Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet

Onur Ağkaya; Ayfer Genç Yılmaz

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Year 2015, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 147 - 178, 20.06.2015

Abstract

Across the globe and throughout different countries, social movements are speaking out against neoliberal regimes. Québec’s Printemps Erable, the largest social protest in Canadian history occupies an important place among these social movements. This article aims to analyze the 2012 Québec Student Strike, which was sparked by the decision of the governing Parti Liberal du Québec to increase tuition fees by 75 per cent over the next five years. The student strike then developed into a social movement against neoliberalism as a whole. In other words, the students’ fight has become one front in a broader struggle for social justice and the reorganization of society. This transformation of the movement, from a student strike to a social movement against neoliberalism, is deeply linked to the repressive attitude of the Charest government towards students and its decision to choose violence over discussion. Bill 78, an emergency law that brought huge restrictions on liberties of expression, association and assembly, signified a major turning point for the Québec student strike. Following on from this, the strike has progressed, expanded its support base and developed into a popular uprising.This study will focus on the underlying reasons for the emergence of the Québec Student Movement and its evolution in relation to the state’s response to it. To this purpose, primarily, it will analyze the neoliberal phase of capitalism by putting emphasis on the increase in student debt and the commodification of education in the neoliberal age. Secondly, it will shed light on the enlargement and empowerment of the police force and the enforcement of emergency laws under the neoliberal Charest government. Here, the repressive attitude of the Charest government of Québec towards the student strike and its effects on the evolution of Printemps Québecois will be studied

