Abstract
Especially in high-tech industries like telecommunication, the nature of increased competition forces companies to improve their organizational effectiveness through establishing performance management systems, improving managerial competencies and utilizing leadership development. However, effectiveness and sustainability of performance management are dependent on the quality of goal setting in all levels of management. Therefore, relationships of goal setting as a critical management competency with leadership characteristics can provide insights on how to improve goal setting performance in an organization through leadership development. Within this conceptual framework, based on the theoretical background and using the findings of a case study in telecommunication industry, this study aims to explore the relationship between the leadership styles and goal setting performances of managers. At first, goal setting performance of middle level managers in the studied company is evaluated by executives and human resources experts. They considered the appropriateness and achivement level of the goals and objectives that the evaluated manager had identified and assigned to his/her subordinates within the 360 degree Performance Appraisal System before. Then, in order to find out the leadership characteristics of the studied middle level managers, the managerial competency set in the 360 degree performance appraisal system of the studied company is associated with the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) of Bass and Avolio (1995). By this way, the common statements in both questionnaires are defined. Based on the scores that the middle level managers received from the competencies that are common in 360 degree performance appraisal system and MLQ, the leadership characteristics of the studied managers are found out. By conducting a correlation test, we explored the relationships between the goal setting performances of middle level managers and their leadership characteristics. The findings from data analysis revealed that leadership characteristics like informing roles and responsibilities to the employees, giving feedback for the development of his/her employees and keeping his/her employees motivated in the team are positively correlated to goal setting performance of the middle level managers
References
- AVOLIO, B. - BASS, B. Transformational leadership, charisma and beyond, in Hunt, J., Baliga, B., Dachlor, H. and Schriesheim, C. (Eds.), Emerging Leadership Vistas, Lexington, MA Lexington Books, 1988.
- BASS, B. and AVOLIO, B. Full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden, 1997.
- BASS, B. M. & RIGGIO, R. E., Transformational leadership, 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2006.
- BASS, B. M., and BASS, R. The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, research and managerial applications, 4th Edition. New York: The Free Press, 2008.
- BASS, B.M.- AVOLIO, B. J. Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership, USA: Sage Publications Ltd., 1994. BURNS, J. M., Leadership, New York: Harper & Row. 1978.
- CANTY, L. T. “Conceptual assessment: Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles and job performances of managers as perceived by their direct reports”, Ph.D. Thesis, Capella University, 2005.
- CARNEGIE, D. “Performance of North Sea offshore platform supervisors”. Doctoral dissertation, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1995.
- CLIFFORD, Jr D. K.- CAVANAGH, R. E. The winning performance, USA: Bantam Books, 1985.
- COVEY, S. R. The 7 habits of highly effective people, New York: Fireside. 1989.
- DAVIS, D. D. - GUAW, P.- LUO, J. - MAAHS, C. J. “Need for continuous improvement, organization citizenship, transformational leadership, and service climate in a Chinese state enterprise”. Paper presented to Society for Organizational and Industrial Psychology, St. Louis, MO, 1997.
- DEN HARTOG, D. N. “Inspirational leadership”, Academisch Profschrift, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Holland, 1997.
- DRUCKER, P. F. The Practice of Management, London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1977.
- GOODWIN, V. L.- WOFFORD, J. C. - J WHITTINGTON,. L. “A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(7), 2001, pp.759–774
- GRANT, A.M. and HARTLEY, M. “Developing the leader as coach: insights, strategies and tips for embedding coaching skills in the workplace”, Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 6(2), 2013, pp. 102-115.
- GUION, R.M. Personnel testing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
- HAIR, J. E., ANDERSON, R. E. , TATHAM R. L. and BLACK W.C.Multivariate data analysis. (5th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
- HAYVARD, B. A. “Relationship between employee performance, leadership and emotional intelligence in a South African parastatal organization”, Thesis for the master of commerce degree, Rhodes University, 2005.
- HOWELL, J.M. and AVOLIO, B.J. “Transformational Leadership, Transactional leadership, Locus of Control, and Support for Innovation: Key Predictors of Consolidated- Business-Unit Performance”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 1993, pp. 891-902.
- HOYT, C. L., MURPHY,S. E., HALVERSON, S. K. and WATSON,C. B. “Group leadership: Efficacy and effectiveness”, Group Dynamics, Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 2003, pp. 259–274.
- JONES, D.W. and RUDD, R.D. “Transactional, Transformational, or Laissez-Faire Leadership: An assessment of College of Agriculture Academic Program Leaders (Deans) Leadership Styles”, Proceedings of the 2007 AAAE Research Conference, 34, 2007, pp. 520
- KLIMOSKI, R. J. - HAYES, N. J. “Leader Behavior and Subordinate Motivation”, Personnel Psychology, 33, 1980, pp. 543–555.
- KOTTER, J. P. The leadership factor, New York: The Free Press, 1988. KOTTER, P. J. What leaders really do, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 1999.
- LOCKE, E. A. Ve LATHAM G. P. A theory of goal setting & task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.
