Endodontide Blue-wire ve Gold-wire Teknolojisi ile Üretilen Yeni Nesil Nikel Titanyum Eğeler

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 30 - 37, 29.04.2022

Ali Türkyılmaz , Erhan Mert Çetin

Abstract

Kök kanal tedavisinin başarısı, birçok değişkenle ilişkili olmakla beraber en önemli unsurlarından biri kök kanalının genişletilme işlemidir. Yumuşak dokuların, nekrotik pulpal artıkların ve bakteri toksinlerinin kök kanalın içinden tamamen uzaklaştırılması için günümüzde nikel titanyum (NiTi) alaşımdan üretilen kanal aletleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. NiTi eğelerin süperelastik ve şekil hafızası özelliği sayesinde kök kanal anatomisine zarar vermeden uygun şekillendirme yapılması mümkündür. Son yıllarda NiTi endodontik aletlerin mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmek için metalürjik üretim aşamasında; yüzey bitirme teknikleri ve termomekanik işlemler ile dayanıklılıklarının artırılması için çalışılmaktadır. NiTi alaşımlarda kullanılan iyileştirme teknikleri gelişim süreci; Elektropolishing, M-wire, R-faz, CM wire, Blue wire-Gold wire, EDM (Elektriksel Discharge Machining) ve Max wire olarak sıralanabilir. NiTi endodontik eğelerin yorulma direnci, NiTi alaşımların geçiş sıcaklıklarının ayarlanması ve mikroyapı fazlarının oranları ve özelliklerinin değiştirilmesi ile düzenlenmektedir. Bu derlemede termomekanik yüzey işlemlerine tabi tutulan Blue wire ve Gold wire NiTi alaşımdan üretilmiş döner eğelerin özellikleri üzerinde durulmuş, avantaj ve dezavantajları göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Blue wire, Gold wire, Nikel-titanyum

New Generation Nickel Titanium Instruments Produced with Blue-wire and Gold-wire Technology in Endodontics

Abstract

Although the success of root canal treatment is related to many variables, one of the most important elements is the enlargement of the root canal. Today, canal instruments made of nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy are frequently used for the complete removal of soft tissues, necrotic pulpal residues and bacterial toxins from the root canal. Thanks to the superelastic and shape memory feature of NiTi files, proper shaping is possible without damaging the root canal anatomy. In recent years, in the metallurgical production stage to improve the mechanical properties of NiTi endodontic instruments; Surface finishing techniques and thermomechanical processes are used to increase their durability. The improvement techniques used in NiTi alloys in the development process can be listed as electropolishing, M-wire, R-phase, CM wire, Blue wire-Gold wire, EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) and Max wire. The fatigue resistance of NiTi endodontic files is regulated by adjusting the transition temperatures of NiTi alloys and changing the ratios and properties of the microstructure phases. In this review, the properties of rotary files made of Blue wire and Gold wire NiTi alloy, which are subjected to thermomechanical surface treatments, are emphasized and examined by considering their advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords

