Research Article
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The Use of Innovative Technical Textiles in Interior Design

Year 2024, , 29 - 49, 31.03.2024

Tuğba Beratoğlu , Damla Altuncu

https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202461843

Abstract

The rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century and the "Industry 4.0" concept, which
emerged in parallel with these developments, is causing an innovative transformation in the technical textile sector.
Within the framework of this transformation, the importance of technical textiles in interior design has started to
increase gradually. However, for the widespread use of technical textiles, which stand out with their high
performance features, in interior design, scientific studies on design, sustainability and impact on human health
should be expanded. For this reason, research and development studies continue the current properties and
production techniques of technical textiles. It is foreseen that the developed innovative technical textiles can be
used as a versatile material in interior design. For this purpose, the reflection of the intelligent, efficient and
sustainable production approach brought by the concept of Industry 4.0 to the technical textile sector on interior
design as an innovative material has been investigated in this study. Within the scope of the research, innovative
technical textiles suitable for interior design were examined using the scanning description method, one of the
quantitative research techniques, in line with the information obtained from the national and international literature
and sector data.

Keywords

Innovative Technical Textile Interior Design Textile Technology

References

  • Aldalbahi, A., & El-Newehy, Mohamed & Rahaman, M., & Hatshan, M., & Khattab, T., (2021). Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution. Polymers. 13. 10.3390/polym13010155.
  • Aneja, A.P., Kupka, K., Militký, J., & Kadi, N. (2019). 1B3_0287_ Textile Industry 4.0 – Preparing For Digital Future.
  • Jimeno-Morenilla, A., Azariadis, P., Molina-Carmona, R., Kyratzi, S., Moulianitis, V. (2021). Technology enablers for the implementation of Industry 4.0 to traditional manufacturing sectors: A review, Computers in Industry, Volume 125, 2021, 103390, ISSN 0166-3615, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103390
  • McCarthy, B.J. (2016). An overview of the technical textiles sector. In: Handbook of technical textiles Woodhead Publishing, pp. 1-20. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-458-1.00001-7
  • Can, Ö. (2008). Endüstride Kullanılan Teknik Tekstiller Üzerine Bir Araştırma Tekstil Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi (3) 31-43
  • Cerulo, B., Papile, F., Motta, M., Marinelli, A., Conti, G. M., Del Curto, B., (2022). 3D knitting for upholstery: guidelines to design at the interface of sustainable fashion and furniture. 10.54941/ahfe1001547.
  • Choi, et al., (2022). Smart textile lighting/display system with multifunctional fibre devices for large scale smart home and IoT applications. Nature Communications. 13. 10.1038/s41467-022-28459-6.
  • Deepthi, B., & Bansal, V. (2022). Industry 4.0 in Textile and Apparel Industry: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends. Vision, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629221130233
  • Eurecat. (2019). Innovating with companies to create next-generation textile solutions Erişim Tarihi: (28.01.2023). https://eurecat.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Textile_eng.pdf
  • Hasan, R. (2020). An overview of geotextiles: industrial application in technical textiles. J Text Sci Fash Technol, 4(4).
  • Kaynak H. K., & Sarıoğlu, E., (2018). PET Bottle Recycling for Sustainable Textiles. 10.5772/intechopen.72589.
  • İlhan, İ. (2019). Tekstil üretim süreçleri açısından endüstri 4.0 kavramı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (7), 810-823. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pajes/issue/50906/664812
  • İTKİB, İstanbul Tekstil Konfeksiyon İhracatçı Birlikleri. (2008). Teknik Tekstiller Üzerine Genel ve Güncel Bilgiler. Mart 2008. İstanbul
  • Karla J. Nielson. (2007). Interior Textiles: Fabrics, Application, and Historic Style / Edition 1
  • Mcgee, W., & Ng, T., & Peller, A. (2019). Hard + Soft: Robotic Needle Felting for Nonwoven Textiles: Foreword by Sigrid Brell-Çokcan and Johannes Braumann, Association for Robots in Architecture. 10.1007/978-3-319-92294-2_15.
  • Noorian Najafabadi, S. A., Sugano, S., & Bluyssen, P. M. (2022). Impact of carpets on indoor air quality. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12989.