Keywords

Québec, neoliberalism, state, repression, social movement

References

Ancelovici M ve Dupuis-Déri F (2014). Introduction. İçinde: M Ancelovici ve F Dupuis-Déri (der), Un Printemps Rouge et Noir: Regards croisés sur la grève étudiante de 2012, Montréal: Ecosociété, 7-33.
Annis R (2012). Government Repression of Quebec Student Movement Sparks Massive Protests, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/government-repressionof-quebec-student-movement-sparks-massive-protests/31079. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Barreau du Québec (2013). Regard du Barreau du Québec sur l’Etat de Droit 2012 Bilan des Interventions, http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/publications/2013-etat-droit.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 15/04/2015.
Bégin-Caoutte O ve Jones G. A (2014). Student organizations in Canada and Quebec’s ‘Maple Spring’. Studies in Higher Education, 39(3), 412-425.
Bernston J (2014). Marching to a Different Drum: The Casserole Protests of the Québec Student Movement, 2011-2012, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ottoawa Ontario: Carleton University.
Bianet (18/05/2012). Québec’te Anti-Öğrenci Yasası. http://www.bianet.org/bianet/genclik/138452-quebec-te-anti-ogrenci-yasasi. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
Brockett C (1993). A Protest-Cycle Resolution Of The Repression/Popular-Protest Paradox, Social Science History, 17 (3), 457-484.
Calafati L (2013). Understanding The Return Of Violent Protest Policing In Europe: Some Reflections Provoked By The Italian Case, MA Term Papers, http://www.sussex. ac.uk/anthropology/pgstudy/termpapers. Son erişim tarihi, 11.4.2015.
Chouinard T (2012). Line Beauchamp Démissionne. La Presse, 14 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
CLASSE (2012). “Share our future: The CLASSE Manifesto”. http://www.stopthehike.ca/2012/07/share-our-future-the-classe-manifesto. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
CLASSE (2013). “Historique des grèves generals”.http://www. bloquonslahausse.com/verslagreve/historique-des-greves-generales.Son erişim tarihi, 09.04.2015.
Combes H ve Fillieule O (2011). De La Répression Considerée Dans Ses Rapports à L’Activité Protestataire, Revue Française de Science Politique, 61, 1047-1072.
Corbeil M (2012). La Loi Spéciale sur la Grève Etudiante Adoptée. La Presse, 18 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
Côté-Ostiguy, C. (2012). Speak Red. Amy Mm (Çev.) http://www.quebecprotest.com/post/23632403200/speak-red-bycatherine-cote-ostiguy-translated. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Cox L (2013), Eppue Si Muove: Thinking ‘The Social Movement’, İçinde: C Barker vd. (der.), Marxism and Social Movements, Boston: Brill, 125-146.
Dale T (1984). Jean Lesage and the Quiet Revolution, Toronto: Macmillan. Davenport C (2007). State Repression and Political Order, Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 1-23.
Della Porta D ve Reiter H (1998). The Policing of Protest in Western Democracies. İçinde: D Della Porta ve H Reiter (der). The Policing of Mass Demonstrations in Contemporary Democracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1-34.
Della Porta D ve Fillieule O (2004). Policing Social Protest. İçinde: D A Snow, S A Soule ve H Kriesi (der). The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, Oxford: Blackwell, 217-41.
Della Porta D (2008). Research on Social Movements and Political Violence, Qual Sociol, 31, 221-230.
Della Porta D ve Zamponi L (2013). Protest and Policing on October 15th Global Day of Action: the Italian Case, Policing and Society, 23 (1), 65-80.
Duchaine G (2012). Blessure: Francis Grenier Poursuivra la Ville de Montréal. La Presse, 8 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 12/04/2015.
Dupuis-Déri F (2010). La Répression Policière, Encore et Toujours. İçinde: V Serge (der). Ce Que Tout Révolutionnaire Doit Savoir De La Répression, Montreal: Lux.
The Economist (02/06/2014). The Digital Degree,http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21605899-staid-higher-education-business-about-experience-welcomeearthquake-digital. Son erişim tarihi, 15/04/2015.
Ergut F (2001). Polis Çalışmaları İçin Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 34 (1), 59-78.
Ergut F (2012). Modern Devlet ve Polis Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Toplumsal Denetimin Diyalektiği. (2. Baskı), İstanbul: İletişim.
Giroux H A (28.08.2012). Days of Rage: The Quebec Student Protest Movement and the New Social Awakening, Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/11040-thequebec-student-protest-movement-and-the-power-of-the-radical-imagination. Son erişim tarihi, 01.04.2015.
