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Otoimmün bülloz hastalıklarda güncel diş hekimliği yaklaşımları

Year 2022, , 33 - 41, 30.09.2022

Bilge Cansu Uzun Saylan

https://doi.org/10.33204/mucosa.1179855

Abstract

Otoimmün bulloz hastalıklardan olan Pemfigus vulgaris, paraneoplastik pemfigus ve mukoz membran
pemfigoidinin ilk klinik bulguları sıklıkla oral kavitede görülmektedir. Diş hekimi tarafından başlangıç
lezyonlarının sorgulanması bu hastalıkların erken tanısı için çok önemlidir. Oral bölgedeki lezyonların erken
teşhisi, erken tedavi imkanını sağlayarak mortaliteyi düşürür. Lezyonlar sebebiyle bozulan ağız hijyeni oral
kavitedeki bakteriyel yükü de arttırmaktadır. Güncel periodontal yaklaşımlarla enfeksiyonların ilerlemesi kontrol altına alınarak, hastalığın prognozu iyileştirilebilir.

Keywords

pemfigus mukoz membran pemfigoid paraneoplastik pemfigus ağız sağlığı

References

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  • Rashid H, Lamberts A, Diercks GFH, et al. Oral lesions in autoimmune bullous diseases: an overview of clinical characteristics and diagnostic algorithm. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019;20:847-61.
  • Suresh L, Neiders ME. Definitive and differential diagnosis of desquamative gingivitis through direct immunofluorescence studies. J Periodontol 2012;83:1270-8.
  • Schmidt E, Kasperkiewicz M, Joly P. Pemphigus. Lancet 2019;394:882-94.
  • Kasperkiewicz M, Ellebrecht CT, Takahashi H, et al. Pemphigus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017;3:17026.
  • Santoro FA, Stoopler ET, Werth VP. Pemphigus. Dent Clin North Am 2013;57:597-610.
  • Alpsoy E, Akman Karakas A, Uzun S. Geographic variations in epidemiology of two autoimmune bullous diseases: pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol Res 2015;307:291-8.
  • Yayli S, Harman M, Baskan EB, Karakas AA, Genc Y, Turk BG, et al. Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: one-year prospective study of 220 Cases. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2017;25:181-8.
  • Ucmak D. Pemfigus. J Clin Exp Invest 2011;2: 468-473.
  • Greenberg MS. Ulcerative, vesicular and bullous lesions. In: Lynch MA, Brightman VJ, Greenberg MS (eds). Burket’s Oral Medicine, 9th ed. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott,1994:11-50.
  • Scully C, Mignogna M. Oral mucosal disease: pemphigus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46:272-7.
  • Ibsen OAC and Phelan JA. Oral Pathology for Dental Hygienist, Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd, 5th ed. 2009.
  • Williams DM. Vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disease: pemphigus vulgaris. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 1989;18:544-55.
  • Bascones-Martinez A, Garcia-Garcia V, Meurman JH, Requena-Caballero L. Immune-mediated diseases: what can be found in the oral cavity? Int J Dermatol 2015;54:258-70.
  • Sanders, WJ A brief review of pemphigus vulgaris. Biomed Dermatol. 2017;1,7.
  • Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E. Clinical features of gingival pemphigus vulgaris. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:489-93.
  • Robinson JC, Lozada-Nur F, Frieden I. Oral pemphigus vulgaris: a review of the literature and a report on the management of 12 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:349-55.
  • Mustafa MB, Porter SR, Smoller BR, Sitaru C. Oral mucosal manifestations of autoimmune skin diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2015;14:930-51.
  • Ruocco V, Ruocco E, Lo Schiavo A, BrunettiG, Guerrera LP, Wolf R. Pemphigus: etiology, pathogenesis, and inducing or triggering factors: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2013;31:374-81.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 4th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016. p. 708-44.