Blue wire, Gold wire, Nikel-titanyum

References

• 1. Buehler WJ, Gilfrich JV, Wiley RC. Effect of low-temperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition NiTi. J Appl Phys. 1963;34:1475-7.
• 2. Yoneyama T, Kobayashi C. Endodontic instruments for root canal treatment using Ni–Ti shape memory alloys. In: Yoneyama T,Kobayashi C. editors. Shape memory alloys for biomedical applications. St Louis; Elsevier: 2009. p. 297-305
• 3. Brantley WA. Introduction of nickel-titanium alloy to endodontics. In: Ingle JL, Bakland LK editors. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p.800-13
• 4. Zupanc J, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E. New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys–a review. Int Endod J. 2018;51:1088–103.
• 5. T. Saburi. Ni-Ti shape memory alloys. In:Wayman CM, Otsuka K, editors. Shape memory materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. p. 49-93
• 6. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14:346–51.
• 7. Hülsmann M, Peters OA, Dummer PM. Mechanical preparation of root canals: shaping goals, techniques and means. Endod Topics. 2005;10:30-76.
• 8. Svec TA. Endodontics instruments and armamentarium c. Instruments for cleaning and shaping. In: Ingle JL, Bakland LK editors. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 813–48.
• 9. Glosson CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, Carlos EA. comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21:146–51.
• 10. Dietz DB, Di Fiore PM, Bahcall JK, Lautenschlager EP. Effect of rotational speed on the breakage of nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod. 2000;26:68–71.
• 11. Peters OA, Peters CI. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM editors. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2006. p. 290–310.
• 12. Fishelberg G, Pawluk JW. Nickel-titanium rotary-file canal preparation and intracanal file separation. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2004;25:17–8.
• 13. Thompson SA. An overview of nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry. Int Endod J. 2000;33:297–310
• 14. Alapati SB, Brantley WA, Iijima M, Clark WAT, Kovarik L, Buie C, Liu J, Johnson WB. Metallurgical characterization of a new nickel-titanium wire for rotary endodontic instruments. J Endod. 2009;35:1589-93.
• 15. Brantley WA, Svec TA, Iijima M, Powers JM, Grentzer TH. Differential scanning calorimetric studies of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments after simulated clinical use. J Endod. 2002;28:774–8.
• 16. Krell KV. Endodontic Instruments. In: Gulabivala K, Ng YL editors. Endodontics. Elsevier: Mosby; 2009. p. 204-15.
• 17. Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Root canal instrumentation. 3th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2018. 100p.
• 18. Haapasalo M, ShenY. Evolution of nickel–titanium instruments: from past to future. Endod Topics. 2013;29:3–17.
• 19. Miao W, Mi X, Wang X, LI H. Electropolishing parameters of NiTi alloy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2006;16:130–2.
• 20. Gavini G, Santos M, Caldeira C, Machado M, Freire LG, Iglecias EF, Peters OA, Candeiro GT. Nickel–titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32:12-22.
• 21. Hou XM, Yahata Y, Hayashi Y, Ebihara A, Hanawa T, Suda H. Phase transformation behaviour and bending property of twisted nickel–titanium endodontic instruments. Int Endod J. 2011;44:253–8.
• 22. Shen Y, Qian W, Abtin H, Gao Y, Haapasalo M. Fatigue testing of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2011;37:997–1001.
• 23. Shen Y, Hieawy A, Huang X, Wang Z, Maezono H, Haapasalo M. Fatigue resistance of a 3-dimensional conforming nickel-titanium rotary instrument in double curvatures. J Endod. 2016;42:961–4.
• 24. Bojorque B, Marloth RT, Es-Said OS. Formation of a crater in the workpiece on an electrical discharge machine. Eng Fail Anal. 2002;9:93–7.
• 25. Daneshmand S, Kahrizi EF, Abedi E, Abdolhosseini MM. Influence of machining parameters on electro discharge machining of NiTi shape memory alloys. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2013;8:3095–104.
• 26. Singh S, Maheshwari S, Pandey PC. Some investigations into the electric discharge machining of hardened tool steel using different electrode materials. J Mater Process Technol. 2004;149:272–7.
