Periodontal Hastalıklar Erken Doğum ve Düşük Doğum Ağırlığı İçin Bir Risk Faktörü müdür?

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 173 - 178, 27.12.2023

Kübra Ceran Deveci , Metin Çalışır , Mehmet Fatih Deveci , Talip Karaçor

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.74

Abstract

Amaç: Erken doğum ya da düşük doğum ağırlığı, yenidoğan mortalite ve morbiditesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Günümüzde hala etyolojisi tam aydınlatılamayan vakalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2017 Dünya Çalıştayı’nda kabul edilen güncel sınıflama sistemini kullanarak, periodontal hastalıkların olumsuz gebelik sonuçları üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma; takipleri ve doğumları üniversitemizin tıp fakültesi hastanesi kadın hastalıkları ve doğum anabilim dalında gerçekleştirilen, 172 kadın üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Tüm bireylerin demografik özellikleri kaydedildi ve laboratuvar değerleri incelendi. Gebelik haftası < 37 hafta olan ve/veya bebek doğum ağırlığı < 2500 gr. olanlar vaka grubu (n=85) oluşturuken, gebelik haftası ≥ 37 hafta olan ve bebek doğum ağırlığı ≥ 2500 gr. olanlar ise kontrol grubunu (n=87) oluşturdu. Periodontal ve radyografik muayeneleri yapılan tüm bireylerin plak indeksi (Pİ), gingival indeksi (Gİ), sondlamada kanama yüzdesi (SK%), sondlama cep derinliği (SCD) ve klinik ataşman seviyesi (KAS) değerleri ölçüldü ve güncel sınıflama sistemine göre tanı konuldu. Periodontal hastalık ile olumsuz gebelik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için iki grup arasıdna analizler yapıldı.
Bulgular: Vaka grubunda; Pİ, Gİ, SK%, ve SCD değerleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0.001). Vaka grubunda KAS değeri daha yüksek olmasına rağmen fark anlamlı değildi (p=0.058). Vaka grubunda WBC (p=0.020) ve PLT (p<0.001) değerleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak yüksekti.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, periodontal hastalıklar olumsuz gebelik sonuçları ile ilişkilidir. Kadınların gebelik öncesi ve gebelik süresince oral hijyenlerine ve dental muayenelerine dikkat etmeleri gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Düşük doğum ağırlığı, erken doğum, periodontal hastalıklar, plak indeks, gingival indeks

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Koordinatörlüğü'

Project Number

DHFDUP/2019-0001

Is Periodontal Disease a Risk Factor for Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight?

Abstract

Aim: Premature birth or low birth weight has an important place in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Today, there are still cases whose etiology has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of periodontal diseases on adverse pregnancy outcomes by using the current classification system accepted at the 2017 World Workshop.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 172 women who were followed up and delivered in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of our university’s medical faculty hospital. Demographic characteristics of all individuals were recorded and laboratory values were examined. While those with a gestational age <37 weeks and/or baby birth weight < 2500 g were constituted to the case group (n=85), those with a gestational age ≥ 37 weeks and/or baby birth weight ≥ 2500 g constituted the control group (n=87). Clinical periodontal and radiographic evaluations including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP %), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) values were performed for all individuals, and the diagnoses were made by the applied classification system. Analyzes were performed between the two groups to examine the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy.
Results: PI, GI, BOP %, and PPD values in the case group were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.001). Although the CAL value was higher in the case group, the difference was not significant (p=0.058). WBC (p=0.020) and PLT (p<0.001) values were significantly higher in the case group.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, periodontal diseases are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes independent of other risk factors. Women should pay attention to their oral hygiene and dental examinations before and during pregnancy.

Keywords

low birth weight, preterm birth, periodontal diseases, plaque index, gingival index

Project Number

DHFDUP/2019-0001

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