  • Shamim T, Varghese VI, Shameena PM, Sudha S. Pemphigus vulgaris in oral cavity: clinical analysis of 71 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:622-6.
  • Henry JB. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 20th Edition, Saunders Publication, Philadelphia, 2001.
  • Joly P, Horvath B, Patsatsi A, et al. Updated S2K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34:1900-13.
  • Davenport S, Chen SY, Miller AS. Pemphigus vulgaris: clinicopathologic review of 33 cases in the oral cavity. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2001;21:85-90.
  • Bickle K, Roark TR, Hsu S. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses: a review. Am Fam Physician 2002;65:1861-70.
  • Ruocco E, Baroni A, Wolf R, Ruocco V. Life-threatening bullous dermatoses: Pemphigus vulgaris. Clin Dermatol 2005;23:223-6.
  • Weinberg MA, Insler MS, Campen RB. Mucocutaneous features of autoimmune blistering diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:517-34.
  • Ruocco E, Aurilia A, Ruocco V. Precautions and suggestions for pemphigus patients. Dermatology 2001;203:201-7.
  • Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S. Oral pemphigus. Minerva Stomatol 2009;58:501-18.
  • Femiano F, Gombos F, Nunziata M, Esposito V, Scully C. Pemphigus mimicking aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2005;34:508-10.
  • Anhalt GJ, Kim SC, Stanley JR, et al. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1729-35.
  • Mutasim DF. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Drugs Aging 2003;20:663-81.
  • Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2004;9:29-33.
  • Horn TD, Anhalt GJ. Histologic features of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:1091-5.
  • Mutasim DF. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Drugs Aging 2010;27:1-19.
  • Turk BG, Iskandarli M, Yaman B, Kayas Y, Unal I. Paraneoplastic Pemphigus. Turk J Dermatol 2015;9:198-201.
  • Joly P, Richard C, Gilbert D, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical, histologic, and immunologic features in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:619-26.
  • Choi Y, Nam KH, Lee JB, et al. Retrospective analysis of 12 Korean patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Dermatol 2012;39:973-81.
  • Bialy-Golan A, Brenner S, Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus: oral involvement as the sole manifestation. Acta Derm Venereol 1996;76:253-4.
  • Wade MS, Black MM. Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a brief update. Australas J Dermatol 2005;46:1-8.
  • Kucukoglu R. Autoimmune bullous diseases and paraneoplasia. Turkderm-Turk Arch Dermatol Venereol 2013;47:78-81.
  • Schmidt E, Zillikens D. Pemphigoid diseases. Lancet 2013;381:320-32.
  • Bernard BBL. Pemphigoid group. In Bolognia JL, JV Schaffer L Cerroni, eds. Dermatology, 4th Ed. Elsevier Limited 2018:510-26.
  • Chan LS, Ahmed AR, Anhalt GJ, et al. The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid: definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenic factors, medical treatment, and prognostic indicators. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:370-9.
  • Marx RE, Stern D. Immune-based diseases. In: editor Bywaters LC. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. A rationale for diagnosis and treatment. 2nd Ed. 2003, p.148-53.
  • Leao JC, Ingafou M, Khan A, Scully C, Porter S. Desquamative gingivitis: retrospective analysis of disease associations of a large cohort. Oral Dis 2008;14:556-60.
  • Bagan J, Lo Muzio L, Scully C. Mucosal disease series. Number III. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral Dis 2005;11:197-218.