• 27. Pirani C, Iacono F, Sassatelli P, Nucci C, Lusvarghi L, Gandolfi G, Prati C. HyFlex EDM: superficial features, metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of innovative electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2016;49:483–93.
• 28. Gao Y, Gutmann JL, Wilkinson K, Maxwell R, Ammon D. Evaluation of the impact of raw materials on the fatigue and mechanical properties of ProFile Vortex rotary instruments. J Endod. 2012;38:398–401.
• 29. Adıgüzel M, Capar ID. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne and WaveOne Gold small, primary, and large instruments. J Endod. 2017;43:623–7.
• 30. Elnaghy AM, Elsaka SE. Shaping ability of ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Universal files by using cone-beam computed tomography. Ind J Dent Res. 2016;27:37.
• 31. Silva EJNL, Muniz BL, Pires F, Belladonna FP, Neves AA, Souza EM, De-Deus G. Comparison of canal transportation in simulated curved canals prepared with ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Gold systems. Restor Dent Endod. 2016;41:1–5.
• 32. Duque JA, Vıvan RR, Cavenago BC, Amoroso-Sılva PA, Berbardes RA, de Vasconcelos BC, Duarte MAH. Influence of NiTi alloy on the root canal shaping capabilities of the ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Gold rotary instrument systems. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017;25:27–33.
• 33. Pinheiro SR, Alcalde MP, Vivacqua Gomes N, Bramente CM, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, Vasconcelos BC. Evaluation of apical transportation and centring ability of five thermally treated NiTi rotary systems. Int Endod J. 2018;51:705–13.
• 34. Plotino G, Grande NM, Cotti E, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Blue treatment enhances cyclic fatigue resistance of vortex nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod. 2014;40:1451–3.
• 35. Vortex blue rotary files. Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021, https://www.dentsplysirona.com/content/dam/master/regions-countries/north-america/product-procedure-brand/endodontics/product-categories/files-motors-lubricants/rotary-and-reciprocating-files/vortex-blue/documents/END-Step-By-Step-Vortex-Blue-Rotary-Files-EN.pdf
• 36. VortexBlue®properties. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2021, https://www.dentsplysirona.com/content/dam/dentsply/pim/manufacturer/Endodontics/Glide_Path__Shaping/Rotary__Reciprocating_Files/Shaping/Vortex_Blue_Rotary_Files/Vortex Blue_Tip Card_EN.pdf. Published 2012.
• 37. Yared G. Reciproc blue: the new generation of reciprocation. G Ital Endod. 2017;31:96–101.
• 38. Reciproc blue system. Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2021, https://www.vdw dental.com/en/products/detail/reciproc-blue-instruments/.
• 39. De-Deus G, Moreira EJL, Lopes HP, Elias CN. Extended cyclic fatigue life of F2 ProTaper instruments used in reciprocating movement. Int Endod J. 2010;43:1063–8.
• 40. You SY, Bae KS, Baek SH, Kum KY, Shon WJ, Lee WC. Lifespan of one nickel-titanium rotary file with reciprocating motion in curved root canals. J Endod. 2010;36:1991–4.
• 41. Plotino G, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating instruments. Int Endod J. ;2012;45:614–8.
• 42. Liu R, Hou BX, Wesselink PR, Wu MK, Shemesh. H. The incidence of root microcracks caused by 3 different single-file systems versus the ProTaper system. J Endod. 2013;39:1054-6.
• 43. Shen Y, Qian W, Abtin H, Gao Y, Haapasalo M. Effect of environment on fatigue failure of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2012;38:376–80.
• 44. ProTaper Gold rotary files. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2021, https://www.dentsplysirona.com/content/dam/master/product-procedure-brand-categories/endodontics/product-categories/files-motors-lubricants/rotary-files/protaper-gold/documents/END-Brochure-ProTaper-Gold-web.pdf
• 45. Blum JY, Machtou P, Ruddle C, Micallef JP. Analysis of mechanical preparations in extracted teeth using ProTaper rotary instruments: value of the safety quotient. J Endod. 2003;29:567–75.
• 46. Berutti E, Negro AR, Lendini M, Pasqualini D. Influence of manual preflaring and torque on the failure rate of ProTaper rotary instruments. J Endod. 2004;30:228–30.
• 47. Ruddle CJ. Single-file shaping technique: achieving a gold medal result. Dent Today. 2016;35:1–7.