Hardt M. ve Negri A (2012). Duyuru. Çev. A Yılmaz, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Hetland G ve Goodwin J (2013). The Strange Dissappearance of Capitalism from Social Movement Studies. İçinde: C Barker vd. (der), Marxism and Social Movements, Boston: Brill, 83-102.
Hirsch, J (2011) Materyalist Devlet Teorisi: Kapitalist Devletler Sisteminin Dönüşüm Süreçleri, Çev. Şule Daldal, İstanbul: Alan Yayınları.
INCLO (Interntional Network Of Civil Liberties Organizations) (2013). Take Back The Streets Repression And Criminalization Of Protest Around The World, https://www. aclu.org/files/assets/global_protest_suppression_report_inclo.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Jessop B (1990). State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Jessop B (2009). Kapitalist Devletin Geleceği, Çev. A Özcan. Ankara: Epos Yayınları.
Legault J (11.02.2015). Abus Policiers et Silence Politique.Journal de Montreal. http:// www.journaldemontreal.com/2015/02/10/abus-policiers-et-silence-politique. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Luckas M (2012). Quebec Student Protests Mark ‘Maple Spring‘ in Canada. The Guardian UK, 2 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 10/04/2015.
Marshall A G (2012). “The Maple Spring: Ten Things You Should Know About the Quebec Student Movement”, http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/05/23/10-thingsyou-should-know-about-the-quebec-student-movement. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys (NACBA) (7.2.2012). The Student Loan ‘Debt Bomb’:America’s Next Mortgage-Style Economic Crisis? http://nacba.org/Portals/0/Documents/Student%20Loan%20Debt/020712%20NACBA%20student%20loan%20debt%20report.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 10.4.2015.
Necleous M (2011). ‘O Effeminacy! Effeminacy!’ War, Masculinity and the Myth of Liberal Peace, European Journal of International Relations, 19 (1), 93-113.
Neocleous M (2012). Toplumsal Düzenin İnşası Polis Erkinin Eleştirel Teorisi. Çev. A Bekmen. İstanbul: H20 Kitap.
Nilsen A G ve Cox L (2013). What Would a Marxist Theory of Social Movements Look Like?. İçinde: C Barker vd. (der), Marxism and Social Movements. Boston: Brill, 63-82.
Pavlova R (2013). The Maple Spring The Impact on Free Expression in Québec, CJFE, https://cjfe.org/resources/features/maple-spring-impact-free-expression-Québec Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Poulantzas N (2001). The Poulantzas Reader: Marxism, Law and the State. İçinde: J Martin (der). NewYork&London:Verso.
Remes J (2013). Introduction to ‘Share Our Future: The CLASSE Manifesto’, All About Mentoring, 42, 114-118.http://www.academia.edu/2399470/Introduction_to_Share_Our_Future_The_CLASSE_Manifesto_. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Rocher F (2012). The Evolving Parameters of Quebec Nationalism, International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 4 (1), 1-21.
Savard O T (2013). Fracture Politique, Lois Liberticides et Kermesse Policière: Essaie Sur La Répression Du “Printemps Erable”, Possibles, 36 (2), 160-175.
Schmitt M N (1992). State-Sponsored Assasination in International and Domestic Law, Yale Journal of International Law, 17 (2), 609-613.
Seri G (2009), Police Discretion as Unwritten Law: Governing the State of Exception, İçinde: R Kalyani (der). Police Discretion and Law, Hyderabad: AMICUS, ICFAI University.
Solty I (2012). Canada’s Maple Spring: From the Québec Student Strike to the Movement Against Neoliberalism”, http://www.globalresearch.ca/canadas-maple-spring-fromthe-québec-student-strike-to-the-movement-against-neoliberalism/5317452?print=1. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Tadros M (2011). The Politics of Unruly Ruptures, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BE6B5/(httpNews)/6CACEA99340950AAC125795D00581C33?OpenDocument. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Uysal A (2001). Devletin Güvenliği ve Toplumsal Muhalefet Eylemleri: “Kalemli Çete Örneği”, Birikim, 146, 64-84.
Uzun B (2013). Kayıp Bir Kuşak Mı, Genç Olmaktan Kaynaklanan Deneyimler Üzerinden Aktivizmin Yeniden İnşası mı?: Québec Öğrenci Grevi ve Yeni Gençlik Siyaset(ler)i. Birikim, 287, 87-96.
Wacquant L (2010). Crafting the Neoliberal State: Workfare, Prisonfare, and Social Insecurity, Sociological Forum, 25 (2), 197-220.
Wacquant L (2012). Three Steps to a Historical Anthropology of Actually Existing Neoliberalism’, Social Anthropology, 20(1), 66-79.
Westley A W (1953). Violence and the Police, American Journal of Sociology, 59, 34-41.
Winter M (1998). Police Philosophy and Protest Policing in the Federal Republic of Germany 1960-1990. İçinde: D Della Porta ve H Reiter (der). The Policing of Mass Demonstrations in Contemporary Democracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 188-212.
Yalçıntaş A (2014). Gençlik Hareketinin “Garip”leri: Koordinasyon ve Gezi, Marjinaliz Bağımsız Öğrenci Dergisi,1, 1-5.

Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet

Year 2015, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 147 - 178, 20.06.2015

Onur Ağkaya , Ayfer Genç Yılmaz

Abstract

Dünya genelinde farklı ülkelerde, toplumsal hareketler neoliberal rejimler karşısında giderek seslerini yükseltiyorlar. Kanada tarihinin en geniş toplumsal hareketi olarak nitelendirilen Québec’in Printemps Erable’i, şüphesiz, bu hareketler arasında önemli bir yer işgal ediyor. Bu çalışma, bir öğrenci hareketi olarak başlayan ve liberal Charest hükümetinin öğrenci harçlarına beş yıllık süre içerisinde yüzde 75 zam yapılmasını öngören kararının yol açtığı 2012 yılındaki öğrenci direnişini analiz etmek niyetindedir. Öğrenci hareketi olarak başlayan direniş, bir süre sonra, neoliberalizme karşı bir toplumsal hareket niteliğine bürünmüştür. Hareketin karakterinde yaşanan bu değişim, Charest hükümetinin öğrenciler karşısındaki baskıcı tavrı ve müzakere yerine şiddeti seçmesiyle yakından ilişkilidir. İfade, örgütlenme ve gösteri düzenleme özgürlüklerine büyük kısıtlamalar getiren olağanüstü nitelikteki 78 No’lu Kanun, bu bağlamda, öğrenci hareketi açısından bir dönüm noktasını ifade etmektedir. Kanunun yürürlüğe girmesini takip eden süreçte hareket gelişmiş, kendisine yönelik desteği arttırmış ve bir toplumsal kalkışmaya dönüşmüştür. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, Québec öğrenci hareketini hazırlayan koşullara ve hareketin kendisine yönelik gelişen devletin reaksiyonu ile nasıl evrildiğine odaklanmak niyetindedir. Bunun için, ilk olarak, kapitalizmin neoliberal evresine odaklanmak suretiyle öğrenci borçlarındaki artış ve eğitimin metalaşması sorunsalları analiz edilecektir. İkinci olarak neoliberal Charest hükümeti tarafından olağanüstü kanunların ve polis gücünün genişletilmesi ve yüceltilmesi meselelerine ışık tutulacaktır. Bu şekilde, Charest hükümetinin öğrenci direnişine yönelik baskıcı davranışı ve bunun Printemps Erable’in gelişimine yönelik etkileri çalışma kapsamında incelenecektir.

