Investigation of Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity in Dill, Purslane And Rocket

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 25 - 32, 03.02.2015

Velid Unsal , Sevil Toroğlu , Ergül Belge Kurutaş , Safiye Şeyma Taner Filiz Atalay Güllü Bahar

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210914

Abstract

Dill (Anethum graveolens), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and rocket (Eruca sativa) is widely available all over the world, and is usually consumed fresh (leaves or branches). In this study, we aimed to investigate the three selected plant antioxidant and antimicrobial of activities Dill, Rocket and Purslane in Kahramanmaras were in different markets. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to disc diffusion using the method were determined. Antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of plants selected as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as indicators of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Dill, Rocket, Purslane, SOD and CAT activities compared dill see that the activity is highest. SOD 1,35±0,17 U/mg protein and 349,29±68,46 CAT U/mg protein. MDA levels in the leaves of the dill is the lowest we see that weed. MDA 1,53±0,36 nmol/mg protein. Leaves and branches of the dill was seen higher antimicrobial activity than antifungal activity. Antifungal and antimicrobial activity of leaves of purslane herb extract was higher than branches of it. Antifungal and antimicrobial activity in rocket was observed in leaves and branches against some bacteria and fungi. These results showed that the studied plants, an important antioxidant, antimicrobial activities against some microorganisms have the plants to be caused by the content of phytochemical

Keywords

Dill, Purslane and Rocket, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity

Dereotu, Semizotu ve Roka’da Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitenin Araştırılması

Abstract

Dereotu (Anethum graveolens), semizotu (Portulaca oleracea)  ve roka (Eruca sativa) tüm dünyada yaygın olarak bulunur ve genellikle taze olarak tüketilir (yaprakları ya da dalları ). Bu çalışmada, seçilen üç bitkinin yaprak ve dallarında antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Dereotu, roka ve semizotu Kahramanmaraş bölgesinde farklı marketlerden alındı. Bitki ekstrelerinde antimikrobiyal aktivite disk difuzyon yöntemi kullanarak saptandı. Seçilen bitkilerin dallarında ve yapraklarında antioksidan enzimler olarak superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) aktiviteleri ile oksidatif stresin indikatörü olarak malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyi spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. Dereotu, roka ve semizotu'nun SOD ve CAT aktiviteleri karşılaştırıldığında dereotunda en yüksek antioksidan aktivitenin olduğu ve MDA düzeyinin en düşük olduğu gözlendi (SOD: 35±0,17 U/mg protein  ve CAT: 349,29±68,46 U/mg protein, MDA: 1,53±0,36 nmol/mg protein. Dereotunun yaprak ve dallarında antifungal aktivite antibakteriyal aktiviteden yüksekti. Semizotunun yaprak ekstrelerinde antifungal ve antibakteriyal aktivite, dal ekstrelerinden daha yüksekti. Roka’nın yaprak ve dallarında ise bazı bakteri ve mayalara karşı antifungal ve antibakteriyal aktivite gözlendi. Bu sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, çalışılan bitkilerin önemli antioksidan, ve bazı mikroorganizmalara karşı antimikrobiyal aktivitelere sahip olması; bitkilerin fitokimyasal içeriğinden kaynaklanabilir.

Keywords

Roka, Semizotu, Dereotu, Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal aktivite

References

• Moure A, Cruz JM, Franco JD, et al. Natural antioxidants from residual sources. Food Chem 200; 172: 145–71.
• Cornelli U. Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals. Clin Dermatol 2009. 2 (7): 175–194.
• Pellegrini N, Miglio C, Del Rio D, et al. Effect of domestic cooking methods on the total antioxidant capacity of vegetables. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009. 60, 12–22.
• Stahl W, Berg H, Arthur J et al. Bioavailability and metabolism.Mol Aspects Med 2002. 23, 39– 100.
• Hassimotto NMA, Pinto MDS and Lajolo FM. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) juices with and without defatted milk. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:11727–33.
• Weckerle, B., Michel, K., Balazs, B.et al. Phytochem. 2001.57, 547-551/
• Bown, D.: Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses, p.325, Dorling Kindersley Ltd , London 1995/
• Baytop,T.: Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Günümüzde), 2.baskı, 142, Nobel Tıp
• Kitabevleri, İstanbul,1999/
• Evans, W.C.: Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy, 14. Ed, pp. 264, 477, 494, WB Saunders Co. Ltd., London 1996.
• Beutler E. Red Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods, 3rd edn. Grune and Stratton Inc, New York, 1984
• Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. Advances in Enzymology 1974, 41:35-97.
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979.95,351-358.
• Lowry OH, Rosebroug NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenpl reagent. J Biochem 1951.75, 193- 265 .
• Khan, N.H., Nur-e Kamal M.S.A. and Rahman, M., Antibacterial activity of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. Indian J. med. Res.1998. 87, 395-397.
• Bauer, A.W., KırbyRBY, W.M.M., SHERRIS, J.C. AND TURCK, M., 1966. Antibiotic
• susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. clin. Pathol.1966. 45, 493– 496.
• NCCLS National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standarts. 2000. Performance standarts for antimicrobial disc susceptility tests; 7 ed. Approved Standart M2-A7 NCCLS, Pennsylvania.
• Bradshaw, L.J., 1992. Laboratory of microbiology, 4th edn, Saunders College Publishing, USA, pp. 435.
• Toroglu, S . In vitro antimicrobial activity and antagonistic effect of essential oils from plant. species. J. environ. Biol., 2007.28, 551-559.
• Collıns, C.H., LYNE, P.M. AND GRANGE, J.M., 1989. Microbiological methods. 6th edn, Butterworths, London, pp. 410.
• Kaşkar, Ç. İzmir ve Çevresindeki Semizotu (Portulaca oleracea L.) Genotiplerinin Bazı
• Morfolojik Özellikleri ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2009.
• Anonim, 2011. http://sifalibitkiler.us; http://bitkilerindili.blogcu.com.
• Simopoulos AP, Norman HA, Gillaspy JE, Duke JA ‘Common purslane: a source of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants ‘J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Aug;11(4):374-82.
• Y.Y.Lim,E.P.L.Quah Antioxidant properties of different cultivars of Portulaca oleracea’ Food Chemistry 2007.103 ,734-740 .
• Ishihara K, Kudo M, Kitajima J.Water –soluble constituents of Dill.Chem Pharm Bull 2002.50,501-507 .
• Micheal Stavri and Simon Gibbons ‘ The Antimycobacterial Constituents of Dill(Anethum graveolens) Phytoher Res.2005.19,983-984.
• Myriam Villatoro-Pulido, Rafael Moreno Rojas, Andr´es Mu˜ noz-Serrano,Vanessa Carden˜osa, et al. ‘Characterization and prediction by near-infrared reflectance of mineral composition of rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa and Eruca vesicaria subsp. vesicaria)’ (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jsfa.4694-(2011).