Analysis of The EU’s Discursive Power In The Arab-Israeli Conflict/Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 190 - 201, 30.06.2024
Taylan Özgür Kaya
,
Aslıgül Sarıkamış Kaya
Abstract
This paper aims to analyse discursive power exercised by the EU in the resolution of the Arab-Israeli Conflict/Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (AIc/IPc). It is common wisdom that the EU has failed to live up to its discourses in its actual foreign policy practice, which is conceptualized as ‘discourse-practice gap’. The AIc/IPc is not an exception to this general perception. Despite this general view, the EU has a significant discursive power in the AIc/IPc. The EU has developed a discourse on a just and lasting resolution to the Conflict since the 1970s through its declarations. Through its declaratory policy, the EU has brought out an acquis politique with regard to the resolution of the AIc/IPc. The basic principles of this acquis politiques were later acknowledged and adopted by the international community and became the official position of the international community. By this way, the EU has been able to shape conceptions of normal in the resolution of the AIc/IPc. The basic principles of EU’s discourse on just and lasting resolution to the Conflict including the inclusion of the Palestinians in any peace negotiations; mutual recognition between Israelis and the Palestinians; comprehensive peace settlement in which all the parties to the Conflict participate were first put forward by the EU and later adopted by international community. Moreover, the internationally agreed just and lasting peace formula based on two-state solution was first articulated in the EU’s declarations.
References
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- Greilsammer, I. ve Weiler, J. (1984). European Political Cooperation and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: An Israeli Perspective. D. Allen ve A. Pijpers (Der.), European Foreign Policy-making and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (s. 121-160). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
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Arap-İsrail Uyuşmazlığında Avrupa Birliği’nin Söylemsel Gücünün Analizi
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 190 - 201, 30.06.2024
Taylan Özgür Kaya
,
Aslıgül Sarıkamış Kaya
Abstract
Bu makalenin amacı, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Arap-İsrail Uyuşmazlığı (AİU) ya da bu günkü durumuyla Filistin-İsrail Uyuşmazlığının (FİU) çözümüne yönelik olarak sahip olduğu söylemsel gücün analiz edilmesidir. AB’nin dış politika pratiklerinin söylemleriyle uyumlu olmadığına dair genel kabul görmüş ve ‘söylem-pratik açığı’ olarak adlandırılan genel bir inanç vardır. AİU/FİU da bu noktada bu genel algıya bir istisna teşkil etmemektedir. Ancak bu genel kanıya rağmen, Birliğin AİU/FİU’ya yönelik olarak önemli bir söylemsel güce sahip olduğunu iddia edebiliriz. Birlik, 1970’li yıllardan bu yana Uyuşmazlığa adil ve kalıcı çözüm bulunmasına yönelik olarak ilan etmiş olduğu deklarasyonlar vasıtasıyla bir söylem geliştirmiştir. Bu söyleme dayalı politika yoluyla AB Uyuşmazlığın çözümüne yönelik siyasi bir müktesebat geliştirmiştir. Bu müktesebatın temel ilkeleri daha sonrasında uluslararası toplum tarafından da benimsenmiş ve uluslararası toplumun resmi pozisyonu haline gelmiştir. Böylece, AB Uyuşmazlığın çözümüne yönelik olarak normalin ne olduğunu şekillendirebilmiştir. Filistinlilerin barış görüşmelerine katılmaları; İsrailliler ve Filistinlilerin karşılıklı olarak birbirlerini tanımları; Uyuşmazlığa bütün tarafların katılımıyla kapsamlı barışçı bir çözüm bulunması gibi temel ilkeler ilk olarak AB tarafından ortaya konmuş daha sonra uluslararası toplum tarafından benimsenmiştir. Ayrıca, bugün uluslararası toplum tarafından genel kabul gören iki devletli çözüme dayanan adil ve kalıcı barış formülü ilk olarak Birliğin deklarasyonlarında ortaya konmuştur.
References
- Akdoğan, Y. (2023). İsrail’in Gazze Katliamı: UCM’ye Göre Savaş Suçu mu, Devlet Terörü mü?, Medeniyet ve Toplum Dergisi, 7 (2), 200-211.