Keywords

Québec, neoliberalizm, devlet, baskı, toplumsal hareket

References

Ancelovici M ve Dupuis-Déri F (2014). Introduction. İçinde: M Ancelovici ve F Dupuis-Déri (der), Un Printemps Rouge et Noir: Regards croisés sur la grève étudiante de 2012, Montréal: Ecosociété, 7-33.
Annis R (2012). Government Repression of Quebec Student Movement Sparks Massive Protests, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/government-repressionof-quebec-student-movement-sparks-massive-protests/31079. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Barreau du Québec (2013). Regard du Barreau du Québec sur l’Etat de Droit 2012 Bilan des Interventions, http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/publications/2013-etat-droit.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 15/04/2015.
Bégin-Caoutte O ve Jones G. A (2014). Student organizations in Canada and Quebec’s ‘Maple Spring’. Studies in Higher Education, 39(3), 412-425.
Bernston J (2014). Marching to a Different Drum: The Casserole Protests of the Québec Student Movement, 2011-2012, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ottoawa Ontario: Carleton University.
Bianet (18/05/2012). Québec’te Anti-Öğrenci Yasası. http://www.bianet.org/bianet/genclik/138452-quebec-te-anti-ogrenci-yasasi. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
Brockett C (1993). A Protest-Cycle Resolution Of The Repression/Popular-Protest Paradox, Social Science History, 17 (3), 457-484.
Calafati L (2013). Understanding The Return Of Violent Protest Policing In Europe: Some Reflections Provoked By The Italian Case, MA Term Papers, http://www.sussex. ac.uk/anthropology/pgstudy/termpapers. Son erişim tarihi, 11.4.2015.
Chouinard T (2012). Line Beauchamp Démissionne. La Presse, 14 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
CLASSE (2012). “Share our future: The CLASSE Manifesto”. http://www.stopthehike.ca/2012/07/share-our-future-the-classe-manifesto. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
CLASSE (2013). “Historique des grèves generals”.http://www. bloquonslahausse.com/verslagreve/historique-des-greves-generales.Son erişim tarihi, 09.04.2015.
Combes H ve Fillieule O (2011). De La Répression Considerée Dans Ses Rapports à L’Activité Protestataire, Revue Française de Science Politique, 61, 1047-1072.
Corbeil M (2012). La Loi Spéciale sur la Grève Etudiante Adoptée. La Presse, 18 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 11/04/2015.
Côté-Ostiguy, C. (2012). Speak Red. Amy Mm (Çev.) http://www.quebecprotest.com/post/23632403200/speak-red-bycatherine-cote-ostiguy-translated. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Cox L (2013), Eppue Si Muove: Thinking ‘The Social Movement’, İçinde: C Barker vd. (der.), Marxism and Social Movements, Boston: Brill, 125-146.
Dale T (1984). Jean Lesage and the Quiet Revolution, Toronto: Macmillan. Davenport C (2007). State Repression and Political Order, Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 1-23.
Della Porta D ve Reiter H (1998). The Policing of Protest in Western Democracies. İçinde: D Della Porta ve H Reiter (der). The Policing of Mass Demonstrations in Contemporary Democracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1-34.
Della Porta D ve Fillieule O (2004). Policing Social Protest. İçinde: D A Snow, S A Soule ve H Kriesi (der). The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, Oxford: Blackwell, 217-41.
Della Porta D (2008). Research on Social Movements and Political Violence, Qual Sociol, 31, 221-230.
Della Porta D ve Zamponi L (2013). Protest and Policing on October 15th Global Day of Action: the Italian Case, Policing and Society, 23 (1), 65-80.
Duchaine G (2012). Blessure: Francis Grenier Poursuivra la Ville de Montréal. La Presse, 8 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 12/04/2015.
Dupuis-Déri F (2010). La Répression Policière, Encore et Toujours. İçinde: V Serge (der). Ce Que Tout Révolutionnaire Doit Savoir De La Répression, Montreal: Lux.
The Economist (02/06/2014). The Digital Degree,http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21605899-staid-higher-education-business-about-experience-welcomeearthquake-digital. Son erişim tarihi, 15/04/2015.
Ergut F (2001). Polis Çalışmaları İçin Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 34 (1), 59-78.
Ergut F (2012). Modern Devlet ve Polis Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Toplumsal Denetimin Diyalektiği. (2. Baskı), İstanbul: İletişim.
Giroux H A (28.08.2012). Days of Rage: The Quebec Student Protest Movement and the New Social Awakening, Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/11040-thequebec-student-protest-movement-and-the-power-of-the-radical-imagination. Son erişim tarihi, 01.04.2015.
Hardt M. ve Negri A (2012). Duyuru. Çev. A Yılmaz, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Hetland G ve Goodwin J (2013). The Strange Dissappearance of Capitalism from Social Movement Studies. İçinde: C Barker vd. (der), Marxism and Social Movements, Boston: Brill, 83-102.
Hirsch, J (2011) Materyalist Devlet Teorisi: Kapitalist Devletler Sisteminin Dönüşüm Süreçleri, Çev. Şule Daldal, İstanbul: Alan Yayınları.
INCLO (Interntional Network Of Civil Liberties Organizations) (2013). Take Back The Streets Repression And Criminalization Of Protest Around The World, https://www. aclu.org/files/assets/global_protest_suppression_report_inclo.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Jessop B (1990). State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Jessop B (2009). Kapitalist Devletin Geleceği, Çev. A Özcan. Ankara: Epos Yayınları.
