Genotoxic Damage in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Exposed to Transport Stress

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 270 - 279, 30.10.2024

Abdulsamed Tunc , Funda Turan , Ayşegül Ergenler

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1506001

Abstract

Transporting live fish is a common technique in the aquaculture industry. This research examined how 3-hour transportation stress affects the micronucleus frequency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The micronucleus test was used to assess micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes. Fish were sampled before (control) and immediately after the 3-hour transport process (t0 group), 6 hours after the transport process (t6 group), 12 hours after the transport process (t12 group), and 24 hours after the transport process (t24). The research found that the greatest MN frequency was substantially detected in the t0 group (p<0.001). Additionally, the nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in the blood samples of t0, t6, and t12 groups are considerably greater (p<0.001) than those in the control group. An important rise in micronucleus frequency was seen following the transportation procedure, followed by a considerable drop at 12 and 24 hours post-departure, but not going back to the initial values. Micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes serve as reliable markers of stressful circumstances in transported fish, as shown by the results.

Keywords

Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish transport, micronucleus test, nuclear abnormalities

References

• Arasu, R., Rajani, B., Anantha, R.A., Manu, P., & Priya, S. (2024). Design of Quality of Experience-based Green Internet Architecture for Smart City. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 14(3), 157-166.
• Carrasco, K. R., Tilbury, K. L., & Myers, M. S. (1990). Assessment of the piscine micronucleus test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47(11), 2123-2136.
• Chandroo, K.P., Cooke, S.J., Mckinley, R.S., & Moccia, R.D. (2005). Use of electromyogram telemetry to assess the behavioural and energetic responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to transportation stress. Aquaculture Research, 36, 1226–1238.
• Dalzochio, T., Goldoni, A., Rodrigues, GZP, Petry, IE, Da Silva, L.B., & Gehlen, G. (2016). Gill histopathology and micronucleus test of Astyanax jacuhiensis (Cope, 1894) (Teleostei, Characidae) to evaluate effects caused by acute exposure to aluminum. Biothemes, 29(1), 75-83.
• Du, F., Xu, G., Gao, J., Nie, Z., Xu, P., & Gu, R. (2016). Transport‐induced changes in hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis gene expression and oxidative stress responses in C oilia nasus. Aquaculture Research, 47(11), 3599-3607.
• Ergenler, A., & Turan, F. (2023). DNA Damage in Fish Due to Pesticide Pollution. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 8(3), 195-201.
• Faught, E., & Vijayan, M. M. (2016). Mechanisms of cortisol action in fish hepatocytes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 199, 136-145.
• Herbert, N. A., & Steffensen, J. F. (2005). The response of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, to progressive hypoxia: fish swimming speed and physiological stress. Marine Biology, 147(6), 1403-1412.
• Javed, M., Ahmad, I., Ahmad, A., Usmani, N., & Ahmad, M. (2016). Studies on the alterations in haematological indices, micronuclei induction and pathological marker enzyme activities in Channa punctatus (spotted snakehead) perciformes, channidae exposed to thermal power plant effluent. SpringerPlus, 5, 1-9.
• Kamshilova, T. B., Mikryakov, V. R., & Mikryakov, D. V. (2013). The effect of a cortisol analogue and transport stress on the frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in erythrocytes of the peripheral blood of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L. Inland Water Biology, 6, 169-170.
• Keleștemur, G. T., & Özdemir, Y. (2010). Effect of low oxygen level on some blood parameter levels of fry rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792). Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 4(4), 310-317.
• Liang, F., Li, C., Hou, T., Wen, C., Kong, S., Ma, D., & Li, S. (2020). Effects of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate supplement on non-specific immunity, aquaculture water, intestinal histology and microbiota of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Marine Drugs, 18(8), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18080419
• Lushchak, V. I. (2016). Contaminant-induced oxidative stress in fish: a mechanistic approach. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 42, 711-747.
