Ülkemiz Kültür Bitkilerinden Persea americana Mill. (Avokado) ve Tıbbi Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 31.01.2020

Ömerül Faruk Tavlı , Esra Eroğlu Özkan

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.622300

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Persea
americana meyveleri (avokado), 1500’lü yılların
başlarına kadar sadece Amerika yerlileri tarafından tüketilirken, Amerika
Kıtası’nın keşfiyle Avrupa tarafından tanınmış, sonrasında tüm dünyaya
yayılmıştır. Ülkemizde, meyvelerin besin olarak tüketiminin yaygınlaşması ve
ticari önem kazanması son yıllarda artış göstermiştir, ancak bitkinin kültüre
alınması 1980’li yıllara dayanmaktadır. Günümüzde, özellikle Antalya, Mersin ve
Hatay bölgelerinde P. americana
türünün birkaç varyetesi yetiştirilmektedir. İçerdiği mineraller (özellikle
potasyum), vitaminler (özellikle E ve C vitaminleri), protein, fitosteroller ve
yağ asitleriyle zengin bir kaynak olan avokado üzerinde yapılmış birçok çalışma
bulunmaktadır. Yapılan in vitro çalışmalar, yaprak ekstrelerinin anti-HIV, sitotoksik ve insektisidal  etkiye; çekirdek yağının gastroprotektif, antihelmintik
ve antioksidan etkiye; meyvenin ise antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olduğunu
göstermektedir. Bu çalışma ile P. americana
türünün kimyasal bileşimi, tıbbi etki ve kullanılışı üzerine yapılmış
araştırmaların derlenmesi, Türkiye’de yetişen  varyetelerin
öneminin vurgulanması ve tıbbi potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Elde edilen bulgular Akdeniz bölgemizin toprak ve iklim koşullarının içerik
açısından zengin bitkiler yetişmesine uygun olduğunu, bu bitkinin tıbbi açıdan
değerlendirilmesi için ileri çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Persea americana, kimyasal içeriği, biyolojik aktiviteleri, tarihçesi, etnobotanik kullanılışı, avokado

Medical Evaluation of Persea americana Mill. (Avocado) Cultivated In Turkey

Abstract

Persea americana (Avocado) fruits were consumed by only Native Americans until early
1500’s, while Europe was recognized by the discovery of the America Continent
and then spread all over the world. In Turkey, widespread consumption of the fruits
as nutrients and gaining commercial importance have increased in recent years,
but the cultivation of the plant dates back to the 1980s. Today, several
varieties of Persea americana species
are cultivated, especially in Antalya, Mersin, and Hatay. There are many
studies reveal that avocado is a rich source of minerals (especially
potassium), vitamins (especially vitamins E and C), protein, phytosterols, and
fatty acids. In vitro studies have
shown that the leaf extracts of P.
americana have anti-HIV, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects; the seed oil has
gastroprotective, antihelminthic and, antioxidant effects; the fruit has antibacterial
effect. The study aims that to review the research studies on the chemical composition,
medicinal effect and usage of P. americana,
and also to determine and emphasize the medicinal potential of the cultivated
species in Turkey.The findings of this study indicate that the soil and climatic conditions
of the Mediterranean region are suitable for the growth of P. Americana with rich content, and further studies are
needed for the medical evaluation of this plant.

Keywords

Persea americana, avocado, history, ethnobotanical uses, chemical composition, biological activities

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