  • Neville B, Damm D, Bouquot J. Dermatologic diseases. In: oral and maxillofacial pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders 2002;559-67.
  • Kharfi M, Khaled A, Anane R, et al. Early onset childhood cicatricial pemphigoid: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:119-24.
  • Demathe A, Arede LT, Miyahara GI. Mucous membrane pemphigoid in HIV patient: a case report. Cases J 2008;1:345.
  • Sollecito TP, Parisi E. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Dent Clin N Am 2005;49:91-106.
  • Bruch-Gerharz D, Hertl M, Ruzicka T. Mucous membrane pemphigoid: clinical aspects, immunopathological features and therapy. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17:191-200.
  • Villa A, Treister N, Woo S-B, Saavedra A, Sultan A. Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris-a retrospective two-center cohort study. Oral Dis 2017;23 498-504.
  • Carey B, Joshi S, Abdelghani A, Mee J, Andiappan M, Setterfield J. The optimal oral biopsy site for diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2020;182:747-53.
  • van Beek N, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018;16:1077-91.
  • Jascholt I, Lai O, Zillikens D, Kasperkiewicz M. Periodontitis in oral pemphigus and pemphigoid: a systematic review of published studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017;76:975-8.
  • Arduino PG, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, et al. Describing the gingival involvement in a sample of 182 Italian predominantly oral mucous membrane pemphigoid patients: A retrospective series. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017;22:149-52.
  • Carey B, Setterfield J. Mucous membrane pemphigoid and oral blistering diseases. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019;44:732-9.
  • Bagan J, Jimenez Y, Murillo J, Bagan L. Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: A clinical study of 100 low-risk cases. Oral Dis 2018;24:132-4.
  • Vijayan V, Paul A, Babu K, Madhan B. Desquamative gingivitis as only presenting sign of mucous membrane pemphigoid. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016;20:340-3.
  • Gagari E, Damoulis PD. Desquamative gingivitis as a manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous disease. JDDG. 2011;9:184-7.
  • Bernard P, Antonicelli F. Bullous pemphigoid: a review of its diagnosis, associations and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017;18:513-28.
  • Tanyeri H. Oral Mukozanın İmmünolojik Hastalıkları ve Tedavileri. İstanbul: Nobel,2000; s. 69-75.
  • Field A, Longman L, Tyldesley. Tyldesley’s Oral Medicine, ed 5. New York: Oxford, 2003; p.125-39.
  • Mumcu G, Ergun T, Inanc N, et al. Oral health is impaired in Behçet’s disease and is associated with disease severity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:1028-33.
  • Kurgan S, Altingoz SM, Balci N, Gunhan M. Pemfigus Vulgaris ile ilişkili deskuamatif gingivitisli hastalarda periodontal tedavinin hastalığın şiddeti üzerine etkisi (Olgu Serisi). SÜ Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;21:138-44.
  • Thorat MS, Raju A, Pradeep AR. Pemphigus vulgaris: effects on periodontal health. J Oral Sci. 2010;52:449-54.
  • Arduino PG, Lopetuso E, Carcieri P, e al. Professional oral hygiene treatment and detailed oral hygiene instructions in patients affected by mucous membrane pemphigoid with specific gingival localization: a pilot study in 12 patients. Int J Dent Hyg 2012;10:138-41.
  • Arduino PG, Farci V, D’Aiuto F, et al. Periodontal status in oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: initial results of a case-control study. Oral Dis 2011;17:90-4.
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Current dental approaches in autoimmune bullous diseases

