A Brief Overview of the History of Forensic Psychology

Year 2020, , 29 - 36, 28.06.2020

Nesrin Duman

https://doi.org/10.33817/muhakeme.746122

Abstract

Forensic psychology is one of the rapidly growing and developing psychology specialties in the world. Psychology has been in law since ancient times. However, the science of psychology became an official academic discipline with the establishment of the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig. Well-educated psychologists here are spread throughout Europe and then to America. Many researches have also been carried out in new psychology laboratories that are opened one after another. The research findings obtained have been used in various phases of the forensic system. The relationship between law and psychology, which started with the mental illness-criminal capacity relationship, has gained depth by examining the reliability of witness statements over time. Psychologists have taken more positions in courts over time and have expressed their expert opinions on various topics. After the world war period, psychologists were very often present in courts. The acceleration of forensic psychology came after the 1970s, and finaly in 2010, forensic psychology was recognized as a specialization branch by the American Psychological Association (APA). In this study, the emergence process of “McNaughten Rules”, which forms the basis of forensic psychiatry and therefore forensic psychology, important names and psychological researches contributing to the judicial process, psychologists' acceptance in courts, recognition of forensic psychology as an official speciality and the recent development process.

Keywords

Forensic, psychology, history

Adli Psikoloji’nin Tarihine Kısa Bir Bakış

Abstract

Adli psikoloji dünyada hızla büyüyen ve gelişen psikoloji uzmanlık alanlarından biridir. Psikoloji, hukuk içerisinde çok eski zamanlardan beri yer almaktadır. Ancak psikoloji bilimi, Leipzig Üniversitesi’nde ilk psikoloji laboratuvarının kurulmasıyla resmî akademik bir disiplin olabilmiştir. Bu labaratuvarda yetişen donanımlı psikologlar Avrupa’ya ve sonrasında Amerika’ya dağılmışlardır. Peşi sıra açılan yeni psikoloji laboratuvarlarında da pek çok araştırma yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen araştırma bulgularından adli sistemin çeşitli safhalarında faydalanılmıştır. Akıl hastalığı-ceza ehliyeti ilişkisi ile başlayan hukuk-psikoloji ilişkisi, zaman içerisinde tanık ifadelerinin güvenilirliğinin incelenmesi ile derinlik kazanmıştır. Psikologlar zaman içerisinde mahkemelerde daha fazla görev alıp, çeşitli konularda uzman görüşlerini bildirmişlerdir. Savaş dönemi sonrasında psikologlar mahkemelerde çok sık yer almışlardır. Adli psikolojinin ivme kazanması 1970'lerden sonra olmuş, en nihayetinde 2010 yılında adli psikoloji Amerikan Psikoloji Birliği (APA) tarafından resmi uzmanlık branşı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada adli psikiyatrinin ve dolayısıyla adli psikolojinin temelini oluşturan “McNaughten Kuralları”nın ortaya çıkış süreci, yargı sürecine katkı sağlayan önemli isimler ve psikolojik araştırmaları, psikologların mahkemelerde görev alışları, adli psikolojinin resmi uzmanlık branşı olarak tanınması ve son dönem gelişim süreci ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

adli, psikoloji, tarihçe

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