexhage, H. W. (2007). Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaft in der römischen Provinz Asia in der Zeit von Augustus bis zum Regierungsantritt Diokletians. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt Gmbh.
  • Engelmann, H. (1993). Zum Kaiserkult in Ephesos. ZPE 97, ss. 279-289.
  • Fagan, G. G. (2002). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
  • Graham, A. S. (2013). The Word is Not Enough: A NewApproach to Assessing Monumental Inscriptions. A case study from Roman Ephesos. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3), ss. 383-412.
  • Habicht, Ch. (1975). New Evidence on the Province of Asia. The Journal of Roman Studies 65, ss. 64-91.
  • Halfmann, H. (2001). Städtebau und Bauherren im römischen Kleinasien: Ein Vergleich zwischen Pergamon und Ephesos. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.
  • Harland, P. A. (2014). Greco-Roman Associations: Texts, Translations and Commentary II. North Coast of the Black Sea, Asia Minor. Berlin: de Gruyter.
  • Harrison, S. (2016). The Epic and the Monuments: Interactions between Virgil’s Aeneid and the Augustan Building Programme. M. J. Clarke, B. G. F. Currie, R. O. A. M. Lyne (Eds.), Epic Interactions içinde (ss. 159-185). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Horster, M. (1997). Literarische Zeugnisse kaiserlicher Bautaetigkeit: Eine Studie zu Baumassnahmen in Staedten des Römischen Reiches waehrend des Prinzipats. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner.
  • İçten, C., Engelmann, H. (1998). Inschriften aus Ephesos und Kolophon. ZPE 120, ss. 83-91.
  • Jobst, W. (1980). Zur Lokalisierung des Sebasteion-Augusteum in Ephesos. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 30, ss. 241-60.
  • Jones, A. H. M. (1998). The Greek City From Alexander to Justinian. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jones, C. P. (2011). An Inscription Seen by Agathias. ZPE 179, ss. 107-115.
  • Jones, C. P. (2015). The Earthquake of 26 BCE in Decrees of Mytilene and Chios. Chiron 45, ss. 101-122.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Görkay, K. (2007).Yeni arkeolojik araştırmalar ışığında μητρόπολις τῆς Γαλατίας: Ankyra. Anadolu/Anatolia 32, ss. 21-148.
  • Kienast, D. (1999). Augustus, Prinzeps und Monarch.Darmstadt: Primus Verlag Gmbh.
  • Kirbihler, F., Zabrana, L. (2014). Archäologische, epigraphische und numismatische Zeugnisse für den Kaiserkult im Artemision von Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 83, ss. 101-131.
  • Knibbe et al. (1979). D. Knibbe – R. Meriç – R. Merkelbach, Der Grundbesitz der ephesischen Artemis im Kaystrostal. ZPE 33, ss. 139-147.
  • Knibbe et al (1993). D. Knibbe – H. Engelmann – B. İplikçioğlu, Neue Inschriften aus Ephesos XII. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts 62, ss. 113-150.
  • Levick, B. M. (1967). Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Levick, B. M. (1971). The beginning of Tiberius’ career. Classical Quarterly 21, ss. 478-86.
  • Levick, B. M. (1996).Greece (including Crete and Cyprus) and Asia Minor. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 641-676.
  • Levick, B. M. (2005). Tiberius the Politician. London: Routledge.
  • MacMullen, R. (1959). Roman Imperial Building in the Provinces. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 64, ss. 207-236.
  • Magie, D. (1950). Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the End of the Third Century After Christ. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Millar, F. (2002). Rome, the Greek World and the East, vol. 1: The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution. London: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Miltner, F. (1960). XXIV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts 45, ss. 3-72.
  • Mitchell, S. (1979). Iconium and Ninica: Two Double Communities in Roman Asia Minor. Historia 28/4, ss. 409-438.
  • Mitchell, S. (1987). Imperial Building in the Eastern Roman Provinces. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 91, ss. 333-365.