Legault J (11.02.2015). Abus Policiers et Silence Politique.Journal de Montreal. http:// www.journaldemontreal.com/2015/02/10/abus-policiers-et-silence-politique. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Luckas M (2012). Quebec Student Protests Mark ‘Maple Spring‘ in Canada. The Guardian UK, 2 Mayıs. Son erişim tarihi, 10/04/2015.
Marshall A G (2012). “The Maple Spring: Ten Things You Should Know About the Quebec Student Movement”, http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/05/23/10-thingsyou-should-know-about-the-quebec-student-movement. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys (NACBA) (7.2.2012). The Student Loan ‘Debt Bomb’:America’s Next Mortgage-Style Economic Crisis? http://nacba.org/Portals/0/Documents/Student%20Loan%20Debt/020712%20NACBA%20student%20loan%20debt%20report.pdf. Son erişim tarihi, 10.4.2015.
Necleous M (2011). ‘O Effeminacy! Effeminacy!’ War, Masculinity and the Myth of Liberal Peace, European Journal of International Relations, 19 (1), 93-113.
Neocleous M (2012). Toplumsal Düzenin İnşası Polis Erkinin Eleştirel Teorisi. Çev. A Bekmen. İstanbul: H20 Kitap.
Nilsen A G ve Cox L (2013). What Would a Marxist Theory of Social Movements Look Like?. İçinde: C Barker vd. (der), Marxism and Social Movements. Boston: Brill, 63-82.
Pavlova R (2013). The Maple Spring The Impact on Free Expression in Québec, CJFE, https://cjfe.org/resources/features/maple-spring-impact-free-expression-Québec Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Poulantzas N (2001). The Poulantzas Reader: Marxism, Law and the State. İçinde: J Martin (der). NewYork&London:Verso.
Remes J (2013). Introduction to ‘Share Our Future: The CLASSE Manifesto’, All About Mentoring, 42, 114-118.http://www.academia.edu/2399470/Introduction_to_Share_Our_Future_The_CLASSE_Manifesto_. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Rocher F (2012). The Evolving Parameters of Quebec Nationalism, International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 4 (1), 1-21.
Savard O T (2013). Fracture Politique, Lois Liberticides et Kermesse Policière: Essaie Sur La Répression Du “Printemps Erable”, Possibles, 36 (2), 160-175.
Schmitt M N (1992). State-Sponsored Assasination in International and Domestic Law, Yale Journal of International Law, 17 (2), 609-613.
Seri G (2009), Police Discretion as Unwritten Law: Governing the State of Exception, İçinde: R Kalyani (der). Police Discretion and Law, Hyderabad: AMICUS, ICFAI University.
Solty I (2012). Canada’s Maple Spring: From the Québec Student Strike to the Movement Against Neoliberalism”, http://www.globalresearch.ca/canadas-maple-spring-fromthe-québec-student-strike-to-the-movement-against-neoliberalism/5317452?print=1. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Tadros M (2011). The Politics of Unruly Ruptures, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BE6B5/(httpNews)/6CACEA99340950AAC125795D00581C33?OpenDocument. Son erişim tarihi, 15.04.2015.
Uysal A (2001). Devletin Güvenliği ve Toplumsal Muhalefet Eylemleri: “Kalemli Çete Örneği”, Birikim, 146, 64-84.
Uzun B (2013). Kayıp Bir Kuşak Mı, Genç Olmaktan Kaynaklanan Deneyimler Üzerinden Aktivizmin Yeniden İnşası mı?: Québec Öğrenci Grevi ve Yeni Gençlik Siyaset(ler)i. Birikim, 287, 87-96.
Wacquant L (2010). Crafting the Neoliberal State: Workfare, Prisonfare, and Social Insecurity, Sociological Forum, 25 (2), 197-220.
Wacquant L (2012). Three Steps to a Historical Anthropology of Actually Existing Neoliberalism’, Social Anthropology, 20(1), 66-79.
Westley A W (1953). Violence and the Police, American Journal of Sociology, 59, 34-41.
Winter M (1998). Police Philosophy and Protest Policing in the Federal Republic of Germany 1960-1990. İçinde: D Della Porta ve H Reiter (der). The Policing of Mass Demonstrations in Contemporary Democracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 188-212.
Yalçıntaş A (2014). Gençlik Hareketinin “Garip”leri: Koordinasyon ve Gezi, Marjinaliz Bağımsız Öğrenci Dergisi,1, 1-5.

There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Makale /Articles
Authors	Onur Ağkaya Ayfer Genç Yılmaz
Publication Date	June 20, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2015 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Ağkaya, O., & Genç Yılmaz, A. (2015). Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi, 39(2), 147-178.
AMA	Ağkaya O, Genç Yılmaz A. Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. June 2015;39(2):147-178.
Chicago	Ağkaya, Onur, and Ayfer Genç Yılmaz. “Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş Ve Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi 39, no. 2 (June 2015): 147-78.
EndNote	Ağkaya O, Genç Yılmaz A (June 1, 2015) Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi 39 2 147–178.
IEEE	O. Ağkaya and A. Genç Yılmaz, “Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet”, Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 147–178, 2015.
ISNAD	Ağkaya, Onur - Genç Yılmaz, Ayfer. “Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş Ve Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi 39/2 (June 2015), 147-178.
JAMA	Ağkaya O, Genç Yılmaz A. Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2015;39:147–178.
MLA	Ağkaya, Onur and Ayfer Genç Yılmaz. “Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş Ve Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, 2015, pp. 147-78.
Vancouver	Ağkaya O, Genç Yılmaz A. Québec’in Baharı: Neoliberalizm, Direniş ve Devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2015;39(2):147-78.

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