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- Avrupa Birliği Konseyi. (2002, Ekim 24). Seville European Council 21 and 22 June 2002 Presidency Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/20928/72638.pdf.
- Avrupa Birliği Konseyi. (2024a, Mart 22). European Council Meeting (21 and 22 March 2024) Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/70880/euco-conclusions-2122032024.pdf.
- Avrupa Birliği Konseyi. (2024b, Nisan 18). Special Meeting of the European Council (17 and 18 April 2024) Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/m5jlwe0p/euco-conclusions-20240417-18-en.pdf.
- Avrupa Dış Eylemler Servisi (ADES). (1980, Haziran 13). Venice European Council Declaration. https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/mepp/docs/venice_declaration_1980_en.pdf.
- Avrupa Toplulukları Komisyonu. (1987). Bulletin of the European Communities. 20 (9).
- Avrupa Toplulukları Komisyonu. (1989). Bulletin of the European Communities. 22 (6).
- Asseburg, M. (2003). The EU and the Middle East Conflict: Tackling the Main Obstacle to Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Mediterranean Politics, 8 (2-3), 174-193.
- Bilgin, P. (2019). Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective 2. Baskı. Routledge.
- Birleşmiş Milletler (BM). (1967, Kasım 22). Resolution 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SCRes242%281967%29.pdf.
- BM. (1973, Ekim 22). Resolution 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SCR338%281973%29.pdf.
- BM. (2002, Mart 12). Resolution 1397 (2002). https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SRES1397.pdf.
- BM. (2003, Kasım 19). Resolution 1515 (2003). http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1515.
- Bush, G.W. (2002, Haziran 24). President Bush Calls for New Palestinian Leadership [Konuşma]. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020624-3.html.
- Castle, S. (2002, Nisan 16). EU dismisses Sanctions and Backs Powell’s Peace Mission. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/eu-dismisses-sanctions-and-backs-powells-peace-mission-657362.html.
- Çorlu, H.Ç. (2018). Russia-The European Union Relation and The Energy Charter Treaty, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1 (2), 45-73.
- Greilsammer, I. ve Weiler, J. (1984). European Political Cooperation and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: An Israeli Perspective. D. Allen ve A. Pijpers (Der.), European Foreign Policy-making and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (s. 121-160). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
- Gustafsson, K. (2014). Is China’s Discursive Power Increasing? The “Power of the Past” in Sino-Japanese Relations. Asian Perspective, 38 (3), 411-433.
- Hartley, C. (der.) (2004). A Survey of Arab-Israeli Relations 2. baskı. Europa Publications.
Ifestos, P. (1987). European Political Cooperation: Towards a Framework of Supranational Diplomacy?. Avebury.
- Kaya, T.Ö. (2022). Avrupa Birliği-Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika İlişkileri. T.Ö. Kaya ve A. Sarıkamış Kaya (Der.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Küresel İlişkileri (s. 105-143). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Miller R. (2006). Troubled Neighbours: The EU and Israel. Israel Affairs, 12 (4), 642-664.
- Nuttall, S.J. (1992). European Political Cooperation. Clarendon Press.
- Orta Doğu Dörtlüsü (ODD). (2002, Eylül 17). Middle East Quartet Communique of September 17, 2002. https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rt/15207.htm.
- Persson, A. (2018). How, When and Why Did the Way the EU Speaks about the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Change?. Middle East Critique, 27 (4), 335-349.
- Peters, J. (2000). Europe and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process: The Declaration of the European Council of Berlin and Beyond. S. Behrendt ve C. Hanelt (Der.), Bound to Cooperate: Europe and the Middle East (p. 150-171). Bertelsmann Foundation.
- Radeljic, B. (2021). Tehdit Teşkil Eden Öteki midir? Yoksa Kendisi mi? AB’nin Çıkmazları ve Kendini Feshetme Politikası, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 239-262.
- Salamé, G. (1994). Torn Between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Europe and the Middle East in the Post-Cold War Era. Middle East Journal, 48 (2), 226-249.
- Smith, H. (2002). European Union Foreign Policy, What it is and What it Does. Pluto Press.
- Soetendorp, B. (1999). Foreign Policy in the European Union. Pearson Education Limited.
- Tessler, M. (1994). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Indiana University Press.