• 48. Alcalde MP, Duarte MAH, Bramante CM, de Vasconselos BC, Filho MT, Tonomaru JMG, Pinto JC, Vivan RR. Cyclic fatigue and torsional strength of three different thermally treated reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22:1865–71.
• 49. Van der Vyver PJ, Vorster M. WaveOne® Gold reciprocating instruments: clinical application in the private practice: Part 1. Int Dent. 2017;7:6-19
• 50. Webber J. Shaping canals with confidence: WaveOne GOLD single-file reciprocating system. Int Dent S Afr. 2015;6:34–40.
• 51. de Menezes SEAC, Batista SM, Lira JOP, de Melo Monteiro GQ. Cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold, ProDesign R and ProDesign Logic files in curved canals in vitro. Iran Endod J. 2017;12:468.
• 52. Yared G. Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. Int Endod J. 2008;41:339–44.
• 53. Plotino G, Ahmed HMA, Grande NM, Cohen S, Bukiet F. Current assessment of reciprocation in endodontic preparation: a comprehensive review—part II: properties and effectiveness. J Endod. 2015;41:1939–50.
• 54. De-Deus G, Silva EJNL, Vieira VTL, Belladonna FGB, Elias CN, Plotino G, Grande NM. Blue thermomechanical treatment optimizes fatigue resistance and flexibility of the Reciproc files. J Endod 2017;43:462–6.
• 55. Keskin C, Inan U, Demiral M, Keleş A. Cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Blue, Reciproc, and WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments. J Endod. 2017;43:1360–3.
• 56. Plotino G, Grande NM, Bellido MM, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Influence of temperature on cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Universal rotary files. J Endod. 2017;43:200–2.
• 57. Plotino G, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Gambarini G, Castagnola R, Rossetti A, Ozyürek T, Cordaro M, Fortunato L. Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue nickel-titanium reciprocating files at different environmental temperatures. J Endod. 2018;44:1549–52.
• 58. Vieira TM, Cardoso RM,Alves NC, de Menezes SEA, Batista SM, Silva SA, Velozo C, Albuquerque DS, Monteiro GQ. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Blue Heat-Treated Instruments at Different Temperatures. Int J Biomaterials. 2021;23:33-9
• 59. Gündoğar M, Özyürek T. Cyclic fatigue resistance of OneShape, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold, and Reciproc Blue nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod. 2017;43:1192-6. 60. Lopes WSP, Vieria VTL, Silva EJN, Dias PR, Lopes HP,Elias CN.. Mechanical properties of reciprocating thermally treated NiTi endodontic instruments. Brazil J Dev. 2021;88:149–62.
• 61. Cheung GSP, Zhang EW, Zheng YFA numerical method for predicting the bending fatigue life of NiTi and stainless steel root canal instruments. Int Endod J. 2011;44:357–61.
• 62. Keskin C, Demiral M, Sarıyılmaz E. Comparison of the shaping ability of novel thermally treated reciprocating instruments. Restor Dent Endod. 2018;43
• 63. Silva RV, Alcalde MP, Horta MC, Rodrigues CT, Silveira FF, Duarte MA, Nunes A. . Root canal shaping of curved canals by Reciproc Blue system and Pro Taper Gold: A micro-computed tomographic study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13:112-8
• 64. Kim H, Jeon SJ, Seo MS. Comparison of the canal transportation of ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and TruNatomy in simulated double-curved canals. BMC Oral Health. 2021;33:1–7.
• 65. Elashiry MM, Saber SE, Elashry SH. Apical extrusion of debris after canal shaping with three single-file systems. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:79–83. 66. Al-Dhbaan AA, Al-Omari MA, Mathew ST, Baseer MA. Shaping ability of ProTaper gold and WaveOne gold nickel-titanium rotary file in different canal configurations. Saudi Endod J. 2018;8:202.
• 67. Pereira ESJ, Peixoto IFC, Viana ACD, Oliveira II, Gonzalez BM, Buono VTL, Bahia MGA. Physical and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically treated NiTi wire used in the manufacture of rotary endodontic instruments. Int Endod J. ;2012;45:469–74.
• 68. Bürklein S, Hinschitza K, Dammaschke T, Schäfer E. Shaping ability and cleaning effectiveness of two single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth: Reciproc and WaveOne versus Mtwo and ProTaper. Int End J. 2012;45:449–61.