  • Redmond, K. (2020). Ultrasheer fabric electrodes increase wearability of light-emitting e-textiles Erişim tarihi (25.06.2023). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-bulletin/news/ultrasheer-fabric-electrodes-increase-wearability-of-light-emitting-e-textiles
  • Rathore, B. (2023). Textile Industry 4.0: A Review of Sustainability in Manufacturing. International Journal of New Media Technology. 10. 38-43.
  • Rowe, T. (2009). Interior textiles: Design and developments.
  • Shareef, R. A., & Al-Alwan, H. A. S. (2021). Sustainable textile architecture: history and prospects. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1067, No. 1, p. 012046). IOP Publishing.
  • Tao, X. (2015). Handbook of Smart Textiles. 10.1007/978-981-4451-45-1
  • Technical Information The Blue Angel - Dünyanın ilk eko-etiketi uluslararası pazarlarda Erişim Tarihi: (03.05.2023) https://www.yesilist.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/09/BlueAngelNedirTurkce.pdf
  • Van der Veen, I., & de Boer, J. (2012). Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere, 88(10), 1119-1153.
  • Wu, Y., Mechael, S. S., Lerma, C., Carmichael, R. S., & Carmichael, T. B. (2020). Stretchable ultrasheer fabrics as semitransparent electrodes for wearable light-emitting e-textiles with changeable display patterns. Matter, 2(4), 882-895.
  • Zander, N. E., Gillan, M., & Sweetser, D. (2017). Composite fibers from recycled plastics using melt centrifugal spinning. Materials, 10(9), 1044.
  • İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI
  • URL-1: Tarakçıoğlu, I. (2003). http://www.porttex.com/dünyatekstilverileri
  • URL-2: Wanders, M. (1996). Knotted Chair. Erişim Tarihi: (24.01.2023) https://www.marcelwanders.com/work/knotted-chair
  • URL-3: Euratex annual report. (2016). Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2023 https://euratex.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Euratex-annual-report-2016-LR.pdf
  • URL-4: Technical Textile Raport. (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2023 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/technical-textiles-market
  • URL-5: Trademap. (2023). Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2023 https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c1
  • URL-6: 3D Knitted Furniture | Circular high tech textile coding.(2019) Erişim tarihi (29.06.2023) https://www.skrabanja.com/3d-knitted-sofa
  • URL-7: Aouf R. S. (2019,12 September). 3D printing meets felt in new additive manufacturing technique. Erişim tarihi (28.06.2023): https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/12/robotic-needle-felting-taubman-college-design/
  • URL-8: Object carpet. (2018). Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2023) https://www.object-carpet.com/en/products/loesungen/technical-solutions/welltex-tiles-construction
  • URL-11: Dichroic Lookbook. Erişim Tarihi (01.06.2023) https://www.patcraft.com/getmedia/be84740c-ffbe-48f3-b785-02936b821c55/dichroic_lookbook.pdf.aspx
  • URL-12: Fibre2Fashion News Desk. (2019). Patcraft unveils non-woven composite flooring. Erişim Tarihi (01.06.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/patcraft-unveils-non-woven-composite-flooring-254189.html
  • URL-9: Fishing nets from aquaculture and fish industry and ghost nets. Erişim Tarihi: (02.06.2023). https://www.econyl.com/blog/fishing-nets-from-aquaculture-and-fish-industry-and-ghost-nets/
  • URL-10: Ecolabel with history Erişim Tarihi: (03.06.2023) https://www.blauer-engel.de/en/blue-angel/our-label-environment/ecolabel-history
  • URL-13: Frx-innovations products. Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2023) https://www.frx-innovations.com/products
  • URL-14 Flame Retardant Upholstery Fabrics. (2022). Erişim Tarihi: (01.07.2023) https://www.textileworld.com/textile-world/2022/10/frx-innovations-sichuan-em-technology-co-jointly-develop-flame-retardant-upholstery-fabrics-for-u-k-market/
  • URL-15: Flame retardant fabric. (2022). Erişim tarihi: (12.05.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/us-frx-sichuan-develop-1st-halogen-free-flame-retardant-fabric-283488.html
  • URL-16:Interview with Uyen Tran. (2022). Erişim tarihi: (16.06.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/interviews/tom-tex-co/uyen-tran/13424-1/
  • URL-17: Hahn, J., (2020). Tômtex is a leather alternative made from waste seafood shells and coffee grounds. Dezeen. Erişim tarihi (29.05.2023). https://www.dezeen.com/2020/08/22/tomtex-leather-alternative-biomaterial-seafoodshells-coffee/?li_source=LI&li_medium=bottom_block_1
  • URL-18: TômTex’s Vegan Leather is Gorgeous & Eco-Friendly. (2021). Erişim tarihi: (18.06.2023). https://www.nokillmag.com/articles/tomtex-ecofriendly-biodegradable-vegan-leather/

İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2024, , 29 - 49, 31.03.2024

Tuğba Beratoğlu , Damla Altuncu

https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202461843

Abstract

21. yüzyılda bilim ve teknolojinin hızlı gelişmesi ve bu gelişmelere paralel olarak ortaya çıkan "Endüstri 4.0"
kavramı teknik tekstil sektöründe yenilikçi bir dönüşüme neden olmaktadır. Bu dönüşüm çerçevesinde iç mekân
tasarımında teknik tekstilin önemi giderek artmaya başlamıştır. Ancak yüksek performans özellikleri ile öne çıkan
teknik tekstillerin iç mekân tasarımında kullanımının yaygınlaşması için tasarım, sürdürülebilirlik ve insan
sağlığına etki konularındaki bilimsel çalışmaların genişletilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle teknik tekstillerin
mevcut özelliklerine ve üretim tekniklerine yönelik araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmaları devam etmektedir.
Geliştirilen yenilikçi teknik tekstillerin iç mekân tasarımında çok yönlü bir malzeme olarak kullanılabileceği
öngörülmektedir. Bu amaç ile çalışmada Endüstri 4.0 kavramının teknik tekstil sektörüne getirdiği akıllı, verimli
ve sürdürülebilir üretim anlayışının iç mekân tasarımına yenilikçi bir malzeme olarak yansıması araştırılmıştır.
Araştırma kapsamında ulusal ve uluslararası literatür ve sektör verilerinden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda iç
mekân tasarımına uygun yenilikçi teknik tekstiller nicel araştırma tekniklerinden tarama betimleme yöntemi
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak araştırmada; dijitalleşme ve ekolojik hassasiyet ile üretilen yenilikçi
teknik tekstillerin iç mekân tasarımına katkısını vurgulamak hedeflenmektedir.

