Baroniçeler, Kuryeler, Panterler: Yasadışı Psikoaktif Madde Trafiğinde Kadınların Rolleri ve Temsilleri

Year 2023, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 771 - 792, 15.03.2023

Onur Ağkaya

Abstract

Yasadışı psikoaktif maddelerin üretimi, dağıtılması ve pazarlanmasının artan etkileri ve popüler kültürdeki sunumları, küresel ve yerel siyasette ve akademik çalışmalarda her geçen gün daha görünür hâle gelmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, bu maddelerin trafiğinin farklı aşamalarında ve şebekelerde kadınlara biçilen roller ve kadınların temsillerinin anlaşılması da hem pratikte hem de akademik yazında daha çok önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, kadınların, yasadışı psikoaktif madde trafiğinin farklı aşamalarında genellikle küçümseme ya da abartma arasında salınan rollerine ve temsillerine sanat eserleri, etnografik, antropolojik kaynaklar ve araştırmacı gazetecilik çalışmaları üzerinden odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada, yasadışı psikoaktif madde trafiği şebekelerinde en alt kademeden lider konumundaki kadınlara odaklanan literatür ve popüler kültürdeki sunumlar üzerinden, kadınların rolleri ve temsilleri analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada, kadınların rolleri ve konumları, tarihsel-sosyolojik bir perspektifle faydalanılarak tartışılmaktadır. Buna göre, çalışmada, kadınların, daha çok, trafiğin alt basamakları olan üretim, dağıtım ve pazarlama aşamalarında rol aldığı; ancak, nadiren de olsa daha üst kademeler olan şiddet uzmanlığı ve en üst mertebe olan liderlik konumuna da yükseldikleri savunulmuştur. Buna göre, bu yöndeki çalışmaların; kadınların trafikteki ve şebekelerdeki durumunu, kendi kararlarını kendileri alamayan, edilgen ve kurban aktörler ve bunun da karşısında, kadınların kendi kararlarını kendileri alan, risklerin farkında olan ve rasyonel, etkin aktörler olduğunu savunan örnekler olmak üzere ikiye bölündüğü ortaya konulmuştur. Vaka analizi sonucunda ise, kadınların, 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren, Meksika’da, trafiğin liderlik de dahil birçok aşamasında rol sahibi olduğu ve bu durumun, birer açık sır olarak kabul gördüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, hem trafiğin kendi yapısı hem trafiğe dair söylemler hem de trafikle mücadele, ataerkil normlar ve pratikler üzerinden şekillenmiş; kadınların rol ve temsilleri de bunlardan etkilenmiş, faal olarak şebeke liderliği yapan kadınlar dahi kendilerini geri planda tutmaya dikkat etmişlerdir. Bu şekilde, küresel yasadışı madde trafiğindeki kritik konumları sebebiyle merkezine Meksika ve Kolombiya’daki yasadışı psikoaktif madde trafiği şebekelerini ve bunların eylemlerini alan çalışma, konuya dair Türkçe yazındaki göreceli boşluğa da katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Cinsiyet Çalışmaları, Yasadışı Psikoaktif Madde Trafiği, Uyuşturucu Trafiği, Kadınların Rolü ve Temsili, Latin Amerika.

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