Edebiyat ve Tarih Dünyasından Fizyoloji ve Tıp Alanındaki Nobel Ödülüne: Eric Richard Kandel

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 01.01.2018

Leyla Şahin , Neriman Ezgin Özge Selin Çevik

Abstract

Eric Richard Kandel 7 Kasım, 1929 Viyana‘da dünyaya geldi. Sigmund Freud'dan aldığı motivasyonla; psikanaliz, bilinç kaybı,
öğrenme ve bellek biyolojisine derin bir ilgi duydu ve Harvard Üniversitesi’nde edebiyat ve tarih eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra
1952’de New York Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’ne başladı. Amacı; algıyı, hareketi, hissetmeyi, düşünceyi ve anıların nasıl hatırlandığını,
zihnin işleyiş mekanizmasını anlamaktı. Bu nedenle Columbia Üniversitesi'nde nöroloji profesörü olan Harry Grundfest'in
laboratuvarında sinir sistemi çalıştı. Kandel, anılarımızın sinir hücreleri tarafından nasıl depolandığını inceledi. Aplysia Californica’nın
öğrenme mekanizmasında kimyasal sinyallerin, sinapsların yapısını değiştirdiğini keşfetti. Kısa süreli ve uzun süreli anıların, farklı
sinyallerle oluştuğunu açıklamak için deneylerini sürdürdü. "Sinir sisteminde sinyal iletimi ile ilgili keşifleri"nden dolayı 2000 yılında
Nobel Fizyoloji ve Tıp Ödülü’ne layık görüldü.
Kandel’in çalışmaları sadece fizyolojik bir soruyu cevaplamakla kalmamış sonraki pek çok multidisipliner çalışmanın da temelini
oluşturmuştur. Bu nedenle gelecekteki araştırmalara ışık tutan bu bilim insanının tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır.
Kandel, hala Columbia Üniversitesi'nde profesördür. Howard Hughes Tıp Enstitüsü’nde araştırmalarına devam ettirmektedir.
Nörobiyoloji ve Davranış Merkezi'nin kurucuları arasındadır. Fransa, Avusturya, Yunanistan, Almanya Ulusal Bilim Akademileri ve
ABD Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi’nin bir üyesidir. Kandel, 20’nin üzerinde onursal derece almıştır. Bilimin yanı sıra sanatla da
ilgilenmekte ve kitapları yayınlanmaktadır. Belleğin Peşinde: Yeni Bir Zihin Biliminin Doğuşu adlı kitabı, 2006 Los Angeles Times Kitap
ve Bilim Ödülü'ne layık görülmüştür

Keywords

Aplysia Californica, Eric Richard Kandel, Öğrenme ve Bellek

From the All World of Letters and History to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Eric R. Kandel

Abstract

Eric Richard Kandel arrived in Vienna on November 7, 1929. With the motivation of Sigmund Freud; he had interest towards psychoanalysis, loss of consciousness, learning and memory biology, and after completing his literature and history studies at Harvard University, he started the New York University Medical Faculty in 1952. His aimed to understand the mechanism of perception, movement, emotion, thought, memories and mind. That's why he worked the nervous system in the laboratory of Harry Grundfest, professor of neurology at Columbia University. Kandel studied how our memories are stored by nerve cells. He discovered that in the Aplysia Californica's learning mechanism, chemical signals changed the structure of synapses. He continued his experiments to explain that short-lived term and long-lived term memories were caused by different signals. In 2000, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine “for his discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”. His studies have solved not only physiological questions, but also have been the basis for many subsequent multidisciplinary workshops. For this reason, we aimed to introduce the precious scientist who lead the future researches. Kandel is still a professor at Columbia University. He is continuing his researches at Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is among the founders of the Neurobiology and Behavior Center. He is a member of France, Austria, Greece, Germany, the National Academies of Sciences and the US National Academy of Sciences. Kandel has received an honorary degree above 20. Kandel is interested in art as well as science, and his books are published.

Keywords

Aplysia Californica, Eric Richard Kandel, Learning and Memory

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