  • Mitchell, S. (1993). Anatolia I: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Mitchell, S. (1998). Geographical and Historical Introduction. S. Mitchell-M. Waelkens (Eds.), Pisidian Antioch: The Site and its Monuments içinde (ss. 1-18). London: Classical Press of Wales.
  • Nock, A. D. (1930). Σύνναος Θεός. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 41, ss. 1-62.
  • Nock, A. D. (1972). Essays on Religion and the Ancient World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Oktan, M. (2011). Roma’nın Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Oktan, M. (2018). Roma’nın Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası. History Studies 10(2), ss. 113-127.
  • Oliver, J. H. (1963). The Main Problem of the Augustus Inscription from Cyme. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 4, ss. 115-22.
  • Orth, W. (1978). Zur Fabricius-Tuscus-Inschrift aus Alexandreia/Troas. ZPE 28, ss. 57-60.
  • Owens, E. J. (1991). The City in the Greek and Roman World. London: Routledge.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1958). The Greek Inscriptions in the 'Rijksmuseum von Oudheden' at Lyden. Leiden.
  • Price, S. R. F. (1985). Rituals and power: the Roman imperial cult in Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Reynolds, J. (1982). Aphrodisias and Rome. London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rigsby, K. J. (1996). Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Rose, Ch. B. (2003). The Temple of Athena at Ilion. Studia Troica 13, ss. 27-88.
  • Roussel, P. (1934). Un Syrien au service de Rome et d’Octave. Syria 15(1), ss. 33-74.
  • Rowan, C. (2019). From Caesar to Augustus (c. 49 BC-AD 14): Using Coins as Sources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rowe, G. (2006). The Emergence of the Monarchy: 44 BCE- 96 CE. D. S. Potter (Ed.) A Companion to the Roman Empire içinde (ss. 115-125). Wiley: Blackwell.
  • Sayar, M. H. (2006). Historical Development of Urbanization in Cilicia in Hellenistic and Roman Periods. G. Urso (Ed.), Tra oriente e occidente: Indigeni, Greci e Romani in Asia Minore. Atti del convegno internazionale Cividale delö friuli, 28 - 30 settembre 2006 içinde (ss. 247-257). Pise.
  • Schäfer, T. (1998). Spolia et signa: Baupolitik und Reichskultur nach dem Parthererfolg des Augustus. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Scherrer, P. (2001). The historical topography of Ephesos. D. Parrish (Ed.), Urbanism in Western Asia Minor: New Studies on Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Hierapolis, Pergamon, Perge and Xanthos,içinde (ss. 57-97). Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1969). Roman Documents from the Greek East: Senatus Consulta and Epistulae to the Age of Augustus. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1984). Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1991). The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities III. ZPE 88, ss. 225–260.
  • Southern, P. (1999). Augustus. London: Routledge.
  • Syme, R. (1986). The Augustan Aristocrasy. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
  • Syme, R. (1995). Anatolica: Studies in Strabo. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Şahin, S. (2007). Die Bauinschrift auf dem Druckrohraquädukt von Delikkemer bei Patara. Ch. Schuler (Ed.), Griechische Epigraphik in Lykien: Eine Zwischenbilanz içinde (ss. 99-110). Wien: VÖAW.
  • Takmer, B., Oktan, M. (2013). Parerga zum Stadiasmus Patarensis (11): Die lykische Stadt Neisa. Gephyra 10, ss. 50-93.
  • Takmer, B., Kaşka, G. (2018). Fahri Duumviratus: Colonia Caesarea Antiochensis Örneği. M. Arslan – F. Baz (Eds.), Arkeoloji, Tarih ve Epigrafi’nin Arasında: Prof. Dr. A. Vedat Çelgin’in 68. Doğum Günü Onuruna Makaleler. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Thornton, M. K., Thornton, R. L. (1986). Julio-Claudian Building Programs: A Quantitative Study in Political Management. Wauconda: Bolchazy Carducci Pub.