- MEYER, P. J. What would you do if you knew you couldn’t fail? Creating S.M.A.R.T. Goals.” Attitude Is Everything: If You Want to Succeed Above and Beyond, USA: The Leading Edge Publishing Co, 2003. MOORHEAD, R. W.- GRIFFIN,G.- Organizational Behaviour, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1986.
- NORTHOUSE, P. G. Leadership: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. California: Sage, 2004.
- PODSAKOFF, P.M. and SCHRIESHEIM, C.A. “Field studies of French and Raven’s bases of power: critique, reanalysis, and suggestions for future research’’, Psychological Bulletin, 97(3), 1985, pp. 387-411.
- QUINN, R.- HALL, R. Environments, “Organizations and Policymakers: Towards an integrated framework”, in Hall, R. and Quinn, R. (Eds.), Organizational Theory and Public Policy, Beverly Hills: Sage, 1983.
- SAEIDINIA, M.- SALEHI, - ALMASI, M. K.-NASAB B. A. F-, POURMIRZA, A. “Affects of Similarity Model on Organizational Commitment Thesis”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (24), Special Issue – December 2011.
- SILINS, H.C. “Effective leadership for school reform”. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 38(4), 1992, pp.317-334.
- STEERS, R.W.- PORTER, L.W. Motivation and work behavior, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.
- SZILAGYI Jr, A. D. Management and Performance, 3rd Edition. Glenview: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1988.
- TEJEDA, M.J.- SCANDURA, T.A.- PILLAI, R. “The MLQ Revisited: Psychometric Properties and Recommendations”, The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 2001, pp. 31-52.
- TRICE, H. M.-BEYER, J.M. “Cultural Leadership in Organizations”, Organization Science, 2, 1986, pp.149-169.
- ULRICH, D. and ZENGER, Z. - SMALLWOOD, N. Result-based leadership, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 1999.
- WALDMAN, D.A., BASS, B. M. and EINSTEIN, W.O. “Effort, performance, and transformational leadership in industrial and military settings”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 1987, pp.177-186.
- YUKL, G. Leadership in Organizations, 3rd Edition, Englewoods Cliffs: New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1994.
LİDERLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE HEDEF BELİRLEME YETKİNLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNE BİR BAKIŞ: TELEKOMUNİKASYON SEKTÖRÜNDEN BİR UYGULAMA
Abstract
Özellikle telekomunikasyon gibi ileri teknoloji sektörlerinde giderek artan rekabet, şirketleri örgütsel etkinliklerini artırmaya zorlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, şirketler rekabete uyum sağlayacak şekilde organizasyonel performanslarını yönetebilmelerini sağlayacak performans sistemleri kurmak, yönetsel yetkinliklerini iyileştirmek zorunda kalmakta; yöneticilerin liderlik karakteristiklerini anlamak ve geliştirmek yoluna gitmektedirler. Performans yönetiminde doğru ve etkin hedef belirleme yetkinliğine gereken önemin verilmesi, bir liderlik özelliği olarak incelenmesi ve araştırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki büyük bir telekomunikasyon şirketinde yapılan bir vaka analizi ile, orta seviye yöneticilerin liderlik özellikleri ile etkin yönetsel hedefler belirleme yetkinlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. İncelenen şirkette, orta düzey yöneticilerin hedef belirleme yetkinlikleri, şirket performans sisteminde tanımladıkları hedeflerinin çeşitli kriterlere göre şirket üst yönetimi ve insan kaynakları uzmanları tarafından değerlendirilerek puanlanmıştır. Daha sonra Bass ve Avolio’nun (1995) geliştirdiği Çok Faktörlü Liderlik Anketi (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) soru ifadeleri ile incelenen şirketin 360 derece performans değerleme sistemindeki yönetsel yetkinlikler seti karşılaştırılmış; her ikisinde de ortak olarak bulunan liderlik soruları/özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu eşleştirme sonucunda, orta düzey yöneticilerin, şirketin performans değerleme sistemindeki puanlardan, liderlik özelliklerine dair performansları belirlenmiştir. İncelenen yöneticilerin, hedef belirleme performansları ile dönüşümsel liderlik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, orta düzey yöneticilerin çalışana rol ve sorumluluklarını açıkça bildirmek, çalışana gelişimleri için geri bildirim vermek ve çalışanlarını takım içinde yüksek motivasyonda tutmak gibi liderlik özellikleri ile etkin hedef belirleme performansları arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
References
- AVOLIO, B. - BASS, B. Transformational leadership, charisma and beyond, in Hunt, J., Baliga, B., Dachlor, H. and Schriesheim, C. (Eds.), Emerging Leadership Vistas, Lexington, MA Lexington Books, 1988.
- BASS, B. and AVOLIO, B. Full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden, 1997.
- BASS, B. M. & RIGGIO, R. E., Transformational leadership, 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2006.
- BASS, B. M., and BASS, R. The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, research and managerial applications, 4th Edition. New York: The Free Press, 2008.
- BASS, B.M.- AVOLIO, B. J. Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership, USA: Sage Publications Ltd., 1994. BURNS, J. M., Leadership, New York: Harper & Row. 1978.