Keywords

Yenilikçi Teknik Tekstil İç Mekan Tasarımı Tekstil Teknolojisi

References

  • Aldalbahi, A., & El-Newehy, Mohamed & Rahaman, M., & Hatshan, M., & Khattab, T., (2021). Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution. Polymers. 13. 10.3390/polym13010155.
  • Aneja, A.P., Kupka, K., Militký, J., & Kadi, N. (2019). 1B3_0287_ Textile Industry 4.0 – Preparing For Digital Future.
  • Jimeno-Morenilla, A., Azariadis, P., Molina-Carmona, R., Kyratzi, S., Moulianitis, V. (2021). Technology enablers for the implementation of Industry 4.0 to traditional manufacturing sectors: A review, Computers in Industry, Volume 125, 2021, 103390, ISSN 0166-3615, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103390
  • McCarthy, B.J. (2016). An overview of the technical textiles sector. In: Handbook of technical textiles Woodhead Publishing, pp. 1-20. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-458-1.00001-7
  • Can, Ö. (2008). Endüstride Kullanılan Teknik Tekstiller Üzerine Bir Araştırma Tekstil Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi (3) 31-43
  • Cerulo, B., Papile, F., Motta, M., Marinelli, A., Conti, G. M., Del Curto, B., (2022). 3D knitting for upholstery: guidelines to design at the interface of sustainable fashion and furniture. 10.54941/ahfe1001547.
  • Choi, et al., (2022). Smart textile lighting/display system with multifunctional fibre devices for large scale smart home and IoT applications. Nature Communications. 13. 10.1038/s41467-022-28459-6.
  • Deepthi, B., & Bansal, V. (2022). Industry 4.0 in Textile and Apparel Industry: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends. Vision, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629221130233
  • Eurecat. (2019). Innovating with companies to create next-generation textile solutions Erişim Tarihi: (28.01.2023). https://eurecat.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Textile_eng.pdf
  • Hasan, R. (2020). An overview of geotextiles: industrial application in technical textiles. J Text Sci Fash Technol, 4(4).
  • Kaynak H. K., & Sarıoğlu, E., (2018). PET Bottle Recycling for Sustainable Textiles. 10.5772/intechopen.72589.
  • İlhan, İ. (2019). Tekstil üretim süreçleri açısından endüstri 4.0 kavramı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (7), 810-823. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pajes/issue/50906/664812
  • İTKİB, İstanbul Tekstil Konfeksiyon İhracatçı Birlikleri. (2008). Teknik Tekstiller Üzerine Genel ve Güncel Bilgiler. Mart 2008. İstanbul
  • Karla J. Nielson. (2007). Interior Textiles: Fabrics, Application, and Historic Style / Edition 1
  • Mcgee, W., & Ng, T., & Peller, A. (2019). Hard + Soft: Robotic Needle Felting for Nonwoven Textiles: Foreword by Sigrid Brell-Çokcan and Johannes Braumann, Association for Robots in Architecture. 10.1007/978-3-319-92294-2_15.
  • Noorian Najafabadi, S. A., Sugano, S., & Bluyssen, P. M. (2022). Impact of carpets on indoor air quality. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12989.
  • Redmond, K. (2020). Ultrasheer fabric electrodes increase wearability of light-emitting e-textiles Erişim tarihi (25.06.2023). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-bulletin/news/ultrasheer-fabric-electrodes-increase-wearability-of-light-emitting-e-textiles
  • Rathore, B. (2023). Textile Industry 4.0: A Review of Sustainability in Manufacturing. International Journal of New Media Technology. 10. 38-43.
  • Rowe, T. (2009). Interior textiles: Design and developments.
  • Shareef, R. A., & Al-Alwan, H. A. S. (2021). Sustainable textile architecture: history and prospects. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1067, No. 1, p. 012046). IOP Publishing.
  • Tao, X. (2015). Handbook of Smart Textiles. 10.1007/978-981-4451-45-1
  • Technical Information The Blue Angel - Dünyanın ilk eko-etiketi uluslararası pazarlarda Erişim Tarihi: (03.05.2023) https://www.yesilist.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/09/BlueAngelNedirTurkce.pdf
  • Van der Veen, I., & de Boer, J. (2012). Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere, 88(10), 1119-1153.
  • Wu, Y., Mechael, S. S., Lerma, C., Carmichael, R. S., & Carmichael, T. B. (2020). Stretchable ultrasheer fabrics as semitransparent electrodes for wearable light-emitting e-textiles with changeable display patterns. Matter, 2(4), 882-895.
  • Zander, N. E., Gillan, M., & Sweetser, D. (2017). Composite fibers from recycled plastics using melt centrifugal spinning. Materials, 10(9), 1044.
  • İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI
  • URL-1: Tarakçıoğlu, I. (2003). http://www.porttex.com/dünyatekstilverileri
  • URL-2: Wanders, M. (1996). Knotted Chair. Erişim Tarihi: (24.01.2023) https://www.marcelwanders.com/work/knotted-chair
  • URL-3: Euratex annual report. (2016). Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2023 https://euratex.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Euratex-annual-report-2016-LR.pdf
  • URL-4: Technical Textile Raport. (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2023 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/technical-textiles-market
  • URL-5: Trademap. (2023). Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2023 https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c1
  • URL-6: 3D Knitted Furniture | Circular high tech textile coding.(2019) Erişim tarihi (29.06.2023) https://www.skrabanja.com/3d-knitted-sofa
  • URL-7: Aouf R. S. (2019,12 September). 3D printing meets felt in new additive manufacturing technique. Erişim tarihi (28.06.2023): https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/12/robotic-needle-felting-taubman-college-design/
  • URL-8: Object carpet. (2018). Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2023) https://www.object-carpet.com/en/products/loesungen/technical-solutions/welltex-tiles-construction
  • URL-11: Dichroic Lookbook. Erişim Tarihi (01.06.2023) https://www.patcraft.com/getmedia/be84740c-ffbe-48f3-b785-02936b821c55/dichroic_lookbook.pdf.aspx
  • URL-12: Fibre2Fashion News Desk. (2019). Patcraft unveils non-woven composite flooring. Erişim Tarihi (01.06.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/patcraft-unveils-non-woven-composite-flooring-254189.html
  • URL-9: Fishing nets from aquaculture and fish industry and ghost nets. Erişim Tarihi: (02.06.2023). https://www.econyl.com/blog/fishing-nets-from-aquaculture-and-fish-industry-and-ghost-nets/
  • URL-10: Ecolabel with history Erişim Tarihi: (03.06.2023) https://www.blauer-engel.de/en/blue-angel/our-label-environment/ecolabel-history
  • URL-13: Frx-innovations products. Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2023) https://www.frx-innovations.com/products
  • URL-14 Flame Retardant Upholstery Fabrics. (2022). Erişim Tarihi: (01.07.2023) https://www.textileworld.com/textile-world/2022/10/frx-innovations-sichuan-em-technology-co-jointly-develop-flame-retardant-upholstery-fabrics-for-u-k-market/
  • URL-15: Flame retardant fabric. (2022). Erişim tarihi: (12.05.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/us-frx-sichuan-develop-1st-halogen-free-flame-retardant-fabric-283488.html
  • URL-16:Interview with Uyen Tran. (2022). Erişim tarihi: (16.06.2023) https://www.technicaltextile.net/interviews/tom-tex-co/uyen-tran/13424-1/
  • URL-17: Hahn, J., (2020). Tômtex is a leather alternative made from waste seafood shells and coffee grounds. Dezeen. Erişim tarihi (29.05.2023). https://www.dezeen.com/2020/08/22/tomtex-leather-alternative-biomaterial-seafoodshells-coffee/?li_source=LI&li_medium=bottom_block_1
  • URL-18: TômTex’s Vegan Leather is Gorgeous & Eco-Friendly. (2021). Erişim tarihi: (18.06.2023). https://www.nokillmag.com/articles/tomtex-ecofriendly-biodegradable-vegan-leather/
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Interior Architecture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğba Beratoğlu 0009-0008-2156-4020