  • Thornton, M. K. (1986). Julio-Claudian Building Programs: Eat, Drink, and Be Merry. Historia 35(1), ss. 28-44.
  • Tül, Ş., Aydaş, M. (2011). Mesogis Üstündeki Larisa – Derira – Siderus. Ege Defterleri 2, ss. 3-19.
  • Vermeule, C. C. (1968). Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
  • Wilson, R. J. A. (1996). Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 434-449.
  • Winter, E. (1996). Staatliche Baupolitik und Baufürsorge in den römischen Provinzen des kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasien. Bonn.
Year 2019, Issue: 20, 237 - 255, 01.11.2019

Abstract

References

  • Akdoğu-Arca, E. N. (2008). Küçük Asya’nın Sınır Yazıtları (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Akdoğu-Arca, E. N. (2017). Nysa ad Maeandrum Kenti Plouton-Kore Tapınağı'na Ait Hakların Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi. Cedrus 5, ss. 185-198.
  • Alföldy, G. (1991). Epigraphische Notizen aus Kleinasien I. Ein Beneficium des Augustus in Ephesos. Zeitschriftfür Papyrologie und Epigraphik 87, ss. 157-162.
  • Alföldy, G. (1996). Spain. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 449-464.
  • Barnes, T. D. (1974). The Victories of Augustus. The Journal of Roman Studies 64, ss. 21-26.
  • Bean, G. E. (1973). New inscriptions. J. M. Cook (Ed.), The Troad: An Archaeological and Topographical Study içinde (ss. 395-418).Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blümel, W. (1998). Epigraphische Forschungen im Westen Kariens 1997. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 16/1, ss. 403-407.
  • Boatwright, M. T. (2003). Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Bowersock, G. (1988). The Cities of the Greek World under Augustus. J. Edmondson (Ed.), Augustus içinde (ss. 468-483). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Broughton, Th. R. S. (1935). Some Non-Colonial Coloni of Augustus. Transaction of the American Philosophical Society 66, ss. 18-24.
  • Brunt, P. A. (1974). Fabricius Tuscus and an Augustan dilectus. ZPE 13, ss. 161-85.
  • Brunt, P. A. (2001). Roman Imperial Themes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Burrell, B. (2004). Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors. Leiden: Brill.
  • Burton, G. H. (2004). The Roman Imperial State, Provincial Governors and the Public Finances of Provincial Cities, 27 B. C. – A. D. 235. Historia 53, ss. 311-342.
  • Contoléon, A. E. (1886). Epigraphai Klarou, Phokaias, Tralleon, Nysis, Thyateiron. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 10, ss. 514-521.
  • Diehl. Ch. – Cousin, G. (1885). Sénatus-Consulte de Lagina. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 9, ss. 437-474.
  • Diehl. Ch. – Cousin, G. (1887). Inscriptions de Lagina. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 11, ss. 145-163.
  • Dignas, B. (2002). Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Drexhage, H. W. (2007). Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaft in der römischen Provinz Asia in der Zeit von Augustus bis zum Regierungsantritt Diokletians. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt Gmbh.
  • Engelmann, H. (1993). Zum Kaiserkult in Ephesos. ZPE 97, ss. 279-289.
  • Fagan, G. G. (2002). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
  • Graham, A. S. (2013). The Word is Not Enough: A NewApproach to Assessing Monumental Inscriptions. A case study from Roman Ephesos. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3), ss. 383-412.
  • Habicht, Ch. (1975). New Evidence on the Province of Asia. The Journal of Roman Studies 65, ss. 64-91.
  • Halfmann, H. (2001). Städtebau und Bauherren im römischen Kleinasien: Ein Vergleich zwischen Pergamon und Ephesos. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.
  • Harland, P. A. (2014). Greco-Roman Associations: Texts, Translations and Commentary II. North Coast of the Black Sea, Asia Minor. Berlin: de Gruyter.