- CANTY, L. T. “Conceptual assessment: Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles and job performances of managers as perceived by their direct reports”, Ph.D. Thesis, Capella University, 2005.
- CARNEGIE, D. “Performance of North Sea offshore platform supervisors”. Doctoral dissertation, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1995.
- CLIFFORD, Jr D. K.- CAVANAGH, R. E. The winning performance, USA: Bantam Books, 1985.
- COVEY, S. R. The 7 habits of highly effective people, New York: Fireside. 1989.
- DAVIS, D. D. - GUAW, P.- LUO, J. - MAAHS, C. J. “Need for continuous improvement, organization citizenship, transformational leadership, and service climate in a Chinese state enterprise”. Paper presented to Society for Organizational and Industrial Psychology, St. Louis, MO, 1997.
- DEN HARTOG, D. N. “Inspirational leadership”, Academisch Profschrift, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Holland, 1997.
- DRUCKER, P. F. The Practice of Management, London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1977.
- GOODWIN, V. L.- WOFFORD, J. C. - J WHITTINGTON,. L. “A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(7), 2001, pp.759–774
- GRANT, A.M. and HARTLEY, M. “Developing the leader as coach: insights, strategies and tips for embedding coaching skills in the workplace”, Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 6(2), 2013, pp. 102-115.
- GUION, R.M. Personnel testing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
- HAIR, J. E., ANDERSON, R. E. , TATHAM R. L. and BLACK W.C.Multivariate data analysis. (5th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
- HAYVARD, B. A. “Relationship between employee performance, leadership and emotional intelligence in a South African parastatal organization”, Thesis for the master of commerce degree, Rhodes University, 2005.
- HOWELL, J.M. and AVOLIO, B.J. “Transformational Leadership, Transactional leadership, Locus of Control, and Support for Innovation: Key Predictors of Consolidated- Business-Unit Performance”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 1993, pp. 891-902.
- HOYT, C. L., MURPHY,S. E., HALVERSON, S. K. and WATSON,C. B. “Group leadership: Efficacy and effectiveness”, Group Dynamics, Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 2003, pp. 259–274.
- JONES, D.W. and RUDD, R.D. “Transactional, Transformational, or Laissez-Faire Leadership: An assessment of College of Agriculture Academic Program Leaders (Deans) Leadership Styles”, Proceedings of the 2007 AAAE Research Conference, 34, 2007, pp. 520
- KLIMOSKI, R. J. - HAYES, N. J. “Leader Behavior and Subordinate Motivation”, Personnel Psychology, 33, 1980, pp. 543–555.
- KOTTER, J. P. The leadership factor, New York: The Free Press, 1988. KOTTER, P. J. What leaders really do, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 1999.
- LOCKE, E. A. Ve LATHAM G. P. A theory of goal setting & task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.
- MEYER, P. J. What would you do if you knew you couldn’t fail? Creating S.M.A.R.T. Goals.” Attitude Is Everything: If You Want to Succeed Above and Beyond, USA: The Leading Edge Publishing Co, 2003. MOORHEAD, R. W.- GRIFFIN,G.- Organizational Behaviour, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1986.
- NORTHOUSE, P. G. Leadership: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. California: Sage, 2004.
- PODSAKOFF, P.M. and SCHRIESHEIM, C.A. “Field studies of French and Raven’s bases of power: critique, reanalysis, and suggestions for future research’’, Psychological Bulletin, 97(3), 1985, pp. 387-411.
- QUINN, R.- HALL, R. Environments, “Organizations and Policymakers: Towards an integrated framework”, in Hall, R. and Quinn, R. (Eds.), Organizational Theory and Public Policy, Beverly Hills: Sage, 1983.
- SAEIDINIA, M.- SALEHI, - ALMASI, M. K.-NASAB B. A. F-, POURMIRZA, A. “Affects of Similarity Model on Organizational Commitment Thesis”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (24), Special Issue – December 2011.
- SILINS, H.C. “Effective leadership for school reform”. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 38(4), 1992, pp.317-334.
- STEERS, R.W.- PORTER, L.W. Motivation and work behavior, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.
- SZILAGYI Jr, A. D. Management and Performance, 3rd Edition. Glenview: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1988.
- TEJEDA, M.J.- SCANDURA, T.A.- PILLAI, R. “The MLQ Revisited: Psychometric Properties and Recommendations”, The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 2001, pp. 31-52.
- TRICE, H. M.-BEYER, J.M. “Cultural Leadership in Organizations”, Organization Science, 2, 1986, pp.149-169.
- ULRICH, D. and ZENGER, Z. - SMALLWOOD, N. Result-based leadership, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 1999.
- WALDMAN, D.A., BASS, B. M. and EINSTEIN, W.O. “Effort, performance, and transformational leadership in industrial and military settings”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 1987, pp.177-186.
- YUKL, G. Leadership in Organizations, 3rd Edition, Englewoods Cliffs: New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1994.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 13, 2015 |
| Submission Date | March 13, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 36 Issue: 1 |
Cite
Marmara University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