Year 2022, , 33 - 41, 30.09.2022

Bilge Cansu Uzun Saylan

https://doi.org/10.33204/mucosa.1179855

Abstract

The first clinical findings of pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid, which are autoimmune bullous diseases, are usually seen in the oral cavity. Questioning the initial lesions by the dentist is very important for the early diagnosis of these diseases. Early diagnosis of lesions in the oral region reduces mortality by providing early treatment. Poor oral hygiene due to lesions also increases the bacterial load in the oral cavity. The prognosis of the disease can be improved by controlling the progression of infections with current periodontal approaches.

Keywords

pemphigus mucous membrane pemphigoid oral health paraneoplastic pemphigus

References

  • Garcia-Pola MJ, Rodriguez-Lopez S, Fernanz-Vigil A, Bagan L, Garcia-Martin JM. Oral hygiene instructions and professional control as part of the treatment of desquamative gingivitis. Systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019;24:136-144.
  • Rashid H, Lamberts A, Diercks GFH, et al. Oral lesions in autoimmune bullous diseases: an overview of clinical characteristics and diagnostic algorithm. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019;20:847-61.
  • Suresh L, Neiders ME. Definitive and differential diagnosis of desquamative gingivitis through direct immunofluorescence studies. J Periodontol 2012;83:1270-8.
  • Schmidt E, Kasperkiewicz M, Joly P. Pemphigus. Lancet 2019;394:882-94.
  • Kasperkiewicz M, Ellebrecht CT, Takahashi H, et al. Pemphigus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017;3:17026.
  • Santoro FA, Stoopler ET, Werth VP. Pemphigus. Dent Clin North Am 2013;57:597-610.
  • Alpsoy E, Akman Karakas A, Uzun S. Geographic variations in epidemiology of two autoimmune bullous diseases: pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol Res 2015;307:291-8.
  • Yayli S, Harman M, Baskan EB, Karakas AA, Genc Y, Turk BG, et al. Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: one-year prospective study of 220 Cases. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2017;25:181-8.
  • Ucmak D. Pemfigus. J Clin Exp Invest 2011;2: 468-473.
  • Greenberg MS. Ulcerative, vesicular and bullous lesions. In: Lynch MA, Brightman VJ, Greenberg MS (eds). Burket’s Oral Medicine, 9th ed. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott,1994:11-50.
  • Scully C, Mignogna M. Oral mucosal disease: pemphigus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46:272-7.
  • Ibsen OAC and Phelan JA. Oral Pathology for Dental Hygienist, Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd, 5th ed. 2009.
  • Williams DM. Vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disease: pemphigus vulgaris. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 1989;18:544-55.
  • Bascones-Martinez A, Garcia-Garcia V, Meurman JH, Requena-Caballero L. Immune-mediated diseases: what can be found in the oral cavity? Int J Dermatol 2015;54:258-70.
  • Sanders, WJ A brief review of pemphigus vulgaris. Biomed Dermatol. 2017;1,7.
  • Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E. Clinical features of gingival pemphigus vulgaris. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:489-93.
  • Robinson JC, Lozada-Nur F, Frieden I. Oral pemphigus vulgaris: a review of the literature and a report on the management of 12 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:349-55.
  • Mustafa MB, Porter SR, Smoller BR, Sitaru C. Oral mucosal manifestations of autoimmune skin diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2015;14:930-51.
  • Ruocco V, Ruocco E, Lo Schiavo A, BrunettiG, Guerrera LP, Wolf R. Pemphigus: etiology, pathogenesis, and inducing or triggering factors: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2013;31:374-81.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 4th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016. p. 708-44.
  • Shamim T, Varghese VI, Shameena PM, Sudha S. Pemphigus vulgaris in oral cavity: clinical analysis of 71 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:622-6.
  • Henry JB. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 20th Edition, Saunders Publication, Philadelphia, 2001.
  • Joly P, Horvath B, Patsatsi A, et al. Updated S2K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34:1900-13.
  • Davenport S, Chen SY, Miller AS. Pemphigus vulgaris: clinicopathologic review of 33 cases in the oral cavity. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2001;21:85-90.
  • Bickle K, Roark TR, Hsu S. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses: a review. Am Fam Physician 2002;65:1861-70.
  • Ruocco E, Baroni A, Wolf R, Ruocco V. Life-threatening bullous dermatoses: Pemphigus vulgaris. Clin Dermatol 2005;23:223-6.
  • Weinberg MA, Insler MS, Campen RB. Mucocutaneous features of autoimmune blistering diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:517-34.
  • Ruocco E, Aurilia A, Ruocco V. Precautions and suggestions for pemphigus patients. Dermatology 2001;203:201-7.
  • Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S. Oral pemphigus. Minerva Stomatol 2009;58:501-18.
  • Femiano F, Gombos F, Nunziata M, Esposito V, Scully C. Pemphigus mimicking aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2005;34:508-10.
  • Anhalt GJ, Kim SC, Stanley JR, et al. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1729-35.
  • Mutasim DF. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Drugs Aging 2003;20:663-81.
  • Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2004;9:29-33.
  • Horn TD, Anhalt GJ. Histologic features of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:1091-5.