  • Harrison, S. (2016). The Epic and the Monuments: Interactions between Virgil’s Aeneid and the Augustan Building Programme. M. J. Clarke, B. G. F. Currie, R. O. A. M. Lyne (Eds.), Epic Interactions içinde (ss. 159-185). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Horster, M. (1997). Literarische Zeugnisse kaiserlicher Bautaetigkeit: Eine Studie zu Baumassnahmen in Staedten des Römischen Reiches waehrend des Prinzipats. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner.
  • İçten, C., Engelmann, H. (1998). Inschriften aus Ephesos und Kolophon. ZPE 120, ss. 83-91.
  • Jobst, W. (1980). Zur Lokalisierung des Sebasteion-Augusteum in Ephesos. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 30, ss. 241-60.
  • Jones, A. H. M. (1998). The Greek City From Alexander to Justinian. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jones, C. P. (2011). An Inscription Seen by Agathias. ZPE 179, ss. 107-115.
  • Jones, C. P. (2015). The Earthquake of 26 BCE in Decrees of Mytilene and Chios. Chiron 45, ss. 101-122.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Görkay, K. (2007).Yeni arkeolojik araştırmalar ışığında μητρόπολις τῆς Γαλατίας: Ankyra. Anadolu/Anatolia 32, ss. 21-148.
  • Kienast, D. (1999). Augustus, Prinzeps und Monarch.Darmstadt: Primus Verlag Gmbh.
  • Kirbihler, F., Zabrana, L. (2014). Archäologische, epigraphische und numismatische Zeugnisse für den Kaiserkult im Artemision von Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 83, ss. 101-131.
  • Knibbe et al. (1979). D. Knibbe – R. Meriç – R. Merkelbach, Der Grundbesitz der ephesischen Artemis im Kaystrostal. ZPE 33, ss. 139-147.
  • Knibbe et al (1993). D. Knibbe – H. Engelmann – B. İplikçioğlu, Neue Inschriften aus Ephesos XII. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts 62, ss. 113-150.
  • Levick, B. M. (1967). Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Levick, B. M. (1971). The beginning of Tiberius’ career. Classical Quarterly 21, ss. 478-86.
  • Levick, B. M. (1996).Greece (including Crete and Cyprus) and Asia Minor. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 641-676.
  • Levick, B. M. (2005). Tiberius the Politician. London: Routledge.
  • MacMullen, R. (1959). Roman Imperial Building in the Provinces. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 64, ss. 207-236.
  • Magie, D. (1950). Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the End of the Third Century After Christ. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Millar, F. (2002). Rome, the Greek World and the East, vol. 1: The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution. London: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Miltner, F. (1960). XXIV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts 45, ss. 3-72.
  • Mitchell, S. (1979). Iconium and Ninica: Two Double Communities in Roman Asia Minor. Historia 28/4, ss. 409-438.
  • Mitchell, S. (1987). Imperial Building in the Eastern Roman Provinces. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 91, ss. 333-365.
  • Mitchell, S. (1993). Anatolia I: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Mitchell, S. (1998). Geographical and Historical Introduction. S. Mitchell-M. Waelkens (Eds.), Pisidian Antioch: The Site and its Monuments içinde (ss. 1-18). London: Classical Press of Wales.
  • Nock, A. D. (1930). Σύνναος Θεός. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 41, ss. 1-62.
  • Nock, A. D. (1972). Essays on Religion and the Ancient World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Oktan, M. (2011). Roma’nın Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Oktan, M. (2018). Roma’nın Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası. History Studies 10(2), ss. 113-127.
  • Oliver, J. H. (1963). The Main Problem of the Augustus Inscription from Cyme. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 4, ss. 115-22.
  • Orth, W. (1978). Zur Fabricius-Tuscus-Inschrift aus Alexandreia/Troas. ZPE 28, ss. 57-60.