• Luz, R. K., & Favero, G. C. (2024). Use of Salt, Anesthetics, and Stocking Density in Transport of Live Fish: A Review. Fishes, 9(7), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070286
• Martins, K. V. B., Silva, S. B., Da Silva Cardoso, A. J., Salaro, A. L., Ferreira, P. D. M. F., Freitas, M. B., & Zuanon, J. A. S. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of clove oil and common salt in the long-term transport of Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture, 583, 740532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740532.
• Morgenroth, D., Kvaestad, B., Økland, F., Finstad, B., Olsen, R. E., Svendsen, E., & Gräns, A. (2024). Under the sea: How can we use heart rate and accelerometers to remotely assess fish welfare in salmon aquaculture?. Aquaculture, 579, 740144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740144.
• OIE. (World Health Animal Organization) (2015). Welfare of Farmed Fish during Transport. OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code, 2nd ed.; World organization for animal health: Paris, France, 1–4.
• Paixão, P. E. G., Santos, C. C. M., Madi, R. R., Abe, H. A., Do Couto, M. V. S., Santos, H. L., & Fujimoto, R. Y. (2024). Acclimation procedure: a neglected good management practice to mitigate post-transport stress in fish. Aquaculture International, 1-23.
• Pollock, M. S., Clarke, L. M. J., & Dubé, M. G. (2007). The effects of hypoxia on fishes: from ecological relevance to physiological effects. Environmental Reviews, 15(NA), 1-14.
• Refaey, M. M., & Li, D. (2018). Transport stress changes blood biochemistry, antioxidant defense system, and hepatic HSPs mRNA expressions of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1628. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01628.
• Robles, T., Alcarria, R., De Andrés, D.M., De la Cruz, M.N., Calero, R., Iglesias, S., & Lopez, M. (2015). An IoT based reference architecture for smart water management processes. Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications, 6(1), 4-23.
• Sampaio, F. D., & Freire, C. A. (2016). An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4), 1055-1072.
• Schreck, C. B., & Tort, L. (2016). The concept of stress in fish. In Fish physiology. Academic Press, 35, 1-34.
• Shabani, F., Erikson, U., Beli, E., & Rexhepi, A. (2016). Live transport of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and subsequent live storage in market: Water quality, stress and welfare considerations. Aquaculture, 453, 110-115.
• Sopinka, N. M., Donaldson, M. R., O’Connor, C. M., Suski, C. D., & Cooke, S. J. (2016). Stress indicators in fish. In Fish physiology, Academic Press, 35, 405-462.
• Suljić, N., & Kovčić, O. (2018). Analysis of Time Oscillations of Water on Lake Modric as a Multi-Purpose Reservoir. Archives for Technical Sciences, 1(18), 31–40.
• Turan, F., & Ergenler, A. (2021a). DNA Damage in Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) Exposed to Short-Transport Process. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6(3), 190-196.
• Turan, F., & Ergenler, A. (2021c). The Effect of Transport Process on The Mıcronucleı Frequency In Erythrocytes of the Common Carp Cyprınus carpıo L., Turkey, Full Text Paper, EJONS 12th Internatıonal Conference on Mathematıcs, Engıneerıng, Natural & Medıcal Scıences, 124-128.
• Turan, F., & Turgut, M. (2020). The Effect of Leonardite as Feed Additive on Growth of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(3), 184-191.
• Turan, F., Ganpolat, E., & Aygen, U. (2016b). Effect of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) extract on growth of the African catfısh, Clarias gariepınus (Burchell, 1822). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(2), 489-492.
• Vijayakumar, P., Sivasubramaniyan, G., & Saraswati Rao, M. (2019). Bibliometric Analysis of Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine (2014 – 2018). Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 9(1), 122–127.
• Yang, S., Chen, Q., Zhang, C., Miao, Y., Feng, L., Tan, C., & Du, X. (2024). The dynamic response of HPI axis to two different transport modes in Acipenser baerii, Acipenser schrenckii and its hybrids (A. baerii♀× A. schrenckii♂). Aquaculture, 579, 740146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740146
• Yarahmadi, P., Miandare, H. K., Fayaz, S., & Caipang, C. M. A. (2016). Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress-and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & Shellfish İmmunology, 48, 43-53.
• Zhao, J., Zhu, Y., He, Y., Chen, J., Feng, X., Li, X., & Yang, D. (2014). Effects of temperature reduction and MS‐222 on water quality and blood biochemistry in simulated transport experiment of largemouth bronze gudgeon, Coreius guichenoti. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 45(5), 493-507.