  • Mutasim DF. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Drugs Aging 2010;27:1-19.
  • Turk BG, Iskandarli M, Yaman B, Kayas Y, Unal I. Paraneoplastic Pemphigus. Turk J Dermatol 2015;9:198-201.
  • Joly P, Richard C, Gilbert D, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical, histologic, and immunologic features in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:619-26.
  • Choi Y, Nam KH, Lee JB, et al. Retrospective analysis of 12 Korean patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Dermatol 2012;39:973-81.
  • Bialy-Golan A, Brenner S, Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus: oral involvement as the sole manifestation. Acta Derm Venereol 1996;76:253-4.
  • Wade MS, Black MM. Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a brief update. Australas J Dermatol 2005;46:1-8.
  • Kucukoglu R. Autoimmune bullous diseases and paraneoplasia. Turkderm-Turk Arch Dermatol Venereol 2013;47:78-81.
  • Schmidt E, Zillikens D. Pemphigoid diseases. Lancet 2013;381:320-32.
  • Bernard BBL. Pemphigoid group. In Bolognia JL, JV Schaffer L Cerroni, eds. Dermatology, 4th Ed. Elsevier Limited 2018:510-26.
  • Chan LS, Ahmed AR, Anhalt GJ, et al. The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid: definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenic factors, medical treatment, and prognostic indicators. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:370-9.
  • Marx RE, Stern D. Immune-based diseases. In: editor Bywaters LC. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. A rationale for diagnosis and treatment. 2nd Ed. 2003, p.148-53.
  • Leao JC, Ingafou M, Khan A, Scully C, Porter S. Desquamative gingivitis: retrospective analysis of disease associations of a large cohort. Oral Dis 2008;14:556-60.
  • Bagan J, Lo Muzio L, Scully C. Mucosal disease series. Number III. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral Dis 2005;11:197-218.
  • Neville B, Damm D, Bouquot J. Dermatologic diseases. In: oral and maxillofacial pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders 2002;559-67.
  • Kharfi M, Khaled A, Anane R, et al. Early onset childhood cicatricial pemphigoid: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:119-24.
  • Demathe A, Arede LT, Miyahara GI. Mucous membrane pemphigoid in HIV patient: a case report. Cases J 2008;1:345.
  • Sollecito TP, Parisi E. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Dent Clin N Am 2005;49:91-106.
  • Bruch-Gerharz D, Hertl M, Ruzicka T. Mucous membrane pemphigoid: clinical aspects, immunopathological features and therapy. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17:191-200.
  • Villa A, Treister N, Woo S-B, Saavedra A, Sultan A. Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris-a retrospective two-center cohort study. Oral Dis 2017;23 498-504.
  • Carey B, Joshi S, Abdelghani A, Mee J, Andiappan M, Setterfield J. The optimal oral biopsy site for diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2020;182:747-53.
  • van Beek N, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018;16:1077-91.
  • Jascholt I, Lai O, Zillikens D, Kasperkiewicz M. Periodontitis in oral pemphigus and pemphigoid: a systematic review of published studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017;76:975-8.
  • Arduino PG, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, et al. Describing the gingival involvement in a sample of 182 Italian predominantly oral mucous membrane pemphigoid patients: A retrospective series. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017;22:149-52.
  • Carey B, Setterfield J. Mucous membrane pemphigoid and oral blistering diseases. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019;44:732-9.
  • Bagan J, Jimenez Y, Murillo J, Bagan L. Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: A clinical study of 100 low-risk cases. Oral Dis 2018;24:132-4.
  • Vijayan V, Paul A, Babu K, Madhan B. Desquamative gingivitis as only presenting sign of mucous membrane pemphigoid. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016;20:340-3.
  • Gagari E, Damoulis PD. Desquamative gingivitis as a manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous disease. JDDG. 2011;9:184-7.
  • Bernard P, Antonicelli F. Bullous pemphigoid: a review of its diagnosis, associations and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017;18:513-28.
  • Tanyeri H. Oral Mukozanın İmmünolojik Hastalıkları ve Tedavileri. İstanbul: Nobel,2000; s. 69-75.
  • Field A, Longman L, Tyldesley. Tyldesley’s Oral Medicine, ed 5. New York: Oxford, 2003; p.125-39.
  • Mumcu G, Ergun T, Inanc N, et al. Oral health is impaired in Behçet’s disease and is associated with disease severity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:1028-33.
  • Kurgan S, Altingoz SM, Balci N, Gunhan M. Pemfigus Vulgaris ile ilişkili deskuamatif gingivitisli hastalarda periodontal tedavinin hastalığın şiddeti üzerine etkisi (Olgu Serisi). SÜ Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;21:138-44.
  • Thorat MS, Raju A, Pradeep AR. Pemphigus vulgaris: effects on periodontal health. J Oral Sci. 2010;52:449-54.
  • Arduino PG, Lopetuso E, Carcieri P, e al. Professional oral hygiene treatment and detailed oral hygiene instructions in patients affected by mucous membrane pemphigoid with specific gingival localization: a pilot study in 12 patients. Int J Dent Hyg 2012;10:138-41.
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There are 83 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Bilge Cansu Uzun Saylan 0000-0002-4896-3864

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

Vancouver Uzun Saylan BC. Current dental approaches in autoimmune bullous diseases. Mucosa. 2022;5(2):33-41.