  • Owens, E. J. (1991). The City in the Greek and Roman World. London: Routledge.
  • Pleket, H. W. (1958). The Greek Inscriptions in the 'Rijksmuseum von Oudheden' at Lyden. Leiden.
  • Price, S. R. F. (1985). Rituals and power: the Roman imperial cult in Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Reynolds, J. (1982). Aphrodisias and Rome. London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rigsby, K. J. (1996). Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Rose, Ch. B. (2003). The Temple of Athena at Ilion. Studia Troica 13, ss. 27-88.
  • Roussel, P. (1934). Un Syrien au service de Rome et d’Octave. Syria 15(1), ss. 33-74.
  • Rowan, C. (2019). From Caesar to Augustus (c. 49 BC-AD 14): Using Coins as Sources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rowe, G. (2006). The Emergence of the Monarchy: 44 BCE- 96 CE. D. S. Potter (Ed.) A Companion to the Roman Empire içinde (ss. 115-125). Wiley: Blackwell.
  • Sayar, M. H. (2006). Historical Development of Urbanization in Cilicia in Hellenistic and Roman Periods. G. Urso (Ed.), Tra oriente e occidente: Indigeni, Greci e Romani in Asia Minore. Atti del convegno internazionale Cividale delö friuli, 28 - 30 settembre 2006 içinde (ss. 247-257). Pise.
  • Schäfer, T. (1998). Spolia et signa: Baupolitik und Reichskultur nach dem Parthererfolg des Augustus. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Scherrer, P. (2001). The historical topography of Ephesos. D. Parrish (Ed.), Urbanism in Western Asia Minor: New Studies on Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Hierapolis, Pergamon, Perge and Xanthos,içinde (ss. 57-97). Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1969). Roman Documents from the Greek East: Senatus Consulta and Epistulae to the Age of Augustus. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1984). Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sherk, R. K. (1991). The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities III. ZPE 88, ss. 225–260.
  • Southern, P. (1999). Augustus. London: Routledge.
  • Syme, R. (1986). The Augustan Aristocrasy. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
  • Syme, R. (1995). Anatolica: Studies in Strabo. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Şahin, S. (2007). Die Bauinschrift auf dem Druckrohraquädukt von Delikkemer bei Patara. Ch. Schuler (Ed.), Griechische Epigraphik in Lykien: Eine Zwischenbilanz içinde (ss. 99-110). Wien: VÖAW.
  • Takmer, B., Oktan, M. (2013). Parerga zum Stadiasmus Patarensis (11): Die lykische Stadt Neisa. Gephyra 10, ss. 50-93.
  • Takmer, B., Kaşka, G. (2018). Fahri Duumviratus: Colonia Caesarea Antiochensis Örneği. M. Arslan – F. Baz (Eds.), Arkeoloji, Tarih ve Epigrafi’nin Arasında: Prof. Dr. A. Vedat Çelgin’in 68. Doğum Günü Onuruna Makaleler. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Thornton, M. K., Thornton, R. L. (1986). Julio-Claudian Building Programs: A Quantitative Study in Political Management. Wauconda: Bolchazy Carducci Pub.
  • Thornton, M. K. (1986). Julio-Claudian Building Programs: Eat, Drink, and Be Merry. Historia 35(1), ss. 28-44.
  • Tül, Ş., Aydaş, M. (2011). Mesogis Üstündeki Larisa – Derira – Siderus. Ege Defterleri 2, ss. 3-19.
  • Vermeule, C. C. (1968). Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
  • Wilson, R. J. A. (1996). Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The Cambridge Ancient History X, ss. 434-449.
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There are 82 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Oktan 0000-0003-2968-8497

Early Pub Date April 18, 2022
Publication Date November 1, 2019
Submission Date June 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Oktan, Y. D. D. M. (2019). Augustus’un Anadolu’daki Yapı Politikası. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler, 3(20), 237-255.