Damla Altuncu 0000-0001-5276-2275

Publication Date March 31, 2024
Submission Date August 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Beratoğlu, T., & Altuncu, D. (2024). İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202461843
AMA Beratoğlu T, Altuncu D. İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. March 2024;6(1):29-49. doi:10.32955/neujfa202461843
Chicago Beratoğlu, Tuğba, and Damla Altuncu. “İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2024): 29-49. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202461843.
EndNote Beratoğlu T, Altuncu D (March 1, 2024) İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 6 1 29–49.
IEEE T. Beratoğlu and D. Altuncu, “İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış”, YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–49, 2024, doi: 10.32955/neujfa202461843.
ISNAD Beratoğlu, Tuğba - Altuncu, Damla. “İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 6/1 (March 2024), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202461843.
JAMA Beratoğlu T, Altuncu D. İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;6:29–49.
MLA Beratoğlu, Tuğba and Damla Altuncu. “İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2024, pp. 29-49, doi:10.32955/neujfa202461843.
Vancouver Beratoğlu T, Altuncu D. İç Mekânda Kullanılan Teknik Tekstillerin Yenilikçi Üretim Yöntemlerine Endüstri 4.0 Çerçevesinden Genel Bir Bakış. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;6